WL 110.04
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WL 110
Experiment Instructions
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Klaus Schröder
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Modular design of WL 110 series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Objectives of unit, target group and learning content . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Information for the teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Intended use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
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3 Unit description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1 Introduction to the WL 110 series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 WL 110 Heat Exchanger with Supply Unit process schematic . . . . . 11
3.3 WL 110 Service Unit with Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.4 Unit function and components, WL 110
Service Unit with Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4.1 Unit description and function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4.2 Control and display panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.5 Data acquisition program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5.1 Installing the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5.2 Operating the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.6 WL 110.01 Tubular Heat Exchanger unit description . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6.1 Layout and function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.6.2 Connection to the service unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.6.3 General information for tubular heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . 27
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4 Fundamental principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.1 Heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2 Indirect heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.2.1 Heat transfer from fluid-partition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.2 Thermal Conduction in the Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.3 Heat Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.4 Analogy to fluid dynamics and electrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.3 Heat flow through the heat exchanger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.4 Temperature curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
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5 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.1 Experiments with WL 110.01, WL 110.02 and WL 110.03 . . . . . . . . 59
5.1.1 Experiment aims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.1.2 Experiment series, general conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.1.3 Experimental setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.1.4 Performing the experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.1.5 Measured values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.1.6 Analysis, comments and evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.2 Experiments with WL 110.04. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
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6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.1 Technical data for WL 110, Heat Exchanger Service Unit . . . . . . . . 81
6.2 Technical data for accessories (heat exchangers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.2.1 WL 110.01 Tubular Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.2.2 WL 110.02 Plate Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.2.3 WL 110.03 Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.2.4 WL 110.04 Jacketed Vessel with Stirrer and Coil . . . . . . . . . 86
6.3 List of abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.4 List of key symbols and units used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.5 List of symbols for process schematic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction 1
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2 1 Introduction
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1 Introduction 3
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4 1 Introduction
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2 Safety
2 Safety 5
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Symbol Explanation
Electrical voltage
Hot surfaces
Hand injuries
Notice
Wear gloves
6 2 Safety
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WARNING
Electrical connections are exposed when the
rear panel is open.
Risk of electric shock.
• Before opening the rear panel, disconnect the
mains plug.
• Work should only be performed by qualified
electricians.
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WARNING
The hot water circuit can be operated at tem-
peratures up to 70°C.
Contact with hot water can cause scalding.
• Avoid contact with hot water.
WARNING
The hot water circuit can be operated at tem-
peratures up to 70°C.
Touching hot surfaces can cause burns.
• Do not touch hot surfaces.
• Put on appropriate protective gloves before
touching hot couplings for hot water.
2 Safety 7
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WARNING
Reaching into the rotating stirrer on the
WL 110.04 Jacketed Vessel with Stirrer and
Coil can cause injury.
• Do not reach into the rotating stirrer.
• Before removing the cover, stop the stirrer and
disconnect the plug from the connection
socket.
NOTICE
Frost damage is possible when storing the service
unit and the heat exchangers.
• Only store in a frost-free environment.
• If there is a risk of frost or the unit will not be
used for a long period, completely drain the
water.
NOTICE
The hot water pump is destroyed if operated with-
out water.
• Never operate the hot water pump without
water.
8 2 Safety
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3 Unit description
The WL 110 Heat Exchanger with Service Unit series has a modular
design. Fig. 3.1 shows the main modules of the WL 110 series.
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WL 110
WL 110.01
WL 110.03
WL 110.04
WL 110.02
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10 3 Unit description
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FI TI TI
1 1 6
V1
Hot water circuit Cold water circuit
P
W
LSL TI TI
1 2 5
B
H
FI
TIC TI 2
7
V3 V2
TI TI
3 4
12 3 Unit description
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5 4
6
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8 9 10 1
11
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14 3 Unit description
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water.
Fig. 3.6 shows the top view of the open hot water
tank (B), with the electric hot water heater (H),
the level switch (LSL1) and the immersion
H sleeve for the temperature sensor (TI7).
Fig. 3.6 Hot water tank (B)
4
Fig. 3.7 shows a rear view of the right housing
section (rear panel removed). The hot water
tank (B), the hot water pump (P) and other com-
ponents of the hot and cold water circuit can be
seen, with the pipework and internal hoses.
P B
Fig. 3.7 Right housing section (3),
rear panel removed
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16 3 Unit description
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3 Unit description 17
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Heater
controls Displays for
hot water
circuit
Stirrer
controls Displays for
cold water
circuit
Pump
controls
18 3 Unit description
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28 27 26 25 24
29
23
30
31
32
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22
33
21
34
35
36 37 38
21 Cold water return temperature display (TI6) 31 Cold water feed temperature display (TI4)
22 Cold water temperature display, centre (TI5) 32 Adjusting knob for stirrer speed
23 Cold water flow rate display (FI2) 33 Switch for Pump (P)
24 Hot water flow rate display (FI1) 34 Switch for stirrer
25 Hot water temperature display, centre (TI2) 35 Master switch with emergency stop function
26 Hot water return temperature display (TI3) 36 Connecting socket for stirrer
27 Hot water feed temperature display (TI1) 37 Connecting socket for hot water temperature, centre
28 Controller TIC7 for temperature TI7 38 Connecting socket for cold water temperature, centre
29 Low water warning lamp (LSL1)
30 Switch for heater (H)
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20 3 Unit description
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Fig. 3.13 Controller TIC7 (28) The parameters for the TIC7 controller are preset
during production (for values see Chapter 6.1,
Page 81).
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22 3 Unit description
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Installation routine
NOTICE
The trainer must not be connected to the USB port
on the PC during installation of the program. The
trainer may only be connected after the software
has been installed successfully.
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24 3 Unit description
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the tube area (inside the inner tube) and the shell
(between the inner tube and the outer tube).
Parallel flow Both the tube areas and the shells of the two dou-
ble tubes are connected in series.
The split into two double tubes reduces the overall
length and enables temperature measurement for
Counter flow
cold and hot water in the centre of the overall heat
exchanger.
Fig. 3.15 illustrates the flow. As determined by the
two different coupling designs (7), hot water (red)
Fig. 3.15 WL 110.01, schematic flows through the tube area and cold water
(shown in blue) through the shell.
Cold and hot water flow along the inner tubes
either in the same direction (parallel flow) or in
opposite directions (counter flow).
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26 3 Unit description
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pieces or fibres.
• There is a hygienic advantage as the tube area
is free of flow dead zones (important in the food
industry, for example).
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28 3 Unit description
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Platten
30 3 Unit description
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32 3 Unit description
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34 3 Unit description
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3.9 WL 110.04 Jacketed Vessel with Stirrer and Coil unit description
3 Unit description 35
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36 3 Unit description
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V4
A B C D
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38 3 Unit description
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Fig. 3.39 WL 110.04, operation with heating Fig. 3.40 WL 110.04, operation with heating coil
jacket
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3.10 Commissioning
40 3 Unit description
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3 Unit description 41
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FI TI
1 1
V1
FI
P 2
V2
LSL TI Cold water
1 B 4
B
H
TIC TI
7
Fig. 3.43 Rinse the pump (P) with cold water, schematic circuit
Method:
First ensure that the pump is not actuated (set the
switch (33) in Fig. 3.12, Page 19 to "0" position).
After connecting the couplings, completely open
regulating valves V1 and V2. Open the cold water
supply. As soon as water is flowing, allow the level
in the tank (B) to rise by several litres. Then shut
off the cold water supply and disconnect the
couplings. Reconnect the original heat exchanger
and continue with commissioning or the experi-
ment.
If the pump still does not start up, continue with 2.
below.
42 3 Unit description
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Fig. 3.45 Remove carrying handle and turn motor shaft with screwdriver
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4 Fundamental principles
4 Fundamental principles 47
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48 4 Fundamental principles
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Q = A T t (4.1)
where T h = T h – T p, h (4.4)
and
·
Q = c A Tc (4.5)
where T c = T p, c – T c (4.6)
4 Fundamental principles 49
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·
Q = h A T h = --- A T p = c A T c (4.9)
s
50 4 Fundamental principles
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T max – T min
T lm = ------------------------------------
- (4.12)
T max
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ln ----------------
T min
Ah – Ac
A m = ------------------
- (4.13)
A
ln ------
h
Ac
3. ln defines the natural logarithm for the
base e = 2,71828.
The mean coefficient of heat transfer km char-
acterises the heat exchanger. It can be used to
compare different heat exchangers with one
another. There are guideline values for km for
particular designs, enabling similar heat exchang-
ers to be dimensioned.
4 Fundamental principles 51
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52 4 Fundamental principles
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Hot fluid
·
Q h,out
·
Q h,in
·
Q = Transferred heat flow
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·
Q c,out
·
Q c,in
Cold fluid
4 Fundamental principles 53
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·
If the heat flow figures differ, the mean value Q m
is calculated.
· · · ·
· –Qh + Qc Qc – Qh
Q m = -----------------------------
- = -------------------
- (4.19)
2 2
·
Qm
k m = ------------------------
- (4.20)
A m T lm
c p,c m · T ·
c c,out – T c,in – c p,h m h T h,out – T h,in
k m = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- (4.21)
2 A m T lm
where · = V· h
m (4.22)
h h
and · = V·
m (4.23)
c c c
54 4 Fundamental principles
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Hot
than linear.
This is clearly illustrated by the parallel flow exam-
Fig. 4.3 Temperature curve for ple (see Fig. 4.3). The temperature difference is
parallel flow at its maximum when the fluids enter the heat
exchanger (x =0) and at its minimum at the outlet.
With the maximum temperature difference, a
large heat flow can be transferred, i.e. the temper-
T h,in Hot fluid atures change quickly. As the temperature differ-
ence is reduced, the temperatures change more
T c,out slowly.
T h,out
T c,in With parallel flow, the outlet temperature T c,out
Cold fluid
always remains lower than T h,out .
Travel x
By contrast, with counter flow the outlet tempera-
ture T c,out of the heated fluid can be higher than
Hot the outlet temperature T h,out of the cooled fluid.
Cold
4 Fundamental principles 55
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56 4 Fundamental principles
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5 Experiments
5 Experiments 57
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· ·
Experiment HE Flow V c ,V h SP(T7 )
direction
Key: ltr/min °C
HE: Heat exchanger V1-01 01 PF 0,7 70
PF: Parallel flow V2-01 01 PF 1,4 70
CF: Counter flow V3-01 01 PF 2,1 70
·
Vc : Cold water flow rate V4-01 01 CF 1,4 70
·
Vh : Hot water flow rate V5-01 01 CF 1,4 45
V7-02 02 PF 1,4 70
V8-02 02 CF 1,4 70
V9-03 03 PF 1,4 70
V10-03 03 CF 1,4 70
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· · ·
Experi- HE Flow V c ,V h SP(T7 T1 T3 T4 T6 km Qm
ment direction
ltr/min °C °C °C °C kW/(m²K) kW
V1-01 01 PF 0,7 70 67,0 51,1 15,6 31,5 0,93 0,76
Tab. 5.2 Parameters for experiments V1-01 to V10-03, with measured and calculated values added
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Experiment aim 1,
comparison of parallel flow and counter flow
operation. Heat transmission and representa-
tion of temperature curves.
The comparison is made using the example of the
WL 110.02 Plate Heat Exchanger. Experiments
V7-02 (parallel flow) and V8-02 (counter flow) are
included.
The following temperature curves were produced
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5 Experiments 67
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T1
T3
T6
T4
Fig. 5.1 Temperature curve for experiment V7-02, WL 110.02, parallel flow
T1
T6
T3
T4
Fig. 5.2 Temperature curve for experiment V8-02, WL 110.02, counter flow
68 5 Experiments
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Experiment aim 2,
Investigation of heat transmission when
changing the cold water and hot water flow
rates.
The comparison is made using the example of the
WL 110.01 Tubular Heat Exchanger in parallel
flow mode. The experiments V1-01, V2-01 and
V3-01 are analysed.
Fig. 5.3 shows the dependency of the mean
coefficient of heat transfer km on the flow rates for
· ·
cold water ( V c ) and hot water ( V h ).
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2,0
km
1,8
1,6
·
1,4 k m V
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 · 2,2
V
Fig. 5.3 Mean coefficient of heat transfer km as a function of cold water and hot water
flow rates, for experiments V1-01, V2-01 and V3-01
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Experiment aim 3,
Investigation of heat transmission when
changing the hot water temperature.
The comparison is made using the example of the
WL 110.01 Tubular Heat Exchanger in counter
flow mode. The experiments V4-01, V5-01 and
V6-01 are analysed.
The table below supplements the data from
Tab. 5.2, Page 66. In addition to the measured
values, the following calculated values are also
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set out:
• T max as defined in Formula (4.26), Page 56,
here T3 -T4
• T min as defined in Formula (4.27), Page 56,
here T1 -T6
• T lm as defined in Formula (4.12), Page 51.
·
• Mean heat flow Q m , from measured value file.
·
Experiment SP(T7 ) T1 T3 T4 T6 T max T min T lm Qm
°C °C °C °C °C °C °C °C kW
V4-01 70 67,1 54,4 15,3 29,5 39,1 37,6 38,3 1,31
Tab. 5.3 Parameters and measured values for experiments V4-01 to V6-01,
calculated values for experiment aim 3 added
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· 1,4
Qm
1,2
1,0
·
0,8 Q m T lm
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
T lm
·
Fig. 5.4 Mean heat flow Q m as a function of T lm
for experiments V4-01, V5-01 and V6-01
·
The equation states that Q m changes proportion-
ally to T lm if km and Am are constant.
Am is constant here as these three experiments
were performed with the same heat exchanger
km should actually also be largely constant. This
is generally the case in experiment V4-01 with
2
km =1,37 and in V5-01 with km =1,30 kW m K .
However, in experiment V6-01
2
km =1,68 kW m K differs significantly.
72 5 Experiments
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Experiment aim 4,
Comparison of heat transmission for the dif-
ferent heat exchanger types.
Comments and evaluation:
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Page 76).
3. Set the main switch (item 35 in Fig. 3.12,
Page 19) to „1“.
4. Check the water level in the hot water tank
(B) (see Fig. 3.6, Page 15).
– If the hot water tank (B) is empty: Add
water until the low level is reached (level
switch LSL1 trips and the low water warn-
ing lamp (item 29 in Fig. 3.12, Page 19)
goes out. Then add 0,5ltr of water with a
beaker.
– If the hot water tank (B) is filled but with an
unknown volume above the low level:
Partially drain the hot water tank (B) (see
Fig. 3.8, Page 16) until the low level is
reached (level switch LSL1 trips and the
low water warning lamp lights up). Then
add 0,5ltr of water with a beaker.
5. Start the PC. Start the data acquisition pro-
gram.
6. Fully open the regulator valve for hot water V1
(9).
5 Experiments 77
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78 5 Experiments
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Fig. 5.8 Measured value time response for WL 110.04, batch mode, with heating jacket
5 Experiments 79
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80 5 Experiments
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
6 Appendix
Dimensions:
Length x Width x Height: Approx. 1000 x 700 x 600 mm
Weight: Approx. 52 kg
Connection values:
Electrical supply 230 V / 50 Hz
Rated consumption (power) Approx. 3,2 kW
All rights reserved, G.U.N.T. Gerätebau, Barsbüttel, Germany 06/2016
Temperature measurement:
Type: Pt100
Measuring range: 0...100 °C
6 Appendix 81
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82 6 Appendix
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Dimensions:
All rights reserved, G.U.N.T. Gerätebau, Barsbüttel, Germany 06/2016
Temperature measurement:
Type: Pt100
Measuring range: 0...100 °C
6 Appendix 83
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Dimensions:
Length x Width x Height: Approx. 400 x 230 x 85 mm
Weight: Approx. 3 kg
84 6 Appendix
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Dimensions:
Length x Width x Height: Approx. 400 x 230 x 110 mm
Weight: Approx. 3 kg
6 Appendix 85
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Dimensions:
Length x Width x Height: Approx. 400 x 230 x 400 mm
Weight: Approx. 8 kg
Temperature measurement:
Type: Pt100
Measuring range: 0...100 °C
86 6 Appendix
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Abbreviation Meaning
PF Parallel flow
CF Counter flow
SP Setpoint
HE Heat exchanger
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6 Appendix 87
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
m Mass g, kg
·
m Flow rate g/s
Q Amount of heat J, kJ
·
Q Heat flow, general W, kW
t Time min, s
T Temperature °C, K
V Volume ltr, m³
·
V Flow rate ltr/min
2
Coefficient of heat transfer kW m K
Thermal conductivity kW m K
Density kg/ltr
88 6 Appendix
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Suffix Explanation
c Cold
h Hot
in Inlet
lm Logarithmic mean
m Mean
max Maximum
min Minimum
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out Outlet
p Partition
6 Appendix 89
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
Symbol Name
Centrifugal pump
Tank, general
Heating or cooling
Fittings
Regulator valve
Flow line
Function line
Controller
Coupling
90 6 Appendix
E N E R GY & E N V I R O N M E NT
7 Index
A
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Actual value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Amount of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
B
Baffle plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Batch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
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C
Coefficient of heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Control and display panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Counter flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 47, 67
Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Cross counter flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Cross flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 47
Cross parallel flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
D
Data acquisition program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Direct heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Drainage pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
E
Embossing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Experiment series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
F
Flow breaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Flow direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
G
General view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7 Index 91
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H
Heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Heat flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Heat transfer resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Heat transition coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Heat transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 69, 73
Heating coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 36
Help function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Hot water heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Hot water pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
I
Indirect heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Inner tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
J
Jacketed heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
L
Level switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Logarithmic mean temperature difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 56
M
Mean coefficient of heat transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 70
Measured data record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Measured value file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 65
Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
O
Outer jacket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Outer shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Outer tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
P
Parallel flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 47, 67
Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Plate heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 67, 74
Plate package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Process schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
92 7 Index
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S
Sealed plate heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Series connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Service unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Shell and tube heat exchanger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Shell area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 32
Stirrer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88, 90
T
Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
All rights reserved, G.U.N.T. Gerätebau, Barsbüttel, Germany 06/2016
W
Wall thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Water Chiller for WL 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Water connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Water quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
WL 110 series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 Index 93
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94 7 Index