Hapter: Think & Discuss

mcrbg-0401-sk.
qxd 6-14-2001 11:25 AM Page 61
CHAPTER 4
Think & Discuss (p. 191) Drawing Conclusions

1. right angle 1. The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a trian-
gle is 180.
2. BAC and EDF, BDC and EGF appear to be acute
and congruent. ABD and DEG appear to be obtuse 2. The measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of the
and congruent. measures of the interior angles that are not adjacent to it.
3. Subtract the sum of the measures of the two interior angles
Skill Review (p. 192) from 180 to find the measure of the third interior angle.
1. 180 90 x 60 4.1 Guided Practice (p. 198)

180 90 60 x 1.
30 x
1
2. 6 2x 2 3. 2x 4x 6
6 2 2x 0 4x 2x 6 2 3
4 2x 6 2x
2x 3x 2. hypotenuse 3. PRQ 4. base 5. PR, RS
4. 180 30 2x 5. 90 3x 90 6. acute isosceles 7. right scalene
150 2x 180 3x 8. equiangular or acute, equilateral or isosceles
75 x 60 x 9. 180 25 (2x)
6. 3x 27 6x 155 2x
9x 27 77.5 x; 77.5°, 77.5°
x3
4.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 198–201)
7. 8.
10. B 11. E 12. A 13. D 14. F 15. C
135°
30° 16. acute isosceles 17. right isosceles 18. obtuse scalene
19. right scalene 20. obtuse isosceles 21. acute scalene
9.
22. sometimes 23. sometimes 24. always 25. always
26. never
72°
27. Ex. 17; legs are DE and DF, hypotenuse is EF
10. Vertical Angles Theorem
Ex. 19; legs are RP and RQ, hypotenuse is PQ
11. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
28. Ex. 16; legs are CA and CB, base is AB
12. Corresponding Angles Postulate
Ex. 17; legs are DE and DF, base is EF
Developing Concepts (p. 193) Ex. 20; legs are VT and VU, base is TU
Exploring the Concept
Ex. 17 has a base that is also the hypotenuse of a right
Interior Angles triangle.
3. The sum of the measures of the interior angles is 180°. 29. The right angle must be at A or B. Since the placement
indicates it is not at A, C is directly above B and so the
Exploring the Concept x-coordinate of C is 5. The length of AB is 3, so 3 is
added to the y-coordinate of B so the y-coordinate of C is
Exterior Angles 5. The coordinates of C are (5, 5)
7. The measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of
y
the measures of the nonadjacent interior angles.
C(5, 5)
1 A(2, 2) B(5, 2)
1 x
Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 61

All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Worked-out Solution Key
mcrbg-0401-sk.qxd 6-14-2001 11:25 AM Page 62
Chapter 4 continued
30. There are 3 different possibilities for point D; they are: 39. Exterior angle (180 x)°
a. 3 units above A making D2, 5 2x 21 x 90
b. 3 units below A making D2, 1 3x 21 90
c. 3 units below B making D5, 1 3x 111
y D(2, 5) x 37
180 x 143
B(5, 2)
A(2, 2) 40. Sample answer: To demonstrate the sum Thm., draw a
1 , measure its three interior angles, and verify that their
1 x sum is 180°. To demonstrate the Ext. ∠ Thm., extend one
D(2, 1) D(5, 1) side of the triangle to form an exterior angle, measure
the exterior angle and its two remote interior angles, and
31. m1 180 90 42 48 verify that the measure of the exterior angle equals the
32. m1 180 90 40 50 sum of the measures of the two remote interior angles.
41. mP mQ mR 180
2 is a vertical angle with the given 40 angle so
m2 40 . 36 5x x 180
m3 180 95 40 45 6x 144
33. m1 180 45 56 79 x 24
The sum of 56 and the measures of 1 and 2 is 180 mR x° 24°, mQ 5x° 120°
so m2 180 79 56 51. 42. x x 120
m3 180 90 51 39 2x 120
34. x 2x 2x 15 180 x 60
5x 15 180 The angles will have measure 60, 60 and 60.
5x 165 43. Yes; the total length needed is 3 33.5, or 100.5 cm.
x 33 44.
mA x 33, mB 2x 66, 20 cm
mC 2x 15 81; acute

3 3
x x
35. x 7x x 180 5 5
9x 180 x
x 20 3 3
5x 5x x 88 20
mR mT x 20, mS 7x 140; obtuse 11
5 x 68
36. x 15 2x 165 90 3
x 30.9 5
x 18.5
3x 180 90 : 3x 270 : x 90
about 18.5 cm 31 cm 18.5 cm
mW x 15 75, mY 2x 165 15;
45. MN and LN are the legs; ML is the hypotenuse.
right
46. Angle N is a right angle so the measures of the other two
37. 2x 8 x 31
angles will add up to 90. The measure of the down-
2x x 39 stream angle should range from 60° to 45°.
x 39 47.
2x 8 70 Statements Reasons
38. 10x 9 38 7x 1 4. mA mB 3. Linear Pair Postulate
10x 30 7x mACB 180
3x 30 5. Substitution property of
equality
x 10
6. Subtraction property of equality
(10x 9)° 109°
62 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Chapter 4 Worked-out Solution Key All rights reserved.
Chapter 4 continued
48. 60. y 2 0x 0 61. y 7 x 4
Statements Reasons y20 yx3
1. mA mB 1. Triangle Sum Theorem y 2
m C 180 62. y 5 x 3 63. y 1 3 x 9
2
2. C is a right angle. 2. Given

y 5 x 3 y 1 23x 6
3. mC 90 3. Definition of right angle
y x 8 y 23x 7
4. mA mB 90 4. Substitution
64. y 1 4 x 1 65. y 3 2 x 2
3 7
180 y 1 34x 34 y 3 72x 7

5. mA mB 90 5. Subtraction property of 3 1
y 4x 4 y 72x 10
equality
67. y 3 2 x 8
3
66. y 2 0x 5
6. A and B are 6. Definition of
complementary. complementary angles y20 y 3 32x 12
49. 2x 5 x 7 y2 y 32x 15

3x 6
1
x 12 68. y 4
The length of each leg is 12 7 19. y4 13x 2
The length of the base is 50 19 19 12. y 13x 6
C
Lesson 4.2
50. B
51. 4.2 Guided Practice (p. 205)
Statements Reasons 1. K S
↔
1. Construct PS parallel 1. Given a line and a point P,
↔ L T
to QR. not on the line, there is J R
exactly one line through
Corresponding angles: J and R, K and S,
the point that is parallel to
L and T
the line.
2. m1 m5 m4 2. Angle Addition Postulate
Corresponding sides: KL and ST, JK and RS, JL and RT
180 and definition of straight 2. Third Angle Theorems
angle 3. No; corresponding sides are not congruent.
3. 5 2 3. Alternate interior angles 4. 105 5. 45 6. 30 7. 30 8. MN 9. PR
theorem
4. 4 3 4. Corresponding angles 4.2 Practice and Applications (pp. 206–209)
postulate
10. T 11. CA 12. CAB 13. UV 14. T; 66
5. m 5 m 2, 5. Definition of congruent
15. B, C, D
m 4 m 3 angles
16. ABD CDB; BD BD by the Reflexive Property
6. m1 m2 m3 6. Substitution property of
180 equality of Congruence so the triangles are congruent by the
definition of congruence.
4.1 Mixed Review (p. 201) 17. FGH JKH; FHG JHK by the Vertical
Angles Theorem, so the triangles are congruent by the
52. true 53. true 54. false 55. false 56. true definition of congruence.
57. yes; Alternate Interior Angles Converse 18. ABCD PSRQ; definition of congruence.
58. yes; Alternate Exterior Angles Converse 19. VWXYZ MNJKL; definition of congruence.
59. yes; Corresponding Angles Converse
20. EFJK HJFG; in a plane, if two lines are perpendicular
to the same line, then the lines are parallel to each other,
so EG KH, so EFJ HJF and KJF GFJ by
the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem. FJ FJ by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence, so the trapezoids are
congruent by the definition of congruence.

Chapter 4 continued
21. LKR NMQ; LR and NQ are congruent by the Addi- 31. mADB mCDA mCDB since the angles are
tion property of equality, the Segment Addition Postulate, corresponding parts of congruent triangles. Each measure
and the definition of congruence and NQM LRK must equal 13 of 360, which is 120.
by the Third Angles Theorem, so the triangles are con- 32. mBDC mDBC mDCB 180 by the Triangle
gruent by the definition of congruence. LKQS NMRS; Sum Theorem
LSQ NSR by the vertical angles theorem and
KQS MRS by the Congruent Supplements 120 x x 180
Theorem, so the quadrilaterals are congruent by the 120 2x 180
definition of congruence. 2x 60
22. G K, F J, JHK FHG; FG JK, x 30
GH KH, FH JH.
mDBC mDCB 30
23. 3 pairs of angles are congruent because of the Third
33. The measure of each of the congruent angles in each
Angles Theorem. It cannot be determined whether the
small triangle is 30. By the Angle Addition Postulate,
triangles are congruent because no corresponding
the measure of each angle of ABC is 60.
congruent sides are shown.
34. Transitive Property of Congruent Triangles
24. 10x 65 135
10x 70 35.
x7 Statements Reasons
4y 4 28 2. mA mD, 1. Given

mB mE 2. Definition of congruent angles
4y 32
7. C F 3. Triangle Sum Theorem
y8
4. Substitution property of equality or
25. 4a 4 48 transitive property of equality
4a 52 5. Substitution property of equality
a 13 6. Subtraction property of equality
5b 3 62 36. Yes; when the paper is folded, EB and AB coincide, as do
5b 65 EF and AF.
b 13 37. ABF and EBF; BF BF by the Reflexive Property
26. mN 180 142 24 14 of Congruence, and A and BEF are congruent by the
Third Angles Theorem, so the triangles are congruent by
2x 50 14 the definition of congruence.
2x 64 38. Sample answer: BE BE by the Reflexive Property of
x 32 Congruence; GEB FEB because they are both right
27. mS 40
angles since BD FG; FBE GBE by the defini-
tion of angle bisector; EFB EGB by the Third
mU 180 80 40 60 Angles Theorem; EF EG by the definition of segment
5m 60 bisector; since it is given that BF BG, FEB GEB
by the definition of congruence.
m 12
39. a and b. They are corresponding parts of congruent
28. mB 180 90 35 55
figures.
3s 20 55
c. Linear Pair Postulate and Congruent Supplements
3s 75 Theorem
s 25 d. They are both right angles because GE BD. All
29. mY 180 50 78 52 right angles are congruent.
4
52 e. Yes; BGE DGE by the Third Angles Theorem
5 r
and GE GE by the Reflexive Property of
4r 260
Congruence. With the given and parts (a)–(d), all cor-
r 65 responding parts are congruent, so BEG DEG
30. AB, BC and AC are corresponding sides of congruent by the definition of congruent triangles.
triangles and are congruent. ABC is equilateral by defi-
nition.

Chapter 4 continued
40. D G C 53. m1 m2 90
45° 67.5°
8 m2 90
67.5°
E m2 82
45° 54. m1 m2 90
F 67.5°
73 m2 90
67.5° 22.5°
m2 17
55. m1 m2 90
A B
22.5° 62 m2 90
4.2 Mixed Review (p. 209) m2 28

2 1 3
41. d
3 12 8 42 56. Slope of Line 1:
1 3 4

16 144
1 2 3

160 Slope of Line 2:
62 4
4
10 The lines are parallel.
42. d
3 13 8 7
2 2
3 2 5
57. Slope of Line 1:

256 225 3 1 2

481 3 1 4
Slope of Line 2: 2
43. d
2 32 6 52
24 2

25 1 The lines are not parallel.

26 Quiz 1 (p. 210)
44. d
0 52 5 22
1. acute isosceles

25 9
2. acute isosceles

34
3. obtuse scalene
45. d
0 92 4 22
4. 16x 20 77 7x 6

81 36
9x 63

117
x7
3
13
mE 77 6 55; mF 77;
46. d
7 02 2 92 mEDF 180 77 55 48;

49 121 mCDF 167 20 132

170 5. MNP QPN; M and Q, MNP and QPN,
MPN and QNP, MN and QP, NP and PN,
47. M 1 2 3, 5 29 2, 2 MP and QN
6. Since PNQ and NPM are congruent,
5 1 7 4
48. M
2
,
2
2, 5
1
2 mNPM 27. By the Triangle Sum Theorem,
mMNP 180 46 27 107.
49. M 62 8, 22 2 1, 0 Math & History
50. M 0 26, 72 4 3, 121 1. 63 x x 180

2x 180 63
12 8 0 6
51. M
2
, 2
10, 3 2x 117
x 58.5
5 0 7 4
52. M 2
,
2
1

2 , 1
2
1
2 58.5, 58.5; acute isosceles

Chapter 4 continued
Developing Concepts Activity 4.3 (p. 211) 22.

1. Statements Reasons
2. Check students' work and drawings. You 1. AB CD, AB CD 1. Given
3. should notice that step 4 is impossible to do. 2. 1 2 2. Alternate Interior Angles
4. Theorem

5. 3. AC AC 3. Reflexive Property of
6. Check students' work and drawings. You Congruence
7. should notice that step 8 is impossible to do. 4. ABC CDA 4. SAS Congruence Postulate
8.
→
23. It is given that SP TP and that PQ bisects SPT. Then
Drawing Conclusions by the definition of angle bisector, SPQ TPQ.
PQ PQ by the Reflexive Property of Congruence, so
1. All triangles made with three pencils appear to be
SPQ TPQ by the SAS Congruence Postulate.
congruent. All triangles made with three pencils and a
45 angle appear to be congruent. 24. It is given that PT RT and QT ST. PTQ RTS
by Vertical Angles Theorem. Then PQT RST by
2. the length of the third side or the measure of the angle
SAS Congruence Postulate.
between the sides whose lengths are known
25.
Lesson 4.3 Statements Reasons

1. AC BC; M is the 1. Given
4.3 Guided Practice (p. 216)
midpoint of AB.
1. Sample answer: This triangle C 2. AM MB 2. Definition of midpoint
has sides AC and CB with
included angle C. 3. CM CM 3. Reflexive Property of
Congruence
2. The congruent angles are not A B
the angles included between 4. ACM BCM 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
the congruent sides.
26.
3. yes; SAS Congruence Postulate
Statements Reasons
4. not enough information
1. BC AE, BD AD, 1. Given
5. yes; SSS Congruence Postulate DE DC
2. BD AD, DE DC 2. Definition of congruent
4.3 Practice and Applications (pp. 216–219)
segments
6. JKL 7. LKP 8. KLP 9. KJL 10. JLK 3. BD DE AD DC 3. Addition property of
11. KPL 12. not enough information equality
13. yes; SAS Congruence Postulate 4. BD DE BE, 4. Segment Addition Postulate
14. yes; SSS Congruence Postulate
AD DC AC
5. BE AC 5. Substitution property
15. yes; SAS Congruence Postulate
6. BE AC 6. Definition of congruent
16. not enough information
segments
17. yes; SSS Congruence Postulate
7. AB AB 7. Reflexive Property of
18. AB CD Congruence
19. ACB CED 8. ABC BAE 8. SSS Congruence Postulate
20. (1) Given; (2) Given; (3) Reflexive Property of
Congruence; (4) SSS Congruence Postulate 27. Since it is given that PA PB PC and AB BC,
PAB PBC by the SSS Congruence Postulate.
21.
28. It is given that CR CS and that QC is perpendicular to
Statements Reasons
both CR and CS. If two lines are perpendicular, they
1. NP QN RS TR, 1. Given intersect to form four right angles, so QCR and QCS
PQ ST are right angles. By the Right Angle Congruence
2. NPQ RST 2. SSS Congruence Postulate Theorem, QCR QCS. By the Reflexive Property of
Congruence, QC QC. Then QCR QCS by the
SAS Congruence Postulate.

Chapter 4 continued
29. The new triangle and the original triangle are congruent. 41. m2 57 Vertical Angles Theorem
30. Sample answer: The cross pieces form triangles which are m1 180 m2 123
rigid, ensuring that the supports keep their shape. Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem
31. Sample answer: The struts that go from the body of the 42. m1 180 129 51 Linear Pair Postulate
plane to the wing form triangles, making the wing
m2 m1 51
structure rigid.
(Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem)
32. The activity on p. 213 demonstrates how to copy a
43. m1 90 Corresponding Angles Postulate
triangle. Use this technique to duplicate your isosceles
triangle. The duplicate will be congruent to the original. m2 90Alternate Interior Angles Theorem or
Note, however, that the same compass setting will be used Vertical Angles Theorem.
to construct the legs of the triangle. ↔ 3 2 5
44. Slope of AC ,
33. AB ED 2, CB EF 4, 1 2 3
AC
2 02 4 02
4 16
20 2
5 ↔ 1 2 3
slope of BD ,
DF
5 3 4 0
2 2
4 16
20 2
5 3 2 5
↔ ↔
AC DF 2
5, so all three pairs of sides are congruent so AC BD.
and ABC DEF by the SSS Congruence Postulate. ↔ 2 2
45. Slope of EF 2,
34. AC DF 2, CB EF 3 2 0
AB
3 02 3 12
9 4
13 ↔ 1 1
slope of GH 2,
23
DE
0 22 6 32
4 9
13 ↔ ↔
so EF GH.
AB DE
13, so all three pairs of sides are congruent
and ABC DEF by the SSS Congruence Postulate. ↔ 42 2
46. Slope of QR ,
35. AB DE 3,
14 3
↔ 41 3
AC
2 12 4 12
1 9
10 slope of PQ ,
1 1 2
DF
5 42 6 32
1 9
10 ↔ ↔
so QR PQ.
BC
2 42 4 12
4 9
13
EF
2 42 6 32
4 9
13
Lesson 4.4
AC DF
10 and BC EF
13, so all three
pairs of sides are congruent and ABC DEF by the 4.4 Guided Practice (p. 223)
SSS Congruence Postulate.
1. SSS Congruence Postulate, SAS Congruence Postulate,
36. C 37. B ASA Congruence Postulate, and AAS Congruence
38. To show PMO PMN using the SSS Congruence Theorem. The AAS Congruence Theorem is a theorem
Postulate, the Distance Formula could be used to find the because it is proved, rather than accepted without proof
lengths of OM, MN, OP, and PN and show that like a postulate is.
OP NP and OM NM. The triangles share side PM, 2. Yes; ASA Congruence Postulate; two pairs of
and PM PM. The pairs of congruent sides can be used corresponding angles and the corresponding included
with the SSS Congruence Postulate to show triangle sides are congruent.
congruence. However, to use SAS, you must show
3. Yes; AAS Congruence Theorem; two pairs of
OMP and NMP are right angles. To do so, you should
corresponding angles and corresponding nonincluded
find the slope of MP and ON and show that they are neg-
sides are congruent.
ative reciprocals of each other so PM ⊥ ON . Then show
right angles OMP and NMP are congruent, 4. No; two pairs of angles are congruent, which is
OM NM, and PM PM, so PMO PMN by the insufficient to prove two triangles are congruent.
SAS Congruence Postulate. Preferences may vary, but the 5. AB DE 6. A D
SAS method involves more computations and mathemati-
7. By the Right Angle Congruence Theorem, B D.
cal knowledge.
Since AD BC, CAD ACB by the Alternate
4.3 Mixed Review (p. 219)
Interior Angles Theorem. By the Reflexive Property of
Congruence, AC AC, so ACD CAB by the AAS
39. Sample answer: The measure of each of the angles formed Congruence Theorem. Then all three pairs of
by two adjacent “spokes” is about 60. corresponding sides are congruent; that is they have the
40. Sample answer: The measure of each of the angles formed same length. So, AB BC CA CD DA AC
by two adjacent sides of a cell in a honeycomb is about 120. and the two courses are the same length.

Chapter 4 continued
4.4 Practice and Applications (pp. 223–226) two angles and the length of a nonincluded side are
known and only one such triangle is possible.
8. Yes; ASA Congruence Postulate; two pairs of
corresponding angles and the corresponding included 24. Assuming that all three streets can be represented by
sides are congruent. straight segments, a surveyor needs to measure the
bearing of Ellis Avenue with respect to Green Street
9. Yes; SAS Congruence Postulate; two pairs of
(which would give a unique triangle by the AAS
corresponding sides and the corresponding included
Congruence Theorem) or Plain Street (which would give
angles are congruent.
a unique triangle by the SAS Congruence Postulate or the
10. Yes; AAS Congruence Theorem; two pairs of ASA Congruence Postulate). The length of the portion of
corresponding angles and the corresponding nonincluded Green Street between Plain Street and Ellis Avenue could
sides are congruent. also be measured, giving a unique triangle by the SAS
11. No; two pairs of corresponding sides are congruent and Congruence Postulate or the SSS Congruence Postulate.
corresponding nonincluded angles EGF and JGH are 25. Elm tree
congruent by the Vertical Angles Theorem; that is
insufficient to prove triangle congruence.
35° 50°
12. No; two pairs of corresponding sides are congruent and Oak tree Boulder
250 yd
corresponding nonincluded angles K and Q are con-
Yes; the measures of two angles and the length of the
gruent; that is insufficient to prove triangle congruence.
included side are known and only one such triangle is
13. Yes; SSS Congruence Postulate; XY XY by the possible.
Reflexive Property of Congruence, so all three pairs of
26. y
corresponding sides are congruent.
4
14. R U 15. P S 16. PR SU B(3, 3)
A(0, 3)
17. QR TU
1 1
(
C 12 , 1 2 )
18. (1) Given; (2) Given; (3) W W; D(0, 0) E(3, 0)
1 1 x
(4) AAS Congruence Theorem
19.
Sample answer: ABC EDC because, since C is the
Statements Reasons midpoint of AE and BD (from the midpoint formula),
1. GF GL, FH LK 1. Given AC CE, BC CD, and ACB DCE (Vertical
Angles Theorem). The congruence follows from the SAS
2. F L, H K 2. Alternate Interior Angles
Congruence Postulate.
Theorem
27. y
3. FGH LGK 3. AAS Congruence Theorem
Q(3, 6) R(5, 6)
20.
Statements Reasons
P(3, 2) S(5, 2)
1. AB AD, DE AD 1. Given
1
2. A and D are right 2. If two lines are perpendicular,
1 x
angles then they form four right
angles.
PQR RSP since they are both right angles, and
3. A D 3. All right angles are congruent. since QR PS, PRQ RPS by the Alternate Interior
4. ACB DCE 4. Vertical Angles Theorem Angles Theorem. QR SP 2, so QR SP. Then two
pairs of corresponding angles and a pair of included sides
5. BC EC 5. Given
are congruent, so PQR RSP by the ASA
6. ABC DEC 6. AAS Congruence Theorem Congruence Postulate.
21. It is given that VX XY, XW YZ, and that XW YZ. 28. SAS Congruence Postulate
Then, VXW Y by the Corresponding Angles
29. a. AB AB, ABC ABD, BAC BAD
Postulate and VXW XYZ by the SAS Congruence
Postulate. b. ASA Congruence Postulate
22. It is given that TQS RSQ and R T. By the c. By parts (a) and (b), ABC ABD, so BC BD
Reflexive Property of Congruence, QS QS. Then since they are corresponding sides of congruent
TQS RSQ by the AAS Congruence Theorem. triangles. That is, the distance across the stream is the
same as BD.
23. Yes; two sides of the triangle are north-south and east-
west lines, which are perpendicular, so the measures of

Chapter 4 continued
30. Since only the pair of corresponding sides MQ and MQ 5. No; ZB ZB by the Reflexive Property of Congruence, so
are known to be congruent, Alicia would have to use the two pairs of corresponding sides are congruent; that is
ASA Congruence Postulate or the AAS Congruence insufficient to prove triangle congruence.
Theorem. In the first case, she would need to know that 6. Yes; AAS Congruence Theorem; STR VTU by the
NMQ PQM and NQM PMQ. In the second Vertical Angles Theorem, so two pairs of corresponding
case, she would need to know that either N P and angles and corresponding nonincluded sides are
NQM PMQ or that N P and congruent.
NMQ PQM. None of the necessary congruences
can be deduced from the postulates and theorems 7.
concerning parallel lines and transversals. Statements Reasons
31. It is given that XMQ XQM and N P. 1. M is the midpoint of NL, 1. Given
MQ MQ by the Reflexive Property of Congruence, so NL NQ, NL MP,
MNQ QPM by the AAS Congruence Theorem. QM PL.
5x 7y 2. N and PML are 2. If two lines are
32. 1 0
2 2 right angles perpendicular, they form
5 x 2 7y0 four right angles.
x 7 y 7 3. N PML 3. Right Angle Congruence

Theorem
7, 7
4. NM ML 4. Definition of midpoint
0x 9y
33. 6 2 5. QMN PLM 5. Corresponding Angles
2 2
Postulate
x 12 9 y 4
6. NQM MPL 6. ASA Congruence Postulate
y 13
12, 13 Activity 4.4 (p. 228)
8x 5 y 1. Answers will vary, but BH BG.

34. 1 3
2 2 2. Answers will vary.
8 x 2 5 y 6 3. AB and AB, BG and BH
x 10 y 1 4. BAG and BAH
10, 1 5. ABG and ABH provide a counterexample.
35. mDBC 42 and mABC 84 Extension
36. mABD mDBC 27.5 It is possible to have two noncongruent triangles in which
37. mABD 75 and mABC 150 three angles of one are congruent to three angles of the other.
Consider the following drawings which demonstrate that there
38. Corresponding Angles Converse
is no AAA Congruence Postulate or Theorem:
Quiz 2 (p. 227) 5m
9m
1. Yes; SAS Congruence Postulate; BD BD, by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence, so two pairs of corre-
sponding sides and the corresponding included angles are
congruent.
2. Yes; SSS Congruence Postulate; SQ SQ by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence, so three pairs of cor-
responding sides are congruent.
3. No; two pairs of corresponding sides and one pair of cor-
responding nonincluded angles are congruent; that is
insufficient to prove triangle congruence.
4. Yes; ASA Congruence Postulate; MK MK by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence, so two pairs of corre-
sponding angles and the corresponding included sides are
congruent.

Chapter 4 continued
Lesson 4.5 14.
4.5 Guided Practice (p. 232) Statements Reasons

6. BAC DBE 2. Definition of midpoint
1. PSQ and RSQ or PTQ and RTQ
5. Corresponding Angles Postulate
2. Yes; prove that PQS RSQ or PQR RSP by
ASA to get PQ RS. Therefore PQT RST by the 7. Corresp. parts of
s are .
ASA Congruence Postulate. 15.
3. Sample answer: A, G, C, F, E, B, D Statements Reasons
Statements Reasons 3. CF CF 1. Given
1. QS RP 1. Given 6. AFB EFD 2. Given
2. PTS and RTS 2. If two lines are perpendicular, 4. AAS Congruence Theorem
are right angles then they form four right angles.
5. Corresp. parts of
s are .
3. PTS RTS 3. Right Angle Congruence Theorem
7. ASA Congruence Postulate
4. TS TS 4. Reflexive Property of Congruence
16.
5. PT RT 5. Given
Statements Reasons
6. PTS RTS 6. SAS Congruence Postulate
1. L is the midpoint of JN, 1. Given
7. PS RS 7. Corresp. parts of
s are .
PJ QN, PL QL,
PKJ and QMN
4.5 Practice and Applications (pp. 232–235) are right angles.
4. NUP and PUQ are both isosceles, so UN UP UQ. 2. PKJ QMN 2. Right Angle Congruence
Since NP and PQ are also congruent, NUP PUQ by Theorem
the SSS Congruence Postulate.
3. LJ LN 3. Definition of midpoint
5. You can use the method in the answer to Exercise 4 to
4. PLJ QLN 4. SSS Congruence Postulate
show that QUR PUQ, so by the Transitive Property
of Congruent Triangles, NUP QUR. You could 5. J N 5. Corresponding parts of
instead use the Transitive Property of Congruence to show congruent triangles are
that UN UP UQ UR. congruent.
6. Yes; the procedure from Exercise 5 can be used to prove 6. PKJ QMN 6. AAS Congruence Theorem
that any of the triangles is congruent to NUP. The
17.
Transitive Property of Congruent Triangles can then be
used to show all the triangles are congruent. Statements Reasons
7. UNP UPQ by Exercise 4. Since corresponding parts 1. UR ST, R and 1. Given

of congruent triangles are congruent, UNP UPQ. T are right angles
8. AAS Congruence Theorem; if MNL QPL, then 2. R T 2. Right Angle Congruence Thm.
ML QL because corresponding parts of congruent 3. RUS TSU 3. Alternate Interior Angles
triangles are congruent. Theorem
9. SSS Congruence Postulate, if STV UVT, then 4. US US 4. Reflexive Property of
STV UVT because correponding parts of congruent Congruence
triangles are congruent.
5. RSU TUS 5. AAS Congruence Theorem
10. Sample answer: Since JK MN, we know J M. The
6. RSU TUS 6. Corresp. parts of
s are .
triangles are therefore congruent by the SAS Congruence
Postulate. If JKL MNL, then KL NL because cor- 18. It is given that BD bisects AC, so AD DC by the
responding parts of congruent triangles are congruent. definition of a segment bisector. We also know by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence that BD BD. Since
11. Since AGD FHC, their corresponding parts are con-
all right angles are congruent, BDA BDC.
gruent, and GD HC.
Therefore, BDA BDC by the SAS Congruence
12. Since BFC ECF, their corresponding parts are con- Postulate. In a right triangle, the two acute angles are
gruent, and CBH FEH. complementary, so mABD mBAD 90. Since
13. Since EDA BCF, their corresponding parts are con- corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent,
gruent, and AE FB. we know BAD BCD, or mBAD mBCD, so
by substitution, mABD mBCD 90. That is,
ABD and BCD are complementary.

Chapter 4 continued
19. It is given that AB AC and BD CD. By the 4.5 Mixed Review (p. 235)
Reflexive Property of Congruence, AD AD. So, 25. P 255 230 170 m
ACD ABD by the SSS Congruence Postulate. A 5530 1650 m2.
Then, since corresponding parts of congruent triangles
→ 26. P 43.5 30.8 53.3 127.6 m
are congruent, CAD BAD. Then by definition, AD
bisects C. A 1230.843.5 669.9 m2
20. S 27. P 212 75.36 cm
R
A 122 452.16 cm2
28. x 2 10
P Q
x 12 Addition property of equality
PR PQ
RS QS
Given PRS PQS RPS QPS PS bisects RPQ
SSS Congruence Corresp. parts of Def. of angle
PS PS Post. are . bisector
Reflexive
Prop. of Cong.
21. 29. x 11 21
B E
x 10 Subtraction property of equality
30. 9x 2 29
9x 27 Subtraction property of equality
A C D F
x 3 Division property of equality
AB AC DE DF, 31. 8x 13 3x 38
ABC DEF A D
BC EF
SSS Congruence Corresp. 5x 25 Subtraction property of equality
Given Post. parts of
are . x 5Division property of equality
32. 3x 1 16
22. A 23. D 3x 3 16 (Distributive property)
24. X 3x 19 (Addition property of equality)
3 Division property of equality

x 19
33. 62x 1 15 69
M
A B 62x 1 54Subtraction property of equality
2x 1 9Division property of equality
Y 2x 10Addition property of equality
Sample answer: It is given that AX, AY, BX, and BY are x 5Division property of equality
congruent. Also, AB AB by the Reflexive Property of 34. acute isosceles; legs: AC and BC, base: AB
Congruence, so AXB BYA by the SSS Congruence
35. right scalene; legs: MN and MP, hypotenuse: NP
Postulate. Then XAB YBA and AX BY because
they are corresponding parts of congruent triangles. Also 36. acute isosceles; legs: XZ and YZ, base: XY
XMA YMB by the Vertical Angles Theorem, so
AXM BYM by the AAS Congruence Theorem and
Lesson 4.6
corresponding parts AM and BM are congruent. Then M
is the midpoint of AB by definition. Developing Concepts Activity 4.6 (p. 236)
1., 2. Constructions will vary

3. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
1. Equilateral means all sides congruent, and equiangular

means all angles congruent.

Chapter 4 continued
2. mC 50 Base Angles Theorem, mB 80 24. 2x 140 180 25. x 60
Triangle Sum Theorem x 20 y 90 60 30
3. 5 cm Converse of the Base Angles Theorem 20 y 90
4. 60 Corollary to the Base Angles Theorem y 70
5. Yes; the hypotenuese and one leg of one right triangle are 26. GIVEN: B C; PROVE: AB AC
congruent to the hypotenuse and one leg of the other. →
Draw AD, the bisector of BAC. By construction,
6. No; both triangles are equiangular, but it cannot be deter- BAD CAD. It is given that B C, and
mined whether the sides of one triangle are congruent to AD AD by the Reflexive Property of Congruence.
the sides of the other. Then ABD ACD by AAS Congruence Theorem
7. No; it cannot be shown that ABC is equilateral. and AB AC because corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent.
4.6 Practice and Applications (pp. 239–242) 27. GIVEN: AB AC BC; PROVE: A B C
8. x 46, y 88 9. x 70, y 70 Since AB AC, B C by the Base Angles

Theorem. Since AB BC, A C by the Base
10. x 54, y 63
Angles Theorem. Then by the Transitive Property of
11. Yes; the triangles can be proved congruent using the SSS Congruence, A B C and ABC is
Congruence Postulate. equiangular.
12. No; there are two pairs of corresponding congruent sides, 28. GIVEN: A B C; PROVE: AB AC BC
but no angles can be shown to be congruent.
Since B C, AB AC by the Converse of the Base
13. Yes; the triangles can be proved congruent using the ASA Angles Theorem. Since A C, then BC AB by the
Congruence Postulate, the SSS Congruence Postulate, the Converse of the Base Angles Theorem. Then by the
SAS Congruence Postulate or the AAS Congruence Transitive Property of Congruence, AB AC BC and
Theorem. ABC is equilateral.
14. Yes; the triangles can be proved congruent using the SAS 29. ABD and CBD are congruent equilateral triangles, so
Congruence Postulate. AB CB and ABC is isosceles by definition.
15. Yes; the triangles can be proved congruent using the 30. BAE BCE by the Base Angles Theorem.
HL Congruence Theorem.
31. Since ABD and CBD are congruent equilateral
16. No; it cannot be shown that any of the sides of ABC triangles, AB BC and ABD CBD. By the Base
are congruent to any of the sides of DEF. Angles Theorem, BAE BCE. Then,
17. x 13 24 18. 2x 12 ABE CBE by the AAS Congruence Theorem.
Moreover, by the Linear Pair Postulate,
x 11 x6
mAEB mCEB 180. But AEB and CEB are
19. 8x 56 corresponding parts of congruent triangles, so they are
x7 congruent, that is mAEB mCEB. Then, by the
Substitution Property, 2mAEB 180 and
20. All triangles pictured are equilateral, so x 60 and mAEB 90. So, AEB and CEB are both right
y 60 angles, and AEB and CEB are congruent right
21. 2x 75 180 triangles.
2x 105 32. mBAE 30
x 52.5 33.
y 180 252.5 75 Statements Reasons
22. x° 40 40 180 1. D is the midpoint of 1. Given
x 100 CE, BCD and FED
are right angles.
y 140 Alternate Interior Angles Theorem.
2. BCD FED 2. Right Angle Congruence
23. x 30 Theorem
y 180 30 30 120 3. CD ED 3. Definition of midpoint
4. BD FD 4. Given
5. BCD FED 5. HL Congruence Theorem

Chapter 4 continued
34. It is given that VW ZY and that VZ and WY are both per- 46. AB 0 62 0 102
pendicular to VW. By the Perpendicular Transversal
36 100
Theorem, it follows that VZ and WY are both perpendicu-
lar to ZY. UZV and XYW are both right angles and 136
UZV and XYW are both right triangles. Since 234
UV XW and UZ XY, UZV XYW by the HL
AC 0 62 0 102
Congruence Theorem. Therefore, U X because cor-
responding parts of congruent triangles are congruent. 36 100
35. Each of the triangles is isosceles and every pair of adjacent 136
triangles have a common side, so the legs of all the trian- 234
gles are congruent by the Transitive Property of
The two segments are congruent.
Congruence. The common vertex angles are congruent, so
any two of the triangles are congruent by the SAS 47. AB 1 82 1 72
Congruence Postulate. 81 64
36. Let x be the measure of a base angle. 145
2x 30 180, so x 75 AC 1 82 1 72 49 64 113
The measures of the base angles are 75. The two segments are not congruent.
4 2 10, 9 2 7 7, 8
37. equilateral
48.
38. red, yellow, blue; red-orange, yellow-green, blue-purple;
purple, orange, green; red-purple, yellow-orange, blue-
green. 49. 0 2 8, 11 2 3 4, 4
39. It is given that CDB ADB and that DB AC. Since
perpendicular lines form right angles, ABD and CBD 50. 1 2 5, 7 2 5 2, 1
are right angles. By the Right Angle Congruence Theorem,
ABD CBD. By the Reflexive Property of
Congruence, DB DB, so ABD CBD by the ASA
51. 22 5, 3 2 6 32, 92
40. Since ABD CBD, their corresponding parts are con-
52. 0 2 2, 132 1 1, 7
gruent. Therefore, AD CD, so ACD is isosceles.
41. No; the measure of ADB will decrease, as will the
53. 32 0, 5 2 20 23, 252
measure of CDB and the amount of reflection will
54. y 1 3 x 1
1
remain the same.
y 1 13x 13
42. C 43. C
y 13x 23
44. Each of the six triangles in the first figure is equilateral.
By connecting every other vertex of the hexagon, three 55. y x 0
isosceles triangles are formed. For each triangle, the y x
measure of the angle with vertex at the center is
10 x 5
9
2 p 60 120, so each of the congruent base angles has 56. y 12
9
measure 30. Then the measure of each angle in the third y 12 10 x 92
figure is 2 p 30 60° and the triangle is equiangular and, 9
y 10 x 332
therefore, equilateral.
57. y 4 32x 3
4.6 Mixed Review (p. 242) y 4 32x 92
45. AB 0 5 4 8 25 144 13
2 2 y 32x 12
AC 0 122 4 12 144 25 13
The two segments are congruent.

Chapter 4 continued
Lesson 4.7 8. Sample figure:
Developing Concepts Activity (p. 243) y (0, s) (s, s)
1., 2. Drawings will vary.

3. Sample answer: with one vertex at the origin and the
hypotenuse along the positive x-axis.
(0, 0) (s, 0) x
9. Sample figure:
1. Coordinate proofs involve placing geometric figures in a
coordinate plane. All the methods of proof involve y
providing a logical argument that shows that the given
information leads to that which is to be proved. (0, 3)
2. The first; each vertex has at least one coordinate that is 0.

1
(8, 0)
Sample figure: y (0, 0) 3 x
C
10. Sample figure:
A B x y
(0, 20)
3. Using the origin as the vertex with the right angle: 4, 0
and 4, 0; using 0, 7 as the vertex with the right 4
angle: 4, 7 and 4, 7. (20, 0)
(0, 0) 12 x
4. Use the Distance Formula to show OG HG. Then show
that since GJ bisects OGH, OGJ HGJ and that 11. Sample figure:
GJ GJ by the Reflexive Property of Congruence. Then
GJO GJH by the SAS congruence postulate. y
(0, k) (h, k)
5. Use the Distance Formula to show that AB AC.
4.7 Practice and Applications (pp. 247–249) x

(0, 0) (h, 0)
6.–11. Good placements should include vertices for which at
least one coordinate is 0.
6. Sample figure: 12. Units are ten so B0, 50 and C30, 0.
y (0, 5) (8, 5) 13. BC 30 02 0 502

900 2500
58.31
1 14. d 7 02 9 02
(0, 0) 3 (8, 0) x 49 81
130
7. Sample figure: y (0, 4) (6, 4) 15. d 5 02 4 02
25 16
1
41
1 x 16. d 3 02 3 02
9 9
18
(0, 4) (6, 4)
32

Chapter 4 continued
17. d 3 02 3 02 34. The Distance Formula verifies that AD AE and since H
is the midpoint of AD and G is the midpoint of AE,
9 9
AH 12AD and AG 12AE implying that AH AG and
18
AH AG. A is common to both AEH and ADG
32 and EAH DAG by the Reflexive Property of
Congruence, so AEH ADG by the SAS
18. H 80 2 0, 80 2 0 Congruence Postulate. This makes DG EH because
they are corresponding parts of the two congruent
40, 40 triangles.
19. H 90 2 0, 70 2 0 4.7 Mixed Review (p. 250)
35. 15x 4x 55
45, 35
20. Use the Distance Formula to show that OR OT. Then
11x 55
show that since R T by the Base Angles Theorem x5
and OSR OST Right Angle Congruence Theorem, 36. mCGF 4x 55 15x
OSR OST AAS Congruence Theorem. Then
→ 19x 55
TOS ROS and OS bisects TOR.
195 55
21. Show that, since HJ and OF both have a slope of 0, they
are parallel, so that alternate interior angles H and F 150
are congruent. HG FG by the definition of midpoint. 37. true 38. false 39. true 40. true
Then use the Distance Formula to show that HJ OF so
41. If two triangles are congruent, then the corresponding
that GHJ GFO by the SAS Congruence Postulate.
angles of the triangles are congruent; true.
22. M0, k, Nh, k, Ph, 0; MP h2 k2
42. If the corresponding angles of two triangles are
23. F2h, 0, E2h, h, OE 2h2 h2 5h2 h5 congruent, then the triangles are congruent; false.
24. Nh, k; ON h k , MN 2hh k h k
2 2 2 2 2 2
43. If two triangles are not congruent, then the corresponding
angles of the two triangles are not congruent; false.
25. O0, 0, Rk, k, Sk, 2k, T2k, 2k, Uk, 0:
OT 2k2 2k2 Quiz 3 (p. 250)
8k2 2k2 1.
26. Since OP 2h and OM 2h, OP OM. According to Statements Reasons
the Midpoint Formula, N is the midpoint of PM, so 1. DF DG, ED HD 1. Given
PN MN. By the Reflexive Property of Congruence,
ON ON. Then NPO NMO by the SSS Congruence 2. EDF HDG 2. Vertical Angles Theorem
Postulate. 3. EDF HDG 3. SAS Congruence Postulate
27. Since OC h k and EC h k , OC EC
2 2 2 2
4. EFD HGD 4. Corresp. parts of
s are .
and since BC k and DC k, BC DC. Then, since
2.
vertical angles OCB and ECD are congruent,
OBC EDC by the SAS Congruence Postulate. Statements Reasons
28. OBC is not isosceles. By the Distance Formula, 1. ST UT VU, 1. Given

OB 122 482 2448 1217 49.5 and SU TV
BC 12 182 482 665 48.4. OB is 2. S SUT, UTV V 2. Base Angles Theorem
longer. The plant stand is leaning to the right, which is
3. SUT UTV 3. Alternate Interior
causing the instability.
Angles Theorem
29. isosceles; no; no
4. S SUT UTV V 4. Transitive Property of
30. AC and AB are equal; they remain equal; they remain equal. Congruence
31. The triangle in Exercise 5 has vertices which can be used 5. STU TUV 5. AAS Congruence
to describe ABC. Point A is on the y-axis and points Theorem
B and C are on the x-axis, equidistant from the origin. The
3. Use the Distance Formula to show that OP, PM, NM, and
proof shows that any such triangle is isosceles.
ON are all equal, so that OP PM ON NM. Since
32. A 33. A OM OM by the Reflexive Property of Congruence,
OPM ONM by the SSS Congruence Postulate and
both triangles are isosceles by definition.

Chapter 4 continued
Chapter 4 Review (pp. 252–254) Chapter 4 Test (p. 255)
1. isosceles right 2. obtuse scalene 1. QPS, QSR 2. QPS 3. QPR 4. QPS
3. obtuse isosceles 4. equiangular or acute; equilateral or 5. QSR 6. QPR
isosceles 7. mA mB mC 180
5. 90 47 53 Let x mC
6. mM mN mP 180 116 3x x 180
mN 5mP, mM 24 4x 64
24 5mP mP 180 x 16
6mP 156 Therefore mC 16 and mB 316 48
mP 26 8. Yes; AAS Congruence Theorem; two pairs of correspond-
mN 526 130 ing angles are congruent and two corresponding nonin-
7. A X, B Y, C Z, cluded sides are congruent.
AB XY, BC YZ, AC XZ 9. Yes; SAS Congruence Postulate; HJ KG (given), and
GJ GJ (Reflexive Property of congruence). Since
8. mY 180 48 37 95
HJ GK , HJG JGK (Alternate Interior Angles
9. Yes; ASA Congruence Postulate; two pairs of corre- Theorem), so two pairs of corresponding sides are
sponding angles are congruent and the corresponding congruent and two corresponding included angles are
included sides are congruent. congruent.
10. No; the triangles cannot be proved congruent with the 10. Yes; ASA Congruence Postulate; since LMP NPM
given information. and NMP LPM (given), and MP MP (Reflexive
11. Yes; AAS Congruence Theorem; because HF JE, Property of Congruence), two pairs of corresponding
HFG E Corresponding Angles Postulate, so angles are congruent and two corresponding included
two pairs of corresponding angles are congruent and two angles are congruent.
nonincluded sides are congruent. 11. No; the triangles cannot be proved congruent from the
12. Yes; by the ASA Congruence Postulate or the AAS given information.
Congruence Theorem 12. Yes; HL Congruence Theorem; since WX XY (given)
13. PQ and XZ XZ (Reflexive Property of Congruence), two
14. 2x 3 17
corresponding hypotenuses and two corresponding legs
of two right triangles are congruent.
2x 14
13. Yes; HL Congruence Theorem; since it is given that
x7 GMH and LMK are right triangles and HG KJ and
15. x x 72 180 KM MH, two corresponding hypotenuses and two cor-
responding legs of two right triangles are congruent.
2x 108
14. 70 x x 180
x 54
2x 110
16. 4x 2 3x 3
x 55
x5
15. 3x 4 2x 1
17. 35 35 x 180
70 x 180 x5
16. x 265 180
x 110
18. Since both AB and OC have slope 0, AB OC. Then
x 130 180
OCA BAC by the Alternate Interior Angles x 50
Theorem. Since OC h and AB h, OC AB by the
definition of congruence. Also, AC AC by the
Reflexive Property of Congruence. Therefore
OAC BCA by the SAS Congruence Postulate.

Chapter 4 continued
17. Because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
Statements Reasons congruent, QPT RQU and QST RSU. It is
given that PQ QR. So, by the AAS Congruence
1. BD EC, AC AD 1. Given Theorem, PQS QRS.
2. 1 2 2. Base Angles Theorem 13. Both triangles are equilateral equiangular triangles. In
3. ABD AEC 3. SAS Congruence Postulate Ex. 11, it was proved that QTP QTS. Because
corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent,
4. AB AE 4. Corresp. parts of
s are
QP QS . It is given that QP RQ RS, so by the
.
Transitive Property of Congruence, QS RQ and
18. QS RS . Thus, all three sides of QRS are congruent,
Statements Reasons so RQS is equilateral. It is also equiangular. In Ex. 12,
it was proved that PQS QRS. Therefore, PQS is
1. XY WZ, XZ WY 1. Given also equilateral and equiangular.
2. XYZ WZY, 2. Alternate Interior Angles 14. Check drawing.
XZY WYZ Theorem 15. Check drawing.
3. ZY ZY 3. Reflexive Property of Congruence
16. Yes; Sample answer: By the Distance Formula, AB CD
4. XYZ WZY 4. SAS Congruence Postulate and BC DA. Since AC AC by the Reflexive Property
5. X W
of Congruence, the triangles are congruent by the SSS
5. Corresp. parts of
s are .
19. Using the Pythagorean Theorem,
17. isosceles
42 72 16 49 65.
18. isosceles
20. M s 2 0, s 2 0 2s , 2s 19. Yes; the triangles will always be isosceles because either
diagonal will give you a pair of triangles each with two
congruent sides.
Chapter 4 Standardized Test (pp. 256–257)
1. mJ 180 42 42 96 Algebra Review (pp. 258–259)
C 1. d 3 02 6 22

2. mBCD 90 35 125 9 64
D 73
3. B 4. B 5. B 6. C 2. d 5 62 2 52
7. B 121 49
2x 5 3x 2 170
x 3 3. d 3 12 4 42
x3 16
8. D 9. A 4
10. Because RU ⊥ QS , RUS and RUQ are right angles 4. d 6 32 6 22
and RUS and RUQ are right triangles. It is given that 9 16
RQ RS. RU RU by the Reflexive Property of
Congruence. RUS RUQ by the HL Congruence 25
Theorem. 5
11. It is given that PT TS. Because QTPS , QTP 5. d 8 32 2 62
and QTS are right angles. PTQ STQ because all 121 16
right angles are congruent. QT QT by the Reflexive
Property of Congruence, so QTP QTS by the SAS 137
Congruence Postulate. 6. d 8 12 5 12
12. In Ex.10, it was proved that RUQ RUS. You can 49 16
use the HL Congruence Theorem to prove that
65
QTP RUS. Then, by the Transitive Property of
Congruence, QTP RUQ. In Ex.11, it was proved 7. 6x 11y 4x y 6x 4x 11y y 2x 12y
that QTP QTS. By the Transitive Property of 8. 5m 3q 4m q 5m 4m 3q q
Congruence, QTS RUQ and QTS RUS.
m 2q

Chapter 4 continued
9. 3p 4t 5t 2p 3p 2p 4t 5t 33. 14 5t ≥ 28 34. 6 3r < 24
5p 9t 5t ≥ 14 3r < 18
10. 9x 22y 18x 3y 9x 18x 22y 3y t ≤ 14
5 r > 6
27x 25y 35. 16 2x ≤ 28 36. 3x 11 ≥ 32
11. 3x 2y 5xy 2 6x 2y 3x 2y 6x 2y 5xy 2 12x ≤ 12 3x ≥ 21
9x 2y 5xy 2 x ≥ 1 x ≤ 7
12. 5x 2xy
2 7x 2 xy 5x 2 7x 2 2xy xy 37.
x 5
12
2x 2 3xy x 5 12 or x 5 12
13. 3x 5 2x 11 14. 14 3a 10 a x7 or x 17
x 5 11 14 4a 10 38.
x 2
10
x6 4a 24 x 2 10 or x 2 10
a6 x 12 or x 8
15. 8m 1 7m 9 16. y 18 6y 7 39.

5x 3
m 1 9 18 5y 7 5x3 or 5 x 3
m 10 25 5y x 2 or x 8
5 y x2 or x8
17. 2s 1 7s 1 18. 3a 12 6a 12 40.
1 x
6
1 5s 1 9a 12 12 1x6 or 1 x 6
0 5s 9a 0 x 5 or x 7
0s a0 x 5 or x7
19. 2t 10 t 20. 11q 6 3q 8q 41.
x 3
17
t 10 0 11q 6 11q x 3 17 or x 3 17
t 10 6 0 x 14 or x 20
t 10 No solution
42. 5x 2 7
21. 7x 7 2x 11 22. x 2 > 7 5x 2 7 or 5x 2 7

7 9x 11 x > 5 5x 5 or 5x 9
18 9x x < 5 x 1 or x5
9
2x 43.
2x 3
11
23. x 18 < 10 24. 5 m < 21 2x 3 11 or 2x 3 11
c < 28 m < 26 2x 14 or 2x 8
25. x 5 < 4 26. z 6 > 2 x7 or x 4
x < 9 z > 8 44.
7x 8
20
27. 3x 4 ≤ 5 28. 5 2x < 3x 6 7x 8 20 or 7x 8 20
3x ≤ 9 5 x < 6 7x 12 or 7x 28
x ≥ 3 x < 11 x 12
7 or x 4
29. m 3 ≥ 4m 6 30. 2b 4 > 3b 7 45.
4x 5
13
3m 3 ≥ 6 5b 4 > 7 4x 5 13 or 4x 5 13
3m ≥ 3 5b > 3 4x 8 or 4x 18
3 9
m ≥ 1 b > 5 x 2 or x2
31. 13 6x > 10 4x 32. 4z 8 ≤ 12 46.
3x 8
4
13 10x > 10 4z ≤ 4 3x 8 4 or 3x 8 4
10x > 3 z ≤ 1 3x 4 or 3x 12
3 4
x < 10 x 3 or x 4

Chapter 4 continued

47. x 13 ≥ 23
58.
4x 6
> 14
x 13 ≥ 23 or x 13 ≤ 23 4x 6 > 14 or 4x 6 < 14
x ≥ 10 or x ≤ 36 4x > 20 or 4x < 8
48.
x 6
> 8 x > 5 or x < 2
x6 > 8 or x 6 < 8 59.
x 2
≥ 4
x > 14 or x < 2 x2 ≥ 4 or x 2 ≤ 4

49. x 2 ≤ 8
x ≥ 2 or x ≤ 6
8 ≤ x 2 ≤ 8 60.
5x 9
< 14
6 ≤ x ≤ 10 14 < 5x 9 < 14
50.

15 x ≥ 7 5 < 5x < 23
23
15 x ≥ 7 or 15 x ≤ 7 1 < x < 5
x ≥ 8 or x ≤ 22 61.
11x 1
> 21
x ≤ 8 or x ≥ 22 11x 1 > 21 or 11x 1 < 21

51. 16 x < 4
11x > 20 or 11x < 22
20
4 < 16 x < 4 x > 11 or x < 2
20 < x < 12

62. 7x 2 ≤ 21

20 > x > 12 No solution
12 < x < 20 63.
3x 2
> 10

52. 6x 4 < 8
3x 2 > 10 or 3x 2 < 10
8 < 6x 4 < 8 3x > 12 or 3x < 8
4 < 6x < 12 x > 4 or x < 83
23 < x < 2

64. 12x 16 ≤ 20
53. 2x 4 ≤ 10
20 ≤ 12x 16 ≤ 20
10 ≤ 2x 4 ≤ 10 36 ≤ 12x ≤ 4
1
14 ≤ 2x ≤ 6 3 ≤ x ≤ 3
7 ≥ x ≥ 3 65.
5x 8
≥ 32
3 ≤ x ≤ 7 5x 8 ≥ 32 or 5x 8 ≤ 32

54. 9x 6 ≤ 21
5x ≥ 40 or 5x ≤ 24
24
21 ≤ 9x 6 ≤ 21 x ≤ 8 or x ≤ 5
15 ≤ 9x ≤ 27 All real numbers

53 ≤ x ≤ 3

66. 7 x 1 ≤ 8
55. 11x 11 ≥ 33

x 1
≤ 1
11x 11 ≥ 33 or 11x 11 ≤ 33 1 ≤ x 1 ≤ 1
11x ≥ 44 or 11x ≤ 22 2 ≤ x ≤ 0
x ≥ 4 or x ≤ 2
56.
2x 3
> 13
2x 3 > 13 or 2x 3 < 13
2x > 10 or 2x < 16
x > 5 or x < 8
57.
10x 20
< 40
40 < 10x 20 < 40
60 < 10x < 20
6 < x < 2


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mcrbg-0401-sk.

qxd 6-14-2001 11:25 AM Page 61

Think & Discuss (p. 191) Drawing Conclusions

1. 180 90 x 60 4.1 Guided Practice (p. 198)

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 61

mC 2x 15 81; acute

62 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

2. C is a right angle. 2. Given

180 y 1 34x 34 y 3 72x 7

49. 2x 5 x 7 y2 y 32x 15

The length of each leg is 12 7 19. y4 13x 2

The length of the base is 50 19 19 12. y 13x 6

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 63

x7 Statements Reasons

4y 4 28 2. mA mD, 1. Given

64 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

4.2 Mixed Review (p. 209) m2 28

50. M 0 26, 72 4 3, 121 1. 63 x x 180

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 65

Lesson 4.3 Statements Reasons

66 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 67

68 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

x 7 y 7 3. N PML 3. Right Angle Congruence

8x 5  y 1. Answers will vary, but BH BG.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 69

4.5 Guided Practice (p. 232) Statements Reasons

7. UNP UPQ by Exercise 4. Since corresponding parts 1. UR ST, R and 1. Given

70 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

3 Division property of equality

1., 2. Constructions will vary

4.6 Guided Practice (p. 239)

1. Equilateral means all sides congruent, and equiangular

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 71

8. x 46, y 88 9. x 70, y 70 Since AB AC, B C by the Base Angles

72 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 73

Developing Concepts Activity (p. 243) y (0, s) (s, s)

1., 2. Drawings will vary.

2. The first; each vertex has at least one coordinate that is 0.

10. Sample figure:

4.7 Practice and Applications (pp. 247–249) x

y (0, 5) (8, 5) 13. BC 30 02  0 502

74 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

28. OBC is not isosceles. By the Distance Formula, 1. ST  UT  VU, 1. Given

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 75

76 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

C 1. d 3 02 6 22

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 77

21. 7x 7 2x 11 22. x 2 > 7 5x 2 7 or 5x 2 7

78 Geometry Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc.

62. 7x 2 ≤ 21

15 ≤ 9x ≤ 27 All real numbers

Copyright © McDougal Littell Inc. Geometry 79

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

mC 2x 15 81; acute

180 y 1 34x 34 y 3 72x 7

4y 4 28 2. mA mD, 1. Given

4.2 Mixed Review (p. 209) m2 28

50. M 0 26, 72 4 3, 121 1. 63 x x 180

8x 5 y 1. Answers will vary, but BH BG.

3 Division property of equality

y (0, 5) (8, 5) 13. BC 30 02 0 502

28. OBC is not isosceles. By the Distance Formula, 1. ST UT VU, 1. Given

C 1. d 3 02 6 22