STS-117 Press Kit

STS-117 Press Kit

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CONTENTS

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STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW: BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE ........................... 1

TIMELINE OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 13

MISSION PROFILE................................................................................................................... 17

MISSION PRIORITIES ............................................................................................................. 19

MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 21

STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES ................................................................. 23

STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW ................................................................................................... 27

PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 37

S T AR BO AR D 5 ( S5 ) SH ORT S PA C ER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
E X T E R NA L STO WA G E P L A TF O RM -3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 39
S P A C E H A B’ S L OG I ST I C S SI N GL E M O D UL E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
M OT I O N CONT R OL SUB SYST EM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 43
S T AT I ON - TO -S H UT TL E P OW E R T RA NS FE R S Y ST EM (S S PT S ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING .................................................................................................. 47

U N D O CK I NG , S E PA RA TI O N A N D D EP A RTU R E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

SPACEWALKS ......................................................................................................................... 53

EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT .......................................................................................... 61

EXPERIMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 67
D E T A IL E D T ES T O B J E CT I VE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 67
S HORT- DURA T I ON R E SEA R C H TO B E C OMP LETED DURING STS-118/1 3 A . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ........................ 75

SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA .................................................................................................... 77

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LAUNCH AND LANDING ........................................................................................................... 89

L A U N CH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
A B OR T- T O- OR B IT ( AT O ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 89
T RA N SA TL A NT I C A B OR T L A N D I NG ( TAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
R E T UR N -T O -L A U N CH - SI T E ( R TL S ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 89
A B OR T O N C E A RO U N D (A OA ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 89
L A N D I NG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 91

MEDIA ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................... 107

PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS .................................................................................................. 109

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STS-118 MISSION OVERVIEW:

BUILD THE STATION…BUILD THE FUTURE
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SpaceȱShuttleȱEndeavourȱisȱonȱLaunchȱPadȱ39ȬAȱandȱreadyȱforȱlaunch.ȱAtȱfarȱleftȱisȱtheȱrotatingȱ
serviceȱstructure,ȱwhichȱcanȱbeȱrolledȱaroundȱtoȱencloseȱtheȱshuttleȱforȱaccessȱduringȱprocessing.ȱ
Behindȱtheȱshuttleȱisȱtheȱfixedȱserviceȱstructure,ȱtoppedȱbyȱanȱ80ȬfootȬtallȱlightningȱmast.ȱ

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MISSION OVERVIEW 1
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ThisȱgraphicȱdepictsȱtheȱlocationȱofȱSTSȬ118ȱpayloadȱhardware.ȱ
Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ Endeavourȱ isȱ poisedȱ toȱ blastȱ
offȱAug.ȱ7,ȱcarryingȱsevenȱastronautsȱtoȱorbitȱonȱ
aȱcomplexȱflightȱtoȱcontinueȱtheȱassemblyȱofȱtheȱ
Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ fulfillȱ aȱ longȬ
standingȱhumanȱspaceflightȱlegacy.ȱ
Theȱ119thȱflightȱinȱspaceȱshuttleȱhistoryȱandȱtheȱ
22ndȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ isȱ commandedȱ byȱ veteranȱ
astronautȱ Scottȱ Kelly,ȱ aȱ Navyȱ commander,ȱ 43.ȱ
Endeavourȱ isȱ scheduledȱ toȱ beȱ launchedȱ fromȱ
NASAȇsȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center’sȱ Launchȱ Padȱ
39ȬAȱ onȱ anȱ 11Ȭdayȱ flight.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ mission,ȱ
theȱcrewȱwillȱdeliverȱaȱnewȱsegmentȱforȱtheȱstaȬ
tionȇsȱ backbone,ȱ installȱ aȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ
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MISSION OVERVIEW
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andȱswapȱoutȱaȱfailedȱgyroscopeȱusedȱtoȱorientȱ
theȱstation.ȱ
Kelly,ȱ whoȱ isȱ makingȱ hisȱ secondȱ flightȱ intoȱ
space,ȱ isȱ joinedȱ byȱ Pilotȱ Charlieȱ Hobaughȱ
(HOE’baw),ȱ aȱ Marineȱ lieutenantȱ colonel,ȱ 45,ȱ
andȱmissionȱspecialistsȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱ37,ȱRickȱ
Mastracchioȱ (MuhȬSTRACK’ȬeeȬoh),ȱ 47,ȱ Dr.ȱ
Daveȱ Williamsȱ ofȱ theȱ Canadianȱ Spaceȱ Agency,ȱ
53,ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorgan,ȱ55,ȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱanȱ
AirȱForceȱcolonel,ȱ44.ȱ
Hobaugh,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ areȱ allȱ
makingȱtheirȱsecondȱflightȱintoȱspace.ȱCaldwell,ȱ
MorganȱandȱDrewȱareȱallȱfirstȬtimeȱfliers.ȱ
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SevenȱastronautsȱpauseȱforȱanȱinformalȱcrewȱportraitȱatȱtheȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱPicturedȱfromȱtheȱ
leftȱ(front)ȱareȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱastronautȱDaveȱWilliams,ȱmissionȱspecialist;ȱScottȱKelly,ȱ
commander;ȱandȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱmissionȱspecialist.ȱBackȱrow,ȱleftȱtoȱright,ȱareȱCharlieȱHobaugh,ȱ
pilot;ȱalongȱwithȱRickȱMastracchio,ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱallȱmissionȱspecialists.ȱ
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Morganȱ isȱ theȱ firstȱ educatorȱ missionȱ specialist,ȱ Morgan,ȱwhoȱwasȱanȱelementaryȱschoolȱteacherȱ
havingȱservedȱasȱtheȱbackupȱtoȱpayloadȱspecialȬ inȱ McCall,ȱ Idaho,ȱ beforeȱ beingȱ selectedȱ asȱ
istȱ Christaȱ McAuliffeȱ inȱ theȱ Teacherȱ inȱ Spaceȱ McAuliffe’sȱ backup,ȱ returnedȱ toȱ teachingȱ afterȱ
Project.ȱMcAuliffeȱandȱsixȱfellowȱastronautsȱlostȱ theȱaccident.ȱSheȱwasȱselectedȱtoȱtrainȱasȱaȱmisȬ
theirȱlivesȱinȱtheȱChallengerȱaccidentȱonȱJan.ȱ28,ȱ sionȱ specialistȱ inȱ 1998ȱ andȱ wasȱ namedȱ toȱ theȱ
1986.ȱ STSȬ118ȱcrewȱinȱ2002.ȱ

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MISSION OVERVIEW 3
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Sheȱwillȱbeȱinvolvedȱinȱatȱleastȱoneȱlive,ȱinteracȬ
tiveȱ educationalȱ inȬflightȱ eventȱ withȱ studentsȱ
gatheredȱ inȱ Boise,ȱ Idaho.ȱ Ifȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ exȬ
tended,ȱsheȱwillȱparticipateȱinȱtwoȱotherȱeducaȬ
tionalȱ eventsȱ withȱ studentsȱ inȱ Alexandria,ȱ Va.,ȱ
andȱLynn,ȱMass.,ȱtoȱdiscussȱherȱmissionȱandȱtheȱ
educationalȱaspectsȱofȱhumanȱspaceflight.ȱ
Endeavourȱ isȱ makingȱ itsȱ 20thȱ flight,ȱ andȱ firstȱ
sinceȱ theȱ STSȬ113ȱ missionȱ inȱ Novemberȱ 2002ȱ
thatȱbroughtȱtheȱfirstȱportȱsideȱtrussȱsegmentȱtoȱ
theȱstation.ȱEndeavourȱunderwentȱanȱextensiveȱ
refurbishmentȱ afterȱ thatȱ missionȱ toȱ upgradeȱ
andȱmodifyȱitsȱkeyȱsystems.ȱ

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BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱspeaksȱtoȱanȱaudienceȱofȱstudentsȱandȱmediaȱȱ
duringȱaȱdemonstrationȱatȱSpaceȱCenterȱHouston.ȱ

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experiencedȱ highȱ electricalȱ currentsȱ andȱ erraticȱ
spinȱ ratesȱ inȱ Octoberȱ 2006ȱ andȱ wasȱ takenȱ offȱ
line.ȱ Sinceȱ then,ȱ theȱ stationȱ hasȱ usedȱ theȱ otherȱ
threeȱ gyroscopesȱ inȱ theȱ Zenithȱ 1ȱ (Z1)ȱ trussȱ toȱ
maintainȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ orientation.ȱ Theȱ replaceȬ
mentȱ workȱ willȱ beȱ nearlyȱ identicalȱ toȱ theȱ reȬ
placementȱofȱCMGȬ1ȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ114ȱmissionȱinȱ
2005,ȱ butȱ thisȱ failedȱ CMGȱ willȱ beȱ temporarilyȱ
stowedȱ onȱ theȱ newȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ andȱ
willȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ Earthȱ onȱ theȱ STSȬ122ȱ misȬ
sionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱ
ȱ Theȱ CMGȱ replacementȱ willȱ occurȱ duringȱ theȱ
ThisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱdepictsȱhowȱtheȱS5ȱ secondȱ ofȱ threeȱ plannedȱ spacewalks.ȱ Aȱ fourthȱ
trussȱwillȱbeȱgrappledȱbyȱtheȱstation’sȱroboticȱ spacewalkȱ willȱ beȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ missionȱ ifȱ theȱ
arm.ȱItȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱtoȱtheȱfarȱrightȱportionȱ flightȱ isȱ extended.ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ
ofȱtheȱintegratedȱtrussȱsystem.ȱ willȱconductȱtheȱfirstȱtwoȱspacewalks.ȱMastracȬ
chioȱandȱExpeditionȱ15ȱFlightȱEngineerȱClaytonȱ
Theȱ primeȱ objectiveȱ ofȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ toȱ installȱ
Andersonȱ willȱ beȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ third.ȱ
theȱ Starboardȱ 5ȱ (S5)ȱ trussȱ onȱ theȱ rightȱ sideȱ ofȱ
AndersonȱwouldȱteamȱupȱwithȱWilliamsȱforȱtheȱ
theȱ station’sȱ expandingȱ trussȱ structure.ȱ Theȱ
fourthȱ spacewalk.ȱ Andersonȱ willȱ haveȱ conȬ
twoȬtonȱ S5ȱ willȱ beȱ roboticallyȱ attachedȱ andȱ
ductedȱ hisȱ firstȱ careerȱ spacewalkȱ priorȱ toȱ
boltedȱ toȱ theȱ S4ȱ truss,ȱ whichȱ wasȱ deliveredȱ toȱ
STSȬ118ȱ toȱ jettisonȱ anȱ obsoleteȱ ammoniaȱ reserȬ
theȱstationȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ117ȱmissionȱinȱJune.ȱ
voirȱandȱotherȱequipment.ȱ
TheȱS5ȱtrussȱisȱ11ȱfeetȱlong,ȱandȱwillȱserveȱasȱaȱ
“spacer”ȱ toȱ provideȱ structuralȱ supportȱ forȱ theȱ
outboardȱ solarȱ arraysȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ installedȱ onȱ
theȱS6ȱtrussȱnextȱyearȱandȱtoȱprovideȱsufficientȱ
spaceȱ forȱ clearanceȱ betweenȱ thoseȱ arraysȱ andȱ
theȱS4ȱtrussȱsolarȱblankets.ȱ

Aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Externalȱ Stowageȱ PlatȬ

formȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3)ȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱonȱtheȱstation’sȱ
P3ȱ trussȱ toȱ houseȱ criticalȱ spareȱ parts.ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ
joinsȱ twoȱ otherȱ stowageȱ platformsȱ attachedȱ toȱ
theȱstation.ȱ
ȱ
Anotherȱ highȱ priorityȱ taskȱ forȱ Endeavour’sȱ asȬ
tronautsȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ replacementȱ ofȱ theȱ failedȱ Thisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱshowsȱwhereȱtheȱ
Controlȱ Momentȱ GyroscopeȬ3ȱ (CMGȬ3)ȱ whichȱ ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȱwillȱbeȱȱ
installedȱtoȱtheȱspaceȱstation.ȱ

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MISSION OVERVIEW 5
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CosmonautsȱOlegȱV.ȱKotovȱandȱFyodorȱYurchikhin,ȱExpeditionȱ15ȱflightȱengineerȱandȱcommander,ȱ
respectively,ȱrepresentingȱRussiaȇsȱFederalȱSpaceȱAgency;ȱandȱastronautȱClaytonȱC.ȱAnderson,ȱȱ
flightȱengineer,ȱparticipateȱinȱaȱtrainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱSpaceȱVehicleȱMockupȱFacilityȱȱ
atȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenterȱbeforeȱtheyȱwereȱreunitedȱatȱtheȱspaceȱstation.ȱ
ȱ
Endeavour’sȱ astronautsȱ willȱ workȱ withȱ AnderȬ signedȱtoȱextendȱtheȱshuttle’sȱstayȱatȱtheȱstationȱ
sonȱ andȱ hisȱ crewmates,ȱ Expeditionȱ 15ȱ ComȬ toȱupȱtoȱ12ȱdays,ȱifȱnecessary,ȱwithoutȱdepletingȱ
manderȱ Fyodorȱ Yurchikhinȱ (FeeȬOH’Ȭduhrȱ theȱ finiteȱ electricalȱ capabilityȱ ofȱ theȱ fuelȱ cellsȱ
YUR’ȬcheeȬkin)ȱandȱFlightȱEngineerȱOlegȱKotovȱ themselves.ȱ
(AH’Ȭlegȱ KOH’Ȭtoff),ȱ duringȱ moreȱ thanȱ aȱ weekȱ
ofȱjointȱdockedȱoperations.ȱ Theȱ SSPTSȱ routesȱ powerȱ throughȱ Pressurizedȱ
Matingȱ AdapterȬ2ȱ (PMAȬ2),ȱ theȱ dockingȱ portȱ
Theȱ missionȱ alsoȱ willȱ featureȱ theȱ firstȱ flightȱ ofȱ forȱ Endeavourȱ atȱ theȱ forwardȱ endȱ ofȱ theȱ staȬ
theȱ newȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ Powerȱ Transferȱ SysȬ tion’sȱ Destinyȱ Laboratory.ȱ SSPTSȱ consistsȱ ofȱ
temȱ (SSPTS),ȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ electricalȱ converterȱ twoȱPowerȱTransferȱUnitsȱ(PTUs)ȱinȱtheȱshuttle,ȱ
unitsȱ inȱ theȱ shuttleȱ thatȱ drawȱ electricityȱ fromȱ containingȱ threeȱ convertersȱ perȱ unit,ȱ twoȱ OrȬ
theȱ station’sȱ powerȱ systemȱ toȱ supplementȱ theȱ biterȱPowerȱConversionȱUnitsȱ(OPCUs)ȱandȱoneȱ
normalȱelectricalȱoutputȱfromȱtheȱshuttle’sȱthreeȱ AssemblyȱPowerȱConversionȱUnitȱ(APCU).ȱ
cryogenicȱ fuelȱ cells.ȱ Theȱ newȱ capabilityȱ isȱ deȬ

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MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
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Eachȱ OPCUȱ convertsȱ 124ȱ voltȱ directȱ currentȱ
powerȱfromȱtheȱstationȱtoȱ28ȱvoltȱusableȱshuttleȱ
power.ȱEachȱunitȱdrawsȱ2.2ȱkilowattsȱofȱstationȱ
powerȱ andȱ convertsȱ itȱ toȱ 2ȱ kilowattsȱ ofȱ powerȱ
forȱshuttleȱsystems.ȱ

Followingȱ Endeavour’sȱ dockingȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ

onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 3ȱ andȱ shortlyȱ afterȱ hatchesȱ areȱ
openedȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱvehicles,ȱSSPTSȱwillȱbeȱ
activatedȱasȱtwoȱofȱtheȱfourȱ OPCUsȱareȱturnedȱ
on.ȱ Theȱ systemȱ willȱ beȱ deactivatedȱ shortlyȱ beȬ
foreȱtheȱfirstȱspacewalkȱonȱflightȱdayȱ4ȱtoȱenableȱ
theȱstation’sȱstarboardȱsolarȱarraysȱtoȱbeȱlockedȱ
inȱplaceȱforȱtheȱinstallationȱofȱtheȱS5ȱtruss.ȱAfterȱ
thatȱisȱcompleted,ȱSSPTSȱwillȱbeȱreactivatedȱunȬ
tilȱEndeavourȱisȱreadyȱtoȱundockȱandȱtheȱotherȱ
twoȱOPCUsȱwillȱbeȱturnedȱonȱandȱcheckedȱout.ȱ
Missionȱmanagersȱmayȱelectȱtoȱwaitȱuntilȱflightȱ
dayȱ5ȱtoȱverifyȱtheȱperformanceȱofȱtheȱnewȱsysȬ
temȱ beforeȱ formallyȱ extendingȱ theȱ flightȱ threeȱ
additionalȱdaysȱtoȱaȱ14Ȭdayȱmission.ȱ
ShuttlesȱEndeavourȱandȱDiscoveryȱwereȱoutfitȬ
tedȱ duringȱ theirȱ mostȱ recentȱ maintenanceȱ periȬ
odsȱforȱSSPTSȱcapability.ȱAtlantisȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱ
SSPTSȱcapability.ȱ
ȱ
Thisȱgraphicȱillustratesȱtheȱinspectionȱ
Endeavour’sȱastronautsȱwillȱperformȱusingȱȱ
theȱOrbiterȱBoomȱSensorȱSystem.ȱ
TheȱnextȱdayȱasȱEndeavourȱclosesȱinȱonȱtheȱInȬ
ternationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ throughȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ
coordinatedȱ engineȱ firings,ȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ MasȬ
tracchioȱ willȱ useȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ robotȱ armȱ toȱ
grappleȱ theȱ 50ȬfootȬlongȱ Orbiterȱ Boomȱ Sensorȱ
System.ȱTheȱOBSSȱisȱanȱarmȱextensionȱthatȱusesȱ
camerasȱ andȱ laserȱ sensorsȱ toȱ mapȱ theȱ leadingȱ
edgesȱofȱtheȱwingsȱandȱtheȱnoseȱcapȱofȱtheȱshutȬ
tleȱ inȱ checkingȱ forȱ anyȱ damageȱ thatȱ mayȱ haveȱ
occurredȱduringȱEndeavour’sȱclimbȱtoȱorbit.ȱ

Rightȱafterȱarrivingȱonȱorbit,ȱCaldwellȱandȱWilȬ Endeavour’sȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ podȱ

liamsȱwillȱcaptureȱvideoȱandȱdigitalȱstillsȱofȱEnȬ
deavour’sȱ jettisonedȱ externalȱ fuelȱ tankȱ forȱ imȬ
ageryȱ analysisȱ onȱ theȱ ground,ȱ theȱ firstȱ inȱ aȱ seȬ
riesȱofȱiterativeȱstepsȱthatȱwillȱclearȱEndeavour’sȱ
heatȱshieldȱforȱaȱsafeȱlanding.ȱ
Endeavour’sȱ astronautsȱ willȱ thenȱ setȱ upȱ theirȱ
toolsȱandȱcomputersȱandȱopenȱtheȱship’sȱcargoȱ
bayȱ doors.ȱ Morganȱ andȱ Drewȱ willȱ activateȱ theȱ
Spacehabȱ moduleȱ andȱ openȱ theȱ hatchȱ toȱ theȱ
cargoȱ carrierȱ throughȱ aȱ tunnelȱ fromȱ EndeavȬ
our’sȱ lowerȱ deck.ȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ Mastracchioȱ
willȱ unfurlȱ andȱ checkoutȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ roboticȱ
armȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ forȱ variousȱ tasksȱ
throughoutȱtheȱmission.ȱ
blanketsȱ willȱ alsoȱ beȱ surveyedȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ
preȬplannedȱ surveysȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ heatȱ proȬ
tectionȱsystem.ȱ
Morganȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ joinȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ
Mastracchioȱ duringȱ almostȱ sevenȱ hoursȱ ofȱ surȬ
veyȱ workȱ withȱ theȱ boom.ȱ Asȱ thatȱ workȱ proȬ
ceeds,ȱ Kelly,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Drewȱ willȱ prepareȱ
theȱspacesuitsȱthatȱwillȱbeȱwornȱduringȱtheȱmisȬ
sion’sȱspacewalks.ȱ
Beforeȱ theȱ crewȱ goesȱ toȱ sleepȱ toȱ completeȱ itsȱ
secondȱdayȱinȱspace,ȱaȱcameraȱwillȱbeȱmountedȱ
inȱtheȱOrbiterȱDockingȱSystemȱtoȱprovideȱvisualȱ
cuesȱ toȱ Kellyȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ day’sȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW 7
 ȱ
ȱ
dockingȱwithȱtheȱstation.ȱTheȱdockingȱsystem’sȱ
outerȱringȱalsoȱwillȱ beȱ extendedȱinȱpreparationȱ
forȱtheȱfollowingȱday’sȱlinkup.ȱ
Onȱflightȱdayȱ3,ȱKellyȱandȱHobaughȱwillȱguideȱ
Endeavourȱthroughȱaȱseriesȱofȱengineȱfiringsȱtoȱ
narrowȱtheȱgapȱbetweenȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱtheȱstaȬ
tion,ȱ arrivingȱ aboutȱ 400ȱ feetȱ directlyȱ belowȱ theȱ
ISSȱ aboutȱ anȱ hourȱ priorȱ toȱ docking.ȱ Atȱ thatȱ
time,ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ executeȱ aȱ slowȱ twoȬdegreeȱ perȱ
secondȱ“backflip,”ȱcalledȱtheȱRendezvousȱPitchȱ
Maneuver.ȱ Thisȱ willȱ enableȱ stationȱ crewȱ memȬ
bersȱ toȱ useȱ digitalȱ camerasȱ equippedȱ withȱ
400mmȱ andȱ 800mmȱ lensesȱ toȱ photographȱ EnȬ
deavour’sȱheatȱresistantȱtilesȱforȱanalysisȱbyȱimȬ
ageryȱexpertsȱonȱtheȱground.ȱ
Onceȱthatȱisȱcomplete,ȱKellyȱwillȱflyȱEndeavourȱ
toȱaȱpointȱaboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱ
stationȱ forȱtheȱlastȱminutesȱ ofȱtheȱapproachȱforȱ
docking.ȱ Onceȱ theȱ twoȱ vehiclesȱ areȱ lockedȱ toȬ
getherȱ andȱ leakȱ checksȱ verifyȱ aȱ tightȱ sealȱ beȬ
ScottȱKelly,ȱSTSȬ118ȱcommander,ȱparticipatesȱinȱaȱsimulationȱexerciseȱinȱtheȱmotionȬbaseȱshuttleȱ
missionȱsimulatorȱinȱtheȱJakeȱGarnȱSimulationȱandȱTrainingȱFacilityȱatȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱ
8
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW
tweenȱ theȱ twoȱ craft,ȱ hatchesȱ willȱ beȱ opened.ȱ
Hobaughȱ willȱ joinȱ Andersonȱ atȱ theȱ roboticsȱ
workstationȱ inȱtheȱDestinyȱ Laboratoryȱtoȱ operȬ
ateȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ roboticȱ arm.ȱ Theyȱ
willȱ acceptȱ theȱ handoffȱ ofȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ fromȱ
CaldwellȱandȱMastracchioȱwhoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱ
shuttle’sȱ robotȱ armȱ fromȱ theȱ aftȱ flightȱ deckȱ ofȱ
Endeavour.ȱ
Whileȱ S5ȱ spendsȱ theȱ nightȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ
ofȱ Canadarm2,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ
prepareȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ day’sȱ spacewalk,ȱ theȱ firstȱ
forȱ bothȱ ofȱ them.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ wearȱ masksȱ inȱ theȱ
station’sȱ Questȱ airlockȱ toȱ prebreatheȱ pureȱ oxyȬ
gen,ȱ cleansingȱ nitrogenȱ outȱ ofȱ theirȱ bloodȬ
streamsȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ protocolȱ toȱ preventȱ aȱ
conditionȱ knownȱ asȱ theȱ “bends”ȱ whenȱ theyȱ
moveȱ outȱ intoȱ theȱ vacuumȱ ofȱ spaceȱ theȱ nextȱ
day.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ spendȱ theȱ nightȱ inȱ Questȱ inȱ theȱ
nowȱ familiarȱ “campout”ȱ thatȱ precedesȱ spaceȬ
walksȱ thatȱ beginȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ
ment.
ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Onceȱthatȱisȱcomplete,ȱKellyȱwillȱflyȱEndeavourȱ
toȱaȱpointȱaboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱ
stationȱ forȱtheȱlastȱminutesȱofȱtheȱapproachȱ forȱ
docking.ȱ Onceȱ theȱ twoȱ vehiclesȱ areȱ lockedȱ toȬ
getherȱ andȱ leakȱ checksȱ verifyȱ aȱ tightȱ sealȱ beȬ
tweenȱ theȱ twoȱ craft,ȱ hatchesȱ willȱ beȱ opened.ȱ
Hobaughȱ willȱ joinȱ Andersonȱ atȱ theȱ roboticsȱ
workstationȱinȱtheȱDestinyȱ Laboratoryȱ toȱ operȬ
ateȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ roboticȱ arm.ȱ Theyȱ
willȱ acceptȱ theȱ handoffȱ ofȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ fromȱ
CaldwellȱandȱMastracchioȱwhoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱ
shuttle’sȱ robotȱ armȱ fromȱ theȱ aftȱ flightȱ deckȱ ofȱ
Endeavour.ȱ
Whileȱ S5ȱ spendsȱ theȱ nightȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ
ofȱ Canadarm2,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ
prepareȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ day’sȱ spacewalk,ȱ theȱ firstȱ
forȱ bothȱ ofȱ them.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ wearȱ masksȱ inȱ theȱ
station’sȱ Questȱ airlockȱ toȱ prebreatheȱ pureȱ oxyȬ
gen,ȱ cleansingȱ nitrogenȱ outȱ ofȱ theirȱ bloodȬ
streamsȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ protocolȱ toȱ preventȱ aȱ
conditionȱ knownȱ asȱ theȱ “bends”ȱ whenȱ theyȱ
moveȱ outȱ intoȱ theȱ vacuumȱ ofȱ spaceȱ theȱ nextȱ
day.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ spendȱ theȱ nightȱ inȱ Questȱ inȱ theȱ
nowȱ familiarȱ “campout”ȱ thatȱ precedesȱ spaceȬ
walksȱ thatȱ beginȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ
ment.

ȱ
RickȱMastracchioȱdonsȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱofȱhisȱExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ(EMU)ȱspacesuitȱȱ
priorȱtoȱbeingȱsubmergedȱinȱtheȱwatersȱofȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱȱ
JohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱTracyȱCaldwellȱassistedȱMastracchio.ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW 9
 ȱ
ȱ
Onȱflightȱdayȱ 4,ȱ whileȱMorganȱbeginsȱ transferȬ
ringȱ cargoȱ fromȱ theȱ Spacehabȱ moduleȱ intoȱ theȱ
station,ȱ Hobaughȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ carefullyȱ
maneuverȱ theȱ S5ȱ trussȱ toȱ theȱ endȱ ofȱ theȱ starȬ
boardȱ trussȱ segmentȱ ofȱ theȱ complex.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ
useȱvisualȱcuesȱfromȱtheȱspacewalkersȱtoȱinstallȱ
theȱ S5ȱ toȱ theȱ recentlyȱ arrivedȱ S4ȱ solarȱ arrayȱ
truss.ȱAȱseriesȱofȱboltsȱwillȱmechanicallyȱattachȱ
theȱtwoȱtrussȱsegments.ȱAfterwardȱMastracchioȱ
andȱ Williamsȱ willȱ removeȱ launchȱ locksȱ fromȱ
theȱnewȱtruss,ȱrelocateȱtheȱS5ȱgrappleȱfixtureȱtoȱ
theȱ truss’ȱ keelȱ andȱ connectȱ electricalȱ lines.ȱ Ifȱ
timeȱpermits,ȱtheyȱwillȱtestȱaȱcaptureȱlatchȱtoȱbeȱ
usedȱ laterȱ whenȱ theȱ finalȱ starboardȱ trussȱ comȬ
ponent,ȱtheȱS6,ȱisȱmatedȱoutboardȱtoȱtheȱS5.ȱ
Theȱlastȱmajorȱtaskȱofȱtheȱfirstȱspacewalkȱwillȱbeȱ
theȱ retractionȱ ofȱ theȱ forwardȱ heatȬrejectingȱ raȬ
diatorȱ fromȱ theȱ P6ȱ truss.ȱ Thisȱ isȱ theȱ finalȱ stepȱ
towardȱthatȱtruss’ȱrelocationȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ120ȱ
missionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱTheȱradiatorȱwillȱbeȱtiedȱ
downȱbyȱMastracchioȱandȱWilliamsȱandȱwillȱbeȱ
redeployedȱ onȱ STSȬ120ȱ onceȱ theȱ P6ȱ isȱ attachedȱ
toȱtheȱP5ȱtrussȱonȱtheȱportȱsideȱofȱtheȱstation.ȱ
Ifȱ missionȱ managersȱ determineȱ thatȱ additionalȱ
areasȱofȱEndeavour’sȱthermalȱprotectionȱsystemȱ
shouldȱbeȱinspected,ȱthisȱworkȱwouldȱoccurȱonȱ
flightȱdayȱ5.ȱMorgan,ȱKellyȱandȱCaldwellȱwouldȱ
takeȱ turnsȱ usingȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ roboticȱ armȱ andȱ
theȱ boomȱ sensorȱ systemȱ extensionȱ forȱ suchȱ aȱ
survey.ȱ Ifȱ noȱ “focused”ȱ inspectionȱ isȱ required,ȱ
theȱ dayȱ willȱ beȱ spentȱ onȱ cargoȱ transfers.ȱ MasȬ
tracchioȱandȱWilliamsȱwillȱmoveȱintoȱtheȱQuestȱ
airlockȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱdayȱtoȱprepareȱforȱtheirȱ
secondȱspacewalk.ȱ

ȱ
DaveȱWilliams,ȱSTSȬ118ȱmissionȱspecialistȱrepresentingȱtheȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgency,ȱparticipatesȱȱ
inȱanȱunderwaterȱsimulationȱofȱEVAȱinȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱJohnsonȱȱ
SpaceȱCenter.ȱSCUBAȬequippedȱdiversȱareȱinȱtheȱwaterȱtoȱassistȱWilliamsȱinȱhisȱȱ
rehearsal,ȱintendedȱtoȱhelpȱprepareȱhimȱforȱhisȱSTSȬ118ȱspacewalks.

10
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 6,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ Williams’ȱ
spacewalkȱwillȱbeȱdevotedȱtoȱtheȱreplacementȱofȱ
CMGȬ3ȱ thatȱ wasȱ removedȱ fromȱ operationalȱ useȱ
onȱOct.ȱ10,ȱ2006.ȱ Mastracchioȱandȱ Williamsȱ willȱ
removeȱ theȱ failedȱ CMGȱ fromȱ itsȱ slotȱ inȱ theȱ Z1ȱ
truss,ȱtemporarilyȱparkȱitȱonȱtheȱtruss,ȱandȱinstallȱ
itsȱreplacement.ȱTheȱfailedȱCMGȱwillȱbeȱstowedȱ
onȱ anȱ externalȱ spareȱ partsȱ platformȱ attachedȱ toȱ
theȱ Questȱ airlockȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ broughtȱ homeȱ onȱ
theȱSTSȬ122ȱmissionȱlaterȱthisȱyear.ȱCargoȱtransȬ
ferȱwillȱcontinueȱduringȱtheȱspacewalk.ȱ
Onȱflightȱdayȱ7,ȱMorganȱandȱCaldwellȱwillȱbeȱatȱ
theȱ controlsȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ roboticȱ armȱ asȱ theyȱ
liftȱ theȱ thirdȱ Externalȱ Stowageȱ Platformȱ outȱ ofȱ
Endeavour’sȱcargoȱ bayȱandȱ handȱitȱ overȱ toȱ HoȬ
baughȱ andȱ Anderson,ȱ whoȱ willȱ operateȱ theȱ staȬ
tion’sȱ Canadarm2.ȱ Hobaughȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ
thenȱ installȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ ontoȱ aȱ cargoȱ attachmentȱ
deviceȱonȱtheȱP3ȱtruss,ȱwhereȱcaptureȱ boltsȱwillȱ
lockȱitȱdown.ȱ
Laterȱ inȱ theȱ day,ȱ Morganȱ willȱ conductȱ anȱ inȬ
flightȱ educationalȱ eventȱ withȱ studentsȱ gatheredȱ
atȱ theȱ Discoveryȱ Centerȱ ofȱ Idahoȱ inȱ Boise,ȱ aȱ
20Ȭminuteȱ interactiveȱ eventȱ toȱ discussȱ theȱ proȬ
gressȱofȱtheȱflight.ȱ
Beforeȱ theȱ crewȱ goesȱ toȱ sleep,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ
Andersonȱ willȱ moveȱ intoȱ theȱ Questȱ airlockȱ toȱ
prepareȱforȱtheȱthirdȱspacewalkȱofȱtheȱmission.ȱ
Onȱflightȱdayȱ8,ȱMastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱwillȱ
performȱtheȱthirdȱspacewalkȱtoȱupgradeȱtheȱstaȬ
tion’sȱ SȬbandȱ communicationȱ system.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ
removeȱ theȱ SȬbandȱ antennaȱ fromȱ theȱ P6ȱ trussȱ
andȱ relocateȱ itȱ toȱ theȱ P1ȱ trussȱ andȱ installȱ aȱ newȱ
signalȱprocessorȱandȱtransponderȱforȱbetterȱperȬ
formance.ȱ
MastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱmonitorȱtheȱ
movementȱ ofȱ theȱ station’sȱ Canadarm2ȱ asȱ HoȬ
baughȱandȱKotovȱuseȱitȱtoȱmoveȱtwoȱequipmentȱ
cartsȱ toȱ theȱ starboardȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ Mobileȱ TransȬ
JULY 2007
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW
porterȱrailȱcar.ȱThatȱwillȱclearȱtheȱportȱsideȱofȱtheȱ
trussȱ forȱ theȱ P6ȱ relocationȱ laterȱ thisȱ year.ȱ MasȬ
tracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱretrieveȱaȱpairȱofȱ
suitcaseȬsizeȱ experimentsȱ fromȱ temporaryȱ locaȬ
tionsȱonȱtheȱQuestȱairlock.ȱTheȱexperimentsȱhaveȱ
beenȱ collectingȱ dataȱ onȱ theȱ effectȱ ofȱ theȱ microȬ
gravityȱ environmentȱ onȱ variousȱ materials.ȱ Theȱ
spacewalkȱ willȱ wrapȱ upȱ withȱ theȱ retrievalȱ ofȱ aȱ
transponderȱonȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱandȱtheȱengagementȱ
ofȱgimbalȱlocksȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱtruss’ȱSȬbandȱantenna.ȱ
Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 9,ȱ ifȱ theȱ missionȱ isȱ notȱ extended,ȱ
theȱtwoȱcrewsȱwillȱcompleteȱfinalȱcargoȱtransfers,ȱ
conductȱaȱjointȱcrewȱnewsȱconferenceȱandȱenjoyȱ
aȱfewȱhoursȱofȱoffȬdutyȱtimeȱtogetherȱbeforeȱtheyȱ
sayȱ farewellȱ andȱ closeȱ hatchesȱ betweenȱ theȱ twoȱ
spacecraft.ȱ
Onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 10,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ beȱ atȱ theȱ aftȱ
flightȱdeckȱofȱEndeavourȱtoȱsuperviseȱtheȱshutȬ
tle’sȱ undockingȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ aȱ
flyaroundȱ ofȱ theȱ newlyȱ expandedȱ complex.ȱ
Onceȱ aȱ finalȱ engineȱ firingȱ sendsȱ Endeavourȱ
awayȱ fromȱ theȱ station,ȱ Caldwellȱ andȱ MastracȬ
chioȱwillȱbeȱjoinedȱbyȱHobaughȱandȱMorganȱtoȱ
conductȱaȱfinalȱ“late”ȱinspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱ
wingsȱandȱnoseȱcapȱusingȱtheȱboomȱsensorȱsysȬ
temȱ oneȱ lastȱ time.ȱ Thatȱ surveyȱ willȱ verifyȱ thatȱ
noȱmicrometeoroidȱdebrisȱdamageȱhasȱoccurredȱ
duringȱtheȱflightȱtoȱpreventȱaȱsafeȱlanding.ȱ
Onȱflightȱdayȱ11,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱprepareȱforȱlandȬ
ingȱ theȱ followingȱ dayȱ asȱ Kellyȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ
conductȱtheȱtraditionalȱtestȱofȱEndeavour’sȱflightȱ
controlȱ surfacesȱ andȱ theȱ testȬfiringȱ ofȱ theȱ ship’sȱ
33ȱreactionȱcontrolȱsystemȱjetsȱtoȱinsureȱfullȱconȬ
trollabilityȱ ofȱ Endeavourȱ duringȱ itsȱ highȬspeedȱ
returnȱ toȱ Earth.ȱ Theȱ crewȱ willȱ packȱ upȱEndeavȬ
our,ȱ closeȱ outȱ theȱ Spacehabȱ moduleȱ andȱ deactiȬ
vateȱitsȱsystemsȱinȱadvanceȱofȱlanding.ȱ
Afterȱdeorbitȱpreparationsȱareȱcompleteȱandȱitsȱ
cargoȱ bayȱ doorsȱ areȱ closed,ȱ Endeavourȱ willȱ reȬ
11
 ȱ
ȱ
turnȱtoȱEarthȱonȱFlightȱDayȱ12,ȱglidingȱtoȱanȱafȬ
ternoonȱlandingȱatȱtheȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱtoȱ
completeȱtheȱsecondȱshuttleȱmissionȱofȱtheȱyear.ȱ
Thisȱ willȱ markȱ theȱ firstȱ timeȱ thatȱ NASAȱ hasȱ
usedȱ aȱ threeȬstringȱ Globalȱ Positioningȱ Systemȱ
toȱ giveȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ positionȱ duringȱ entryȱ andȱ
landing.ȱ
Flightȱdayȱ11ȱ–ȱCargoȱtransferȱwork.ȱ
Flightȱ dayȱ 12ȱ –ȱ Finalȱ cargoȱ transfers,ȱ aȱ thirdȱ
educationalȱ inȬflightȱ eventȱ forȱ Morganȱ withȱ
studentsȱ atȱ theȱ Robertȱ L.ȱ Fordȱ NASAȱ Explorerȱ
SchoolȱinȱLynn,ȱMass.,ȱandȱfinalȱcrewȱfarewellsȱ
andȱhatchȱclosure.ȱ

Ifȱtheȱflightȱisȱextendedȱtoȱ14ȱdaysȱasȱisȱexpectedȱ Flightȱ dayȱ 13ȱ –ȱ Undocking,ȱ flyaround,ȱ finalȱ

thanksȱ toȱ theȱ newȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ Powerȱ
Transferȱ System,ȱ theȱ flightȱ planȱ willȱ beȱ alteredȱ
slightlyȱafterȱflightȱdayȱ8:ȱ
Flightȱ dayȱ 9ȱ –ȱ Cargoȱ transfers,ȱ crewȱ offȬdutyȱ
time,ȱ spacewalkȱ preparations,ȱ theȱ jointȱ crewȱ
newsȱ conferenceȱ andȱ aȱ secondȱ Morganȱ educaȬ
tionalȱinȬflightȱeventȱwithȱstudentsȱatȱtheȱChalȬ
lengerȱ Centerȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Scienceȱ Educationȱ inȱ
Alexandria,ȱVa.ȱ
separationȱ andȱ lateȱ inspectionȱ ofȱ Endeavour’sȱ
heatȱshield.ȱ
Flightȱdayȱ14ȱ–ȱFlightȱControlȱSystemȱcheckout,ȱ
reactionȱ controlȱ systemȱ hotȬfireȱ test,ȱ cargoȱ
stowage.ȱ
Flightȱ dayȱ 15ȱ –ȱ Deorbitȱ preparations,ȱ deorbitȱ
engineȱ firing,ȱ landingȱ atȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ
Center.ȱ

Flightȱ dayȱ 10ȱ –ȱ Fourthȱ spacewalkȱ byȱ Williamsȱ

andȱAndersonȱtoȱinstallȱaȱmountingȱbracketȱonȱ
twoȱtrunnionsȱonȱtheȱzenithȱsideȱofȱtheȱS1ȱtruss.ȱ
Thisȱ willȱ enableȱ theȱ boomȱ sensorȱ systemȱ toȱ beȱ
leftȱ onȱ theȱ stationȱ onȱ aȱ laterȱ missionȱ whenȱ itȱ
cannotȱ fitȱ onȱ theȱ starboardȱ sillȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle’sȱ
payloadȱbayȱforȱtheȱflightȱtoȱdeliverȱtheȱ“Kibo”ȱ
pressurizedȱ scienceȱmoduleȱ toȱtheȱstation.ȱ WilȬ
liamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ alsoȱ willȱ installȱ twoȱ wireȬ
lessȱ instrumentationȱ antennasȱ onȱ theȱ Destinyȱ
Lab,ȱretrieveȱaȱfailedȱGlobalȱPositioningȱSystemȱ ȱ
antennaȱfromȱtheȱS0ȱtruss,ȱinstallȱwirelessȱvideoȱ CharlieȱHobaugh,ȱSTSȬ118ȱpilot,ȱtakesȱpartȱinȱ
systemȱ equipmentȱ onȱ theȱ S3ȱ truss,ȱ relocateȱ aȱ aȱsimulationȱatȱJSC’sȱJakeȱGarnȱSimulationȱ
toolȱ bagȱ fromȱ theȱ P6ȱ trussȱ toȱ Destinyȱ andȱ perȬ andȱTrainingȱFacility.ȱ
manentlyȱ secureȱ protectiveȱ debrisȱ shieldsȱ onȱ
DestinyȱandȱtheȱUnityȱconnectingȱnodeȱthatȱareȱ
temporarilyȱtiedȱdown.ȱ

12
ȱ
MISSION OVERVIEW JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

TIMELINE OVERVIEW
ȱ
NOTE x RendezvousȱPitchȱManeuverȱ

Theȱmissionȱisȱbaselinedȱasȱanȱ11Ȭdayȱflightȱ x DockingȱtoȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ
spanningȱ12ȱflightȱdays.ȱAfterȱtheȱnewȱStaȬ
x HatchȱOpeningȱandȱWelcomingȱCeremonyȱ
tionȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ(SSPTS)ȱ
isȱactivatedȱandȱcheckedȱout,ȱtheȱflightȱwillȱbeȱ x ShuttleȱRoboticȱArmȱGrappleȱandȱUnberthȱ
extendedȱtoȱ14ȱdaysȱwithȱlandingȱonȱflightȱdayȱ ofȱS5ȱTrussȱ
15.ȱTheȱfirstȱeightȱflightȱdaysȱofȱtheȱmissionȱwillȱ
beȱidenticalȱwithȱorȱwithoutȱanȱextension.ȱThisȱ x HandoffȱofȱS5ȱTrussȱtoȱStationȱRoboticȱArmȱ
timelineȱreflectsȱhowȱtheȱmissionȱchangesȱwithȱ (Canadarm2)ȱ
anȱextension.ȱ x StationȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ
(SSPTS)ȱActivationȱandȱCheckoutȱ
11-DAY MISSION
x EVAȱ1ȱCampoutȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams)ȱ
Flight Day 1
x Launchȱ Flight Day 4
x SSPTSȱDeactivationȱPriorȱtoȱEVAȱ1ȱ
x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱOpeningȱ
x S5ȱInstallationȱtoȱS4ȱTrussȱSegmentȱ
x SpacehabȱActivationȱ
x ExtravehicularȱActivityȱ(EVA)ȱ1ȱ
x ShuttleȱRobotȱArmȱPowerȱUpȱ
(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams;ȱS5ȱInstallation,ȱ
x ExternalȱTankȱVideoȱandȱStillȱPhotographyȱ P6ȱTrussȱForwardȱRadiatorȱRetraction)ȱ
Downlinkȱ
x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ
Flight Day 2
x SSPTSȱReactivationȱAfterȱEVAȱ1ȱ
x OrbiterȱBoomȱSensorȱSystemȱ(OBSS)ȱSurveyȱ
ofȱShuttleȱWingsȱandȱNoseȱCapȱ Flight Day 5
x Canadarm2ȱGrappleȱofȱBoomȱSensorȱ
x SpacesuitȱCheckoutȱ
SystemȱforȱFocusedȱInspectionȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ
x ShuttleȱRoboticȱArmȱCheckoutȱofȱShuttle’sȱ
x FocusedȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱThermalȱ
OrbitalȱManeuveringȱSystemȱPodsȱ
HeatȱShieldȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ
x OrbiterȱDockingȱSystemȱCheckoutȱandȱRingȱ
x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ
Extensionȱ
x EVAȱ2ȱCampoutȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams)ȱ
x RendezvousȱToolȱCheckoutȱ
x PerformȱEPOȱKitȬCȱvideoȱ
Flight Day 3
x RendezvousȱOperationsȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
TIMELINE OVERVIEW 13
 ȱ
ȱ
Flight Day 6 x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ

x EVAȱ2ȱ(MastracchioȱandȱWilliams;ȱControlȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ
MomentȱGyroscopeȬ3ȱReplacementȱonȱZ1ȱ
Truss)ȱ x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ

x DeactivateȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ Flight Day 9

(ESPȬ3)ȱPowerȱConnection.ȱ x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ
x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ
Flight Day 7 x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ
x ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱUnberthȱfromȱ x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ
Endeavour’sȱPayloadȱBayȱandȱInstallationȱ
onȱP3ȱTrussȱ Flight Day 10

x DestinyȱLabȱWindowȱScratchȱPaneȱ x FinalȱSSPTSȱDeactivationȱ(forȱanȱ11Ȭdayȱ
Replacementȱ mission)ȱ

x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x UndockingȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱ
StationȱandȱFlyaroundȱ
x EducationalȱEventȱ
x FinalȱSeparationȱManeuverȱ
x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ
x LateȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱWingsȱandȱ
x EVAȱ3ȱCampoutȱ(Mastracchioȱandȱ NoseȱCapȱ
Anderson)ȱ
Flight Day 11
Flight Day 8
x CabinȱStowageȱ
x EVAȱ3ȱ(MastracchioȱandȱAnderson;ȱP6ȱSȬ
BandȱAntennaȱSubassemblyȱRelocationȱtoȱ x FlightȱControlȱSystemȱCheckoutȱ
P1ȱTruss,ȱP1ȱTrussȱBasebandȱSignalȱ
x ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱHotȬFireȱTestȱ
ProcessorȱandȱtransponderȱInstallation,ȱ
Canadarm2ȱrelocationȱofȱtwoȱCrewȱandȱ x DeorbitȱProceduresȱReviewȱ
EquipmentȱTranslationȱAidȱ(CETA)ȱcartsȱtoȱ
starboardȱtrussȱforȱP6ȱRelocationȱclearance,ȱ x KuȬBandȱAntennaȱStowageȱ
retrieveȱtheȱP6ȱtransponder,ȱengageȱtheȱ x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ
gimbalȱlocksȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱSȬbandȱAntennaȱ
Subassembly,ȱretrieveȱMaterialsȱonȱtheȱ x CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱPAOȱEventȱ
InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱExperimentȱ
x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ
(MISSE)ȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱpayloadȱpackages)ȱ
Flight Day 12
x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsFlightȱDayȱ9ȱ
x DeorbitȱPreparationsȱ
x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ
x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱClosingȱ

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ȱ
x DeorbitȱBurnȱ Flight Day 12
x KSCȱLandingȱ x FinalȱCargoȱTransfersȱ

14-DAY MISSION x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ

(First eight days are the same as the x EducationalȱEventȱ
11-day mission)
x FarewellsȱandȱHatchȱClosureȱ
Flight Day 9
Flight Day 13
x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ
x FinalȱSSPTSȱDeactivationȱ
x JointȱCrewȱNewsȱConferenceȱ
x UndockingȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱ
x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ
StationȱandȱFlyaroundȱ
x EVAȱ4ȱCampoutȱ(WilliamsȱandȱAnderson)ȱ
x FinalȱSeparationȱManeuverȱ
x EducationalȱEventȱ
x LateȱInspectionȱofȱEndeavour’sȱWingsȱandȱ
Flight Day 10 NoseȱCapȱ

x EVAȱ4ȱ(WilliamsȱandȱAnderson;ȱSecureȱ Flight Day 14

Lab1ȱC2Ȭ03ȱandȱNod1ȱC2Ȭ02ȱMMODȱ
x CabinȱStowageȱ
Shields,ȱverifyȱintegrityȱofȱremainingȱP6ȱ
radiatorȱpushȱinȱpullȱ(PiP)ȱpinsȱalongȱ x FlightȱControlȱSystemȱCheckoutȱ
translationȱpaths,ȱinstallȱEWISȱantennasȱ(2)ȱ
onȱLab,ȱinstallȱOBSSȱberthingȱsupportȱ x ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱHotȬFireȱTestȱ
equipmentȱonȱS1ȱTrussȱzenithȱtrunnions,ȱ x StowȱCabinȱandȱPrepareȱSpacehabȱforȱEntryȱ
installȱwirelessȱTVȱequipmentȱonȱS3ȱCameraȱ
Portȱ1,ȱotherȱgetȬaheadȱtasks)ȱ x DeorbitȱProceduresȱReviewȱ

x PerformȱCycleȱErgometerȱwithȱVibrationȱ x KuȬBandȱAntennaȱStowageȱ
IsolationȱandȱStabilizationȱ(CEVIS)ȱRemoveȱ
x CrewȱOffȱDutyȱPeriodȱ
andȱReplaceȱ
x CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱPAOȱEventȱ
x PerformȱTreadmillȱVibrationȱIsolationȱ
Systemȱ(TVIS)ȱSkirtȱRemoveȱandȱReplaceȱ Flight Day 15
Flight Day 11 x DeorbitȱPreparationsȱ

x CargoȱTransferȱOperationsȱ x PayloadȱBayȱDoorȱClosingȱ

x PerformȱDAUIȱTroubleshootingȱandȱ x DeorbitȱBurnȱ
Replaceȱ(ifȱnecessary)ȱ
x KSCȱLandingȱ
x U.S.ȱPAOȱEventȱ

x EducationalȱEventȱ

JULY 2007
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16
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MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
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MISSION PROFILE
ȱ
CREW Space Shuttle Main Engines:
Commander:ȱ ScottȱKellyȱ SSMEȱ1:ȱ 2047ȱ
Pilot:ȱ CharlieȱHobaughȱ SSMEȱ2:ȱ 2051ȱ
MissionȱSpecialistȱ1:ȱ TracyȱCaldwellȱ SSMEȱ3:ȱ 2045ȱ
MissionȱSpecialistȱ2:ȱ RickȱMastracchioȱ ExternalȱTank:ȱ ETȬ117ȱ
MissionȱSpecialistȱ3:ȱ DaveȱWilliamsȱ SRBȱSet:ȱ BIȬ130ȱ
MissionȱSpecialistȱ4:ȱ BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱ RSRMȱSet:ȱ 97ȱ
MissionȱSpecialistȱ5:ȱ AlvinȱDrewȱ
SHUTTLE ABORTS
LAUNCH
Abort Landing Sites
Orbiter:ȱ Endeavourȱ(OVȬ105)ȱ
RTLS:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱShuttleȱ
LaunchȱSite:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ
LandingȱFacilityȱ
LaunchȱPadȱ39Aȱ
TAL:ȱ Primaryȱ–ȱZaragoza,ȱSpain.ȱȱ
LaunchȱDate:ȱ NoȱearlierȱthanȱAug.ȱ7,ȱ
Alternatesȱ–ȱMoron,ȱSpainȱandȱ
2007ȱ
Istres,ȱFranceȱ
LaunchȱTime:ȱ 7:02ȱp.m.ȱEDTȱ(Preferredȱ
AOA:ȱ Primaryȱ–ȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ
InȬPlaneȱlaunchȱtimeȱforȱ
ShuttleȱLandingȱFacility;ȱȱ
8/7)ȱ
Alternateȱ–ȱWhiteȱSandsȱSpaceȱ
LaunchȱWindow:ȱ 5ȱMinutesȱ
Harborȱ
Altitude:ȱ 122ȱNauticalȱMilesȱ(140ȱ
Miles)ȱOrbitalȱInsertion;ȱ Landing
184ȱNMȱ(212ȱMiles)ȱ
LandingȱDate:ȱ NoȱearlierȱthanȱAug.ȱ18,ȱ
Rendezvousȱ
Inclination:ȱ 51.6ȱDegreesȱ 2007ȱ
LandingȱTime:ȱ 2:29ȱp.m.ȱEDTȱ
Duration:ȱ 10ȱDays,ȱ19ȱHours,ȱ
PrimaryȱlandingȱSite:ȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ
27ȱMinutesȱ
ShuttleȱLandingȱFacilityȱ
VEHICLE DATA
PAYLOADS
ShuttleȱLiftoffȱWeight:ȱ 4,520,773ȱ
IntegratedȱTrussȱSegmentȱ(ITS)ȱȬȱStarboardȱ5ȱ(S5)
poundsȱ
Orbiter/PayloadȱLiftoffȱWeight:ȱ 268,574ȱ
poundsȱ
Orbiter/PayloadȱLandingȱWeight:ȱ 222,398ȱ
poundsȱ
SoftwareȱVersion:ȱ OIȬ30ȱ

JULY 2007
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 ȱ
ȱ
MISSION PRIORITIES
ȱ
1.ȱ Installȱintegratedȱtrussȱsegmentȱ(ITS)ȱS5ȱtoȱ
ITSȱS4ȱ
2.ȱ Transferȱwaterȱandȱtransferȱandȱstowȱ
criticalȱcargoȱitemsȱ
3.ȱ DeployȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ
(ESPȬ3)ȱfromȱpayloadȱbayȱandȱstowȱitȱonȱP3ȱ
4.ȱ DisconnectȱESPȬ3ȱLTAȱheaterȱpowerȱandȱ
reconfigureȱforȱPDUȱpowerȱ
5.ȱ Transferȱmissionȱsuccessȱcargoȱitemsȱ
6.ȱ PerformȱPortȱSȬbandȱcommunicationsȱ
systemȱupgradeȱ
7.ȱ RelocateȱtwoȱCrewȱandȱEquipmentȱ
TranslationȱAidȱ(CETA)ȱcartsȱtoȱtheȱ
starboardȱsideȱinȱpreparationȱforȱP6ȱ
relocationȱ
8.ȱ CinchȱtheȱP6ȱphotovoltaicȱthermalȱcontrolȱ
systemȱforwardȱphotovoltaicȱradiatorȱ
9.ȱ TransferȱControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ
(CMG)ȱorbitalȱreplacementȱunitȱandȱflightȱ
supportȱequipmentȱfromȱESPȬ3ȱtoȱESPȬ2ȱ
10.ȱ EngageȱZ1ȱSȬbandȱantennaȱstructuralȱ
assemblyȱ(SASA)ȱgimbalȱlocksȱ
11.ȱ RetrieveȱtheȱP6ȱtransponderȱ
12.ȱ PerformȱremoveȱandȱreplaceȱCMGȬ3ȱandȱ
stowȱfailedȱCMGȱonȱESPȬ2ȱ
13.ȱ Retrieveȱmaterialsȱinternationalȱspaceȱ
stationȱexperimentȱ(MISSE)ȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱ
14.ȱ SecureȱLabȱMMODȱShieldȱLab1ȱC2Ȭ03ȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
MISSION PRIORITIES
15.ȱ SecureȱNodeȱ1ȱMMODȱShieldȱNod1ȱC2Ȭ02ȱ
16.ȱ VerifyȱintegrityȱofȱsuspectȱP6ȱradiatorȱpushȱ
inȱpullȱpinsȱalongȱtranslationȱpathsȱ
17.ȱ Transferȱremainingȱcargoȱitemsȱperȱ13A.1ȱ
TransferȱPriorityȱListȱ
18.ȱ TransferȱnitrogenȱfromȱshuttleȱtoȱISSȱ
AirlockȱHighȱPressureȱGasȱTanksȱ(HPGT)ȱ
19.ȱ Performȱdailyȱstationȱpayloadȱstatusȱchecksȱ
20.ȱ Performȱdailyȱmiddeckȱactivitiesȱtoȱsupportȱ
payloadsȱ
21.ȱ Theȱfollowingȱtasks,ȱinȱpriority,ȱfitȱwithinȱ
existingȱspacewalks:ȱ
(a)ȱ InstallȱEWISȱantennasȱ(2)ȱonȱDestinyȱ
Labȱ
(b)ȱ InstallȱOBSSȱonȱtheȱ2ȱS1ȱzenithȱ
trunnionsȱ
(c)ȱ RetrieveȱfailedȱGPSȱantennaȱassemblyȱ
No.ȱ4ȱandȱinstallȱcapsȱ
(d)ȱ RelocateȱP6ȱauxiliaryȱtoolsȱbagsȱ
(e)ȱ InstallȱWirelessȱVideoȱSystemȱExternalȱ
TransceiverȱAssemblyȱ(WETA)ȱNo.ȱ3ȱ
onȱcoldȱplateȱ(CP)ȱ1ȱ
22.ȱ Performȱtheȱintravehicularȱtasksȱ
(a)ȱ PerformȱtroubleȬshootingȱofȱDockedȱ
AudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ(DAUI)ȱandȱ
replace,ȱifȱneededȱ
19
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ȱ
(b)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱCycleȱErgometerȱ (e)ȱ TorqueȱCMGȱFSEȱShimȱboltsȱtoȱfinalȱ
withȱVibrationȱIsolationȱandȱ preȬloadȱ
Stabilizationȱ(CEVIS)ȱ
(f)ȱ DeployȱS3ȱUpperȱOutboardȱPASȱandȱS3ȱ
(c)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱDestinyȱLabȱ UpperȱInboardȱPASȱ
windowȱscratchȱpaneȱ
(g)ȱ DeployȱP3ȱnadirȱUnpressurizedȱCargoȱ
(d)ȱ RemoveȱandȱreplaceȱTVISȱSkirtȱ CarriersȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ(UCCAS)ȱ

23.ȱ PerformȱDetailedȱTestȱObjectiveȱ853ȱ (h)ȱ Retrieveȱ3/8”ȱDriveȱRatchesȱSNȱ1011ȱ&ȱ

InȬflightȱevaluationȱforȱareasȱofȱCO2ȱ 1012ȱfromȱtheȱETSDȱboxesȱforȱIVAȱ
concentrationȱ inspectionȱ

24.ȱ PerformȱISSȱpayloadȱresearchȱoperationȱ (i)ȱ ReturnȱGeneralȱPurposeȱCutterȱtoȱA/Lȱ

tasksȱ Toolboxȱ#2ȱ(Ȭ303ȱversion)ȱ

(a)ȱ ActivateȱCGBAȬ5ȱforȱCSIȬ02ȱspecimenȱ (j)ȱ InstallȱS1ȬS3ȱAmmoniaȱFluidȱLinesȱ

conditioningȱ
(k)ȱ InstallȱP1ȬP3ȱAmmoniaȱFluidȱLinesȱ
25.ȱ Performȱimageryȱsurveyȱofȱstationȱduringȱ
flyaroundȱ (l)ȱ CloseȱP1ȱRadiatorȱBeamȱValveȱModuleȱ
(RBVM)ȱThermalȱBootieȱF151ȱ
26.ȱ Performȱpayloadȱoperationsȱtoȱsupportȱ
MAUIȱandȱRAMBOȱ(payloadȱofȱ 28.ȱ Reboostȱtheȱstationȱwithȱtheȱshuttle,ȱifȱ
opportunityȬundockȱops)ȱ missionȱresourcesȱallowȱandȱareȱconsistentȱ
withȱISSȱtrajectoryȱanalysisȱandȱplanningȱ
27.ȱ PerformȱspacewalkȱgetȬaheadȱtasks,ȱifȱ
possibleȱ 29.ȱ Transferȱoxygenȱfromȱtheȱshuttleȱtoȱtheȱ
station,ȱasȱconsumablesȱallowȱ
(a)ȱ ConnectȱS5ȱtoȱS4ȱumbilicalsȱ
30.ȱ PerformȱSDTOȱ13005ȬUȱ
(b)ȱ RemoveȱS5ȱtoȱS6ȱRTASȱLLȱ
(a)ȱ Shuttleȱdockingȱ
(c)ȱ OpenȱtheȱS5ȱRTASȱCaptureȱLatchȱ
Assemblyȱ(CLA)ȱ (b)ȱ Stationȱreboostȱ

(d)ȱ ReleaseȱNodeȱ2ȱEATCSȱLoopȱAȱandȱBȱ (c)ȱ Shuttleȱundockingȱ

FluidȱTrayȱBoltsȱ(1Ȭ6,ȱ8,9,11ȱ&ȱ12)ȱ
(d)ȱ S5ȱinstallȱ

20
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ȱ

MISSION PERSONNEL
KEY CONSOLE POSITIONS FOR STS-118
ȱ Flt.ȱDirectorȱ CAPCOMȱ PAOȱ
Ascentȱ SteveȱStichȱ ChrisȱFergusonȱ RobȱNaviasȱ
JimȱDuttonȱ(Weather)ȱ

Orbitȱ1ȱ(Lead)ȱ MattȱAbbottȱ SteveȱRobinsonȱ RobȱNaviasȱ(Lead)ȱ

Orbitȱ2ȱ RichardȱJonesȱ ShaneȱKimbroughȱ KyleȱHerringȱ

MikeȱSarafinȱ

Planningȱ MikeȱMosesȱ ShannonȱLucidȱ JohnȱIraȱPettyȱ

PaulȱDyeȱ

Entryȱ SteveȱStichȱ ChrisȱFergusonȱ KylieȱClemȱ

JimȱDuttonȱ(Weather)ȱ

ShuttleȱTeamȱ4ȱ RickȱLaBrodeȱ N/Aȱ N/Aȱ

ISSȱOrbitȱ1ȱ KwatsiȱAlibaruhoȱ TonyȱAntonelliȱ N/Aȱ

ISSȱOrbitȱ2ȱ(Lead)ȱ JoelȱMontalbanoȱ ShannonȱWalkerȱ N/Aȱ

ISSȱOrbitȱ3ȱ GingerȱKerrickȱ LuciaȱMcCulloughȱ N/Aȱ

StationȱTeamȱ4ȱ DerekȱHassmannȱ N/Aȱ N/Aȱ

ȱ ȱ ȱ
JSCȱPAOȱRepresentativeȱatȱKSCȱforȱLaunchȱ–ȱNicoleȱCloutierȬLemastersȱ
KSCȱLaunchȱCommentatorȱ–ȱMikeȱCurieȱ(Fueling),ȱGeorgeȱDillerȱ(Launch)ȱ
KSCȱLaunchȱDirectorȱ–ȱMikeȱLeinbachȱ
NASAȱLaunchȱTestȱDirectorȱ–ȱJeffȱSpaulding

JULY 2007
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MISSION PERSONNEL JULY 2007
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ȱ

STS-118 ENDEAVOUR PROCESSING MILESTONES

ȱ

ȱ
SpaceȱshuttleȱEndeavourȱisȱmomentsȱawayȱfromȱtouchȱdownȱonȱrunwayȱ33ȱatȱtheȱShuttleȱȱ
LandingȱFacilityȱonȱDec.ȱ7,ȱ2002,ȱbringingȱtoȱaȱcloseȱtheȱ13Ȭday,ȱ18Ȭhour,ȱ48Ȭminute,ȱȱ
5.74ȬmillionȱmileȱSTSȬ113ȱmissionȱtoȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStation.ȱ
ȱ
Endeavour (OV-105) Horizontal Processing

 STSȬ113ȱLandingȱ12/7/02ȱ

 SpaceȱShuttleȱProgramȱApprovalȱforȱOrbiterȱMajorȱModificationȱ6/16/03ȱ

 OrbiterȱMajorȱModificationȱStartȱDateȱ12/1/03ȱ

 OrbiterȱPowerȱUpȱ9/27/05ȱ

 RolloverȱtoȱVehicleȱAssemblyȱBuildingȱ7/2/07ȱ

 OrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱProcessingȱ–ȱ1,665ȱdaysȱ

JULY 2007
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MISSION MILESTONES 23
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
WorkersȱinȱtheȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱprepareȱtoȱremoveȱoneȱofȱtwoȱOrbiterȱManeuveringȱ
Systemȱ(OMS)ȱpodsȱfromȱEndeavourȱduringȱitsȱOrbiterȱMajorȱModification.ȱTheȱOMSȱpodsȱareȱ
attachedȱtoȱtheȱupperȱaftȱfuselageȱleftȱandȱrightȱsides.

External Tank/Solid Rocket Booster Processing

 SolidȱRocketȱBoosterȱStartȱStackȱ5/23/07ȱ

 ET/SRBȱMateȱ6/17/07ȱ

24
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MISSION MILESTONES JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
WorkstandsȱatȱvariousȱlevelsȱsurroundȱtheȱshuttleȱEndeavourȱinȱtheȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱ
(OPF).ȱTheȱOPFȱprovidesȱpostflightȱservicingȱandȱcheckout,ȱasȱwellȱasȱvehicleȱmodifications.ȱ

Integrated Processing

 Orbiter/ETȱmateȱ7/2/07ȱ

 PayloadȱDeliveryȱtoȱLaunchȱPadȱ(39A)ȱ7/09/07ȱ

 RolloutȱtoȱLaunchȱPadȱ(39A)ȱ7/11/07ȱ

 TerminalȱCountdownȱDemonstrationȱTestȱ7/19/07ȱ

 STSȬ118ȱLaunchȱ8/7/07ȱ

JULY 2007
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MISSION MILESTONES 25
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ȱ

ȱ
InȱOrbiterȱProcessingȱFacilityȱbayȱ2,ȱUnitedȱSpaceȱAllianceȱtechnicianȱLoraleeȱWoodburyȱmonitorsȱ
theȱlightedȱdisplayȱinȱspaceȱshuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱcockpitȱafterȱfullȱpowerȱupȱinȱSeptemberȱ2005,ȱtheȱ
firstȱtimeȱtheȱorbiterȱhadȱbeenȱpoweredȱupȱafterȱnearlyȱtwoȱyears.

Orbiter Maintenance and Modification Period

 ModificationsȱȬ194ȱcompletedȱ

 MissionȱActionȱRequestsȱ(Chits)ȱȬȱ205ȱcompletedȱ

 OperationalȱMaintenanceȱRequirementsȱandȱSpecificationsȱ(OMRS)ȱȬ13156ȱcompletedȱtoȱdateȱ

 IntensiveȱStructuralȱandȱWireȱInspectionsȱ

26
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ȱ
STS-118 ENDEAVOUR CREW
ȱ
ȱ
TheȱSTSȬ118ȱpatchȱrepresentsȱSpaceȱShuttleȱEnȬ
deavourȱonȱitsȱmissionȱtoȱhelpȱcompleteȱtheȱasȬ
semblyȱ ofȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ (ISS),ȱ
andȱ symbolizesȱ theȱ pursuitȱ ofȱ knowledgeȱ
throughȱ spaceȱ exploration.ȱ Theȱ flightȱ willȱ acȬ
complishȱitsȱISSȱ13A.1ȱassemblyȱtasksȱthroughȱaȱ
seriesȱ ofȱ spacewalks,ȱ roboticȱ operations,ȱ logisȬ
ticsȱ transfers,ȱ andȱ theȱ exchangeȱ ofȱ oneȱ ofȱ theȱ
threeȱ longȬdurationȱ expeditionȱ crewȱ members.ȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
Onȱ theȱ patch,ȱ theȱ topȱ ofȱ theȱ goldȱ astronautȱ
symbolȱ overlaysȱ theȱ starboardȱ SȬ5ȱ trussȱ segȬ
ment,ȱ highlightingȱ itsȱ installationȱ duringȱ theȱ
mission.ȱTheȱflameȱofȱknowledgeȱrepresentsȱtheȱ
importanceȱ ofȱ education,ȱ andȱ honorsȱ teachersȱ
andȱstudentsȱeverywhere.ȱTheȱsevenȱwhiteȱstarsȱ
andȱ theȱ redȱ mapleȱ leafȱ signifyȱ theȱ Americanȱ
andȱCanadianȱcrewȱmembers,ȱrespectively,ȱflyȬ
ingȱaboardȱEndeavour.ȱ
27
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
TheseȱsevenȱastronautsȱtakeȱaȱbreakȱfromȱtrainingȱtoȱposeȱforȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱcrewȱportrait.ȱPicturedȱ
fromȱtheȱleftȱareȱastronautsȱRickȱMastracchio,ȱmissionȱspecialist;ȱBarbaraȱR.ȱMorgan,ȱmissionȱ
specialist;ȱCharlieȱHobaugh,ȱpilot;ȱScottȱKelly,ȱcommander;ȱTracyȱCaldwell,ȱCanadianȱSpaceȱ
AgencyȇsȱDaveȱWilliams,ȱandȱAlvinȱDrew,ȱallȱmissionȱspecialists.ȱTheȱcrewmembersȱareȱȱ
attiredȱinȱtrainingȱversionsȱofȱtheirȱshuttleȱlaunchȱandȱentryȱsuits.ȱ

28
ȱ
CREW JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
STS-118 CREW BIOGRAPHIES
ScottȱKelly
AȱcommanderȱinȱtheȱU.S.ȱNavy,ȱScottȱKellyȱwillȱ
leadȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ crewȱ onȱ itsȱ missionȱ toȱ theȱ InȬ
ternationalȱ Spaceȱ Station.ȱ Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ secȬ
ondȱspaceflightȱforȱKelly,ȱwhoȱhasȱ191ȱhoursȱofȱ
spaceflightȱexperienceȱafterȱservingȱasȱtheȱpilotȱ
forȱ STSȬ103ȱ inȱ 1999,ȱ aȱ missionȱ toȱ theȱ Hubbleȱ
SpaceȱTelescope.ȱ
Kellyȱ willȱ beȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ executionȱ ofȱ
theȱ missionȱ andȱ overseeȱ allȱ crewȱ andȱ vehicleȱ
activities.ȱ Asȱ commander,ȱ heȱ willȱ flyȱ EndeavȬ
ourȱ duringȱ theȱ rendezvousȱ pitchȱ maneuver,ȱ aȱ
flipȱ thatȱ allowsȱ theȱ stationȱ crewȱ toȱ photographȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
theȱ shuttleȇsȱ heatȱ shieldȱ asȱ Endeavourȱ apȬ
proachesȱtheȱstation.ȱHeȱalsoȱwillȱflyȱtheȱshuttleȱ
duringȱtheȱactualȱdockingȱandȱtheȱlandingȱbackȱ
onȱEarth.ȱ
Kellyȱwasȱselectedȱasȱanȱastronautȱcandidateȱinȱ
Aprilȱ 1996,ȱ andȱ hasȱ heldȱ manyȱ technicalȱ posiȬ
tionsȱ inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Office.ȱ Theseȱ includeȱ
servingȱasȱNASA’sȱdirectorȱofȱoperationsȱinȱStarȱ
City,ȱ Russia,ȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ
BranchȱchiefȱandȱbackȬupȱcrewȱmemberȱforȱtheȱ
stationȇsȱExpeditionȱ5ȱmission.ȱ
29
 ȱ
ȱ
CharlieȱHobaughȱ
Joiningȱ Kellyȱ inȱ Endeavour’sȱ cockpitȱ willȱ beȱ
CharlieȱHobaugh,ȱservingȱasȱtheȱpilot.ȱThisȱalsoȱ
willȱ beȱ Hobaugh’sȱ secondȱ spaceflight.ȱ Hisȱ firstȱ
wasȱSTSȬ104ȱinȱ2001,ȱduringȱwhichȱheȱacquiredȱ
306ȱ hoursȱ andȱ 35ȱ minutesȱ inȱ space.ȱ Hisȱ rolesȱ
throughoutȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ includeȱ unȬ
dockingȱtheȱshuttleȱfromȱtheȱstationȱandȱoperatȬ
ingȱtheȱstationȇsȱroboticȱarm.ȱ
Aȱ lieutenantȱ colonelȱ inȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Marineȱ Corps,ȱ
Hobaughȱ hasȱ moreȱ thanȱ 3,000ȱ flightȱ hoursȱ inȱ
moreȱthanȱ40ȱdifferentȱaircraft.ȱ
30
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
HobaughȱjoinedȱNASAȱinȱAprilȱ1996.ȱAfterȱhisȱ
initialȱastronautȱ training,ȱheȱworkedȱinȱ theȱAsȬ
tronautȱ Officeȱ Spacecraftȱ Systems/Operationsȱ
Branch,ȱwhereȱheȱworkedȱonȱprojectsȱincludingȱ
theȱlandingȱandȱrolloutȱevaluatorȱinȱtheȱShuttleȱ
Avionicsȱ Integrationȱ Laboratory,ȱ Advancedȱ
Projects,ȱ Multifunctionȱ Electronicsȱ Displayȱ EnȬ
hancements,ȱ Advancedȱ Cockpitȱ andȱ Cockpitȱ
Upgrade,ȱ Rendezvousȱ andȱ Closeȱ Proximityȱ
Operationsȱ andȱ Visitingȱ Vehicles.ȱ Heȱ alsoȱ reȬ
centlyȱ servedȱ asȱ capsuleȱ communicator,ȱ workȬ
ingȱinȱtheȱMissionȱControlȱCenter.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
TracyȱCaldwellȱ
Tracyȱ Caldwell,ȱ whoȱ holdsȱ aȱ doctorateȱ inȱ
physicalȱ chemistry,ȱ willȱ serveȱ asȱ missionȱ speȬ
cialistȱ1ȱforȱ herȱfirstȱspaceflightȱsinceȱherȱselecȬ
tionȱ inȱ 1998.ȱ Sheȱ willȱ joinȱ Kellyȱ andȱ Hobaughȱ
onȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱtheȱascent,ȱsinceȱherȱmisȬ
sionȱ responsibilitiesȱ startȱ promptlyȱ afterȱ liftoff.ȱ
Sheȱ willȱ filmȱ theȱ jettisonȱ ofȱ theȱ externalȱ fuelȱ
tankȱ approximatelyȱ eightȱ minutesȱ intoȱ theȱ
flight.ȱ Caldwellȱ alsoȱ willȱ operateȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ
roboticȱarmȱtoȱinspectȱEndeavourȇsȱthermalȱtilesȱ
andȱ serveȱ asȱ theȱ intravehicularȱ officerȱ duringȱ
theȱmissionȇsȱspacewalks.ȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
Caldwellȱ hasȱ doneȱ manyȱ otherȱ jobsȱ inȱ theȱ AsȬ
tronautȱ Office,ȱ suchȱ asȱ conductingȱ testingȱ andȱ
integrationȱ ofȱ Russianȱ hardwareȱ andȱ softwareȱ
andȱ flightȱ softwareȱ verificationȱ inȱ theȱ Shuttleȱ
Avionicsȱ Integrationȱ Laboratoryȱ (SAIL).ȱ Sheȱ
servedȱ asȱ aȱ crewȱ supportȱ astronautȱ forȱ theȱ ExȬ
peditionȱ5ȱcrewȱandȱasȱaȱspacecraftȱcommunicaȬ
torȱ inȱ Missionȱ Control.ȱ Sheȱ alsoȱ hasȱ supportedȱ
launchȱandȱlandingȱoperationsȱatȱNASAȇsȱKenȬ
nedyȱSpaceȱCenter,ȱFla.ȱ
Caldwellȱisȱaȱprivateȱpilotȱandȱconversationalȱinȱ
AmericanȱSignȱLanguageȱ(ASL)ȱandȱRussian.ȱ
31
 ȱ
ȱ
RickȱMastracchioȱ
Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ secondȱ tripȱ toȱ spaceȱ forȱ Rickȱ
Mastracchio,ȱwhoȱwillȱserveȱasȱmissionȱspecialȬ
istȱ 2.ȱ Heȱ servedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ onȱ
STSȬ106ȱ Atlantisȱ inȱ 2000,ȱ aȱ 12Ȭdayȱ missionȱ toȱ
prepareȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ forȱ theȱ
arrivalȱofȱtheȱfirstȱpermanentȱcrew.ȱ
Mastracchioȱwillȱbeȱseatedȱonȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱ
bothȱ theȱ launchȱ andȱ landing.ȱ Hisȱ primaryȱ taskȱ
willȱ beȱ toȱ serveȱ asȱ EV1,ȱ orȱ spacewalkerȱ 1,ȱ forȱ
theȱ threeȱ spacewalksȱ plannedȱ forȱ theȱ mission.ȱ
32
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
He’llȱjoinȱfellowȱspacewalkerȱDaveȱWilliamsȱtoȱ
installȱ aȱ newȱ segmentȱ onȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ trussȱ orȱ
backbone.ȱ
Mastracchioȱ joinedȱ NASAȱ inȱ 1990ȱ asȱ anȱ engiȬ
neerȱ inȱ theȱ Flightȱ Crewȱ Operationsȱ Directorateȱ
andȱ laterȱ workedȱ asȱ anȱ ascent/entryȱ guidanceȱ
andȱproceduresȱofficerȱinȱMissionȱControl,ȱsupȬ
portingȱ 17ȱ shuttleȱ missionsȱ asȱ aȱ flightȱ controlȬ
ler.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
DaveȱWilliamsȱ
Daveȱ Williams,ȱ aȱ physician,ȱ isȱ aȱ veteranȱ astroȬ
nautȱ fromȱ theȱ Canadianȱ Spaceȱ Agency.ȱ Heȱ
joinedȱNASAȱinȱ1995ȱasȱpartȱofȱanȱinternationalȱ
classȱ ofȱ astronautȱ candidatesȱ andȱ wentȱ onȱ toȱ
serveȱasȱaȱmissionȱspecialistȱonȱSTSȬ90,ȱaȱ16Ȭdayȱ
flightȱknownȱasȱNeurolab.ȱ
Heȱalsoȱparticipatedȱinȱtwoȱmissionsȱaboardȱtheȱ
Aquariusȱ Underwaterȱ Laboratoryȱ offȱ theȱ FlorȬ
idaȱ Coast.ȱ Inȱ 2001,ȱ Williamsȱ servedȱ inȱ NASAȱ
Extremeȱ Environmentȱ Missionȱ Operationsȱ
(NEEMO)ȱ 1.ȱ Inȱ 2006,ȱ heȱ ledȱ NEEMOȱ 9,ȱ dediȬ
JULY 2007
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
catedȱ toȱ assessȱ newȱ waysȱ toȱ deliverȱ medicalȱ
careȱtoȱaȱremoteȱlocation,ȱasȱwouldȱbeȱnecessaryȱ
inȱaȱlongȱspaceflight.ȱ
Forȱ fourȱ years,ȱ Williamsȱ servedȱ asȱ directorȱ ofȱ
theȱ Spaceȱ andȱ Lifeȱ Sciencesȱ Directorateȱ andȱ
concurrentlyȱ heldȱ aȱ sixȬmonthȱ positionȱ asȱ theȱ
firstȱ deputyȱ associatedȱ administratorȱ forȱ crewȱ
healthȱandȱsafetyȱinȱtheȱOfficeȱofȱSpaceȱFlightȱatȱ
NASAȱHeadquarters.ȱ
Forȱ STSȬ118,ȱ Williamsȱ willȱ flyȱ inȱ theȱ middeck,ȱ
andȱwillȱconductȱatȱleastȱtwoȱspacewalks.ȱ
33
 ȱ
ȱ
BarbaraȱR.ȱMorganȱ
Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ firstȱ spaceflightȱ forȱ Barbaraȱ R.ȱ
Morgan,ȱ missionȱ specialistȱ 4.ȱ Morganȱ willȱ rideȱ
inȱtheȱmiddeckȱforȱtheȱlaunchȱofȱEndeavourȱandȱ
beȱseatedȱinȱtheȱflightȱdeckȱforȱentryȱandȱlandȬ
ing.ȱ Asȱ theȱ Ȉloadmaster,Ȉȱ Morganȱ isȱ theȱ crewȱ
memberȱ responsibleȱ forȱ theȱ 5,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ
suppliesȱandȱequipmentȱthatȱwillȱbeȱtransferredȱ
betweenȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱ theȱ spaceȱ station.ȱ Sheȱ
alsoȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱstationȱroboticȱ
armsȱduringȱdelicateȱspacewalkȱandȱinstallationȱ
tasks.ȱ
Morganȱ wasȱ selectedȱ asȱ theȱ backupȱ candidateȱ
forȱ theȱ NASAȱ Teacherȱ inȱ Spaceȱ Projectȱ onȱ Julyȱ
34
ȱ
CREW
ȱ
19,ȱ1985.ȱFromȱSeptemberȱ1985ȱtoȱJanuaryȱ1986,ȱ
MorganȱtrainedȱwithȱChristaȱMcAuliffeȱandȱtheȱ
ChallengerȱcrewȱatȱNASA’sȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenȬ
ter,ȱ Houston.ȱ Followingȱ theȱ Challengerȱ acciȬ
dent,ȱMorganȱassumedȱtheȱdutiesȱofȱTeacherȱinȱ
Spaceȱ designee,ȱ speakingȱ toȱ educationalȱ orȬ
ganizationsȱ throughoutȱ theȱ country.ȱ Inȱ theȱ fallȱ
ofȱ 1986,ȱ Morganȱ returnedȱ toȱ Idahoȱ toȱ resumeȱ
herȱteachingȱcareer,ȱbutȱreturnedȱtoȱNASAȱasȱaȱ
missionȱ specialistȱ inȱ Januaryȱ 1998.ȱ Sheȱ hasȱ
servedȱ numerousȱ technicalȱ jobsȱ inȱ theȱ AstroȬ
nautȱOffice.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
AlvinȱDrew

Thisȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ firstȱ flightȱ toȱ spaceȱ forȱ Alvinȱ
Drew,ȱ whoȱ wasȱ assignedȱ inȱ Mayȱ toȱ thisȱ misȬ
sion.ȱ Drew,ȱ whoȱ willȱ rideȱ inȱ theȱ middeckȱ forȱ
bothȱ ascentȱ andȱ landing,ȱ willȱ serveȱ asȱ missionȱ
specialistȱ 5.ȱ Heȱ willȱ assistȱ withȱ cargoȱ transferȱ
andȱ otherȱ missionȱ support,ȱ includingȱ docuȬ
mentingȱ operationsȱ withȱ photographsȱ andȱ
video.ȱ
Heȱ wasȱ selectedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ byȱ
NASAȱ inȱ 2000ȱ andȱ supportedȱ technicalȱ dutiesȱ
inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ Stationȱ Operationsȱ
Branch.ȱ Drewȱ isȱ alsoȱ aȱ colonelȱ inȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Airȱ
Forceȱ andȱ flewȱ combatȱ missionsȱ inȱ operationsȱ
Justȱ Cause,ȱ Desertȱ Shield/Desertȱ Storm,ȱ andȱ
Provideȱ Comfort.ȱ Heȱ hasȱ commandedȱ twoȱ
flightȱ testȱ unitsȱ andȱ servedȱ onȱ Airȱ Combatȱ
Commandȱ Staff.ȱ Heȱ isȱ aȱ commandȱ pilotȱ withȱ
3,000ȱ hoursȱ inȱ moreȱ thanȱ 30ȱ typesȱ ofȱ aircraft.

JULY 2007
ȱ
CREW 35
 ȱ
ȱ

Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ

36
ȱ
MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
ȱ

ȱ
TheȱS5ȱshortȱspacerȱisȱshownȱinȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱProcessingȱȱ
FacilityȱatȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenter.ȱ

STARBOARD 5 (S5) SHORT SPACER
Duringȱ STSȬ118,ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ Endeavourȱ willȱ
deliverȱ asȱ itsȱ primaryȱ payloadȱ theȱBoeingȬbuiltȱ
squareȬshapedȱStarboardȱ5ȱsegmentȱtoȱtheȱrightȱ
sideȱ ofȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȇsȱ backȬ
bone.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ alsoȱ includesȱ moreȱ
thanȱ 740ȱ eitherȱ BoeingȬbuiltȱ and/orȱ BoeingȬ
designedȱ flightȱ hardwareȱ componentsȱ toȱ theȱ
station.ȱ S5ȱ isȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ 11Ȭsegmentȱ integratedȱ
trussȱ structureȱ (ITS)ȱ andȱ theȱ thirdȱ starboardȱ
trussȱ elementȱ toȱ beȱ delivered.ȱ Withoutȱ S5,ȱ oneȱ
quarterȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ station’sȱ powerȱ cannotȱ beȱ
realized.ȱ Theȱ ITSȱ formsȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ backboneȱ
withȱmountingsȱforȱunpressurizedȱlogisticsȱcarȬ
riers,ȱ radiators,ȱ solarȱ arraysȱ andȱ variousȱ otherȱ
elements.ȱS5ȱwillȱbeȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱStarboardȱ4ȱ
(S4)ȱtrussȱelementȱviaȱtheȱModifiedȱRocketdyneȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 37
 ȱ
ȱ
Trussȱ Attachmentȱ Systemȱ (MRTAS)ȱ interface.ȱ
S5ȱ isȱ usedȱ primarilyȱ toȱ connectȱ power,ȱ coolingȱ
linesȱ andȱ serveȱ asȱ aȱ spacerȱ betweenȱ theȱ S4ȱ
photovoltaicȱ moduleȱ (PVM)ȱ andȱ Starboardȱ 6ȱ
(S6)ȱ PVM,ȱ whichȱ willȱ beȱ joinedȱ duringȱ aȱ laterȱ
assemblyȱ mission.ȱ S5ȱ isȱ veryȱ similarȱ inȱ conȬ
structionȱ toȱ theȱ longȱ spacerȱ locatedȱ onȱ S6.ȱ
WithoutȱtheȱS5ȱshortȱspacer,ȱtheȱS4ȱandȱS6ȱsolarȱ
arraysȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱconnectȱdueȱtoȱtheȱ
wayȱ theȱ photovoltaicȱ arraysȱ (PVA)ȱ areȱ deȬ
ployedȱonȬorbit.ȱ
Theȱ girderȬlikeȱ structureȱ isȱ madeȱ ofȱ mostlyȱ
aluminumȱ andȱ providesȱ severalȱ extravehicularȱ
aids,ȱ roboticȱ interfaces,ȱ ammoniaȱ servicingȱ
hardwareȱ (asȱ partȱ ofȱ theȱ Station’sȱ Externalȱ AcȬ
tiveȱ Thermalȱ Controlȱ Systemȱ thatȱ allowsȱ amȬ
moniaȱ fluidȱ toȱ transferȱ fromȱ S4ȱ toȱ S6)ȱ andȱ canȱ
alsoȱaccommodateȱanȱexternalȱstorageȱplatform.ȱ
Theȱ Enhancedȱ Universalȱ Trunnionȱ Attachmentȱ
Systemȱ (EUTAS)ȱ allowsȱ platformsȱ toȱ beȱ atȬ
tachedȱ toȱ S5ȱ forȱ theȱ storageȱ ofȱ additionalȱ sciȬ
enceȱ payloadsȱ orȱ spareȱ Orbitalȱ Replacementȱ
Units.ȱS5ȱalsoȱhasȱwhiteȱthermalȱblanketsȱonȱtheȱ
structure,ȱwhichȱhelpȱ shadeȱtheȱS4ȱSolarȱ Arrayȱ
AssemblyȱORUs.ȱ
S5 Specifications
Dimensions: Length is 132.813 inches or
11 feet and 0.813 inches
(3.37 meters)
Width is 179.014 inches or
14 feet, 11 inches
(4.55 meters)
Height is 167.031 inches or
13 feet and 11 inches
(4.24 meters)
Weight: 4,010 lbs
Cost: $10,971,693
38
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
S5ȱisȱtransferredȱusingȱtheȱshuttleȱarmȱfromȱtheȱ
payloadȱ bayȱ toȱ theȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ Roboticȱ MaȬ
nipulatorȱ Systemȱ (SSRMS)ȱ whereȱ itȱ willȱ beȱ
placedȱ intoȱ theȱ installȱ orȱ softȬdockȱ position.ȱ
WhileȱbeingȱmovedȱonȱtheȱSSRMS,ȱS5ȱwillȱhaveȱ
aboutȱtwoȱinchesȱofȱclearanceȱasȱitȱpassesȱtheȱS4ȱ
SequentialȱShuntȱUnitȱ(SSU).ȱTheȱtrussȱelementȱ
isȱ installedȱ roboticallyȱ withȱ helpȱ fromȱ crewȱ
members.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ firstȱ spacewalk,ȱ astroȬ
nautsȱ willȱ useȱ theȱ MRTASȱ toȱ connectȱ S5ȱ toȱ S4ȱ
byȱ usingȱ theirȱ portableȱ handȱ toolsȱ toȱ driveȱ inȱ
fourȱ 3/4ȱ inchȱ diameterȱ primaryȱ boltsȱ inȱ eachȱ
corner.ȱIfȱaȱprimaryȱboltȱcannotȱbeȱsecured,ȱtwoȱ
contingencyȱ boltsȱ atȱ eachȱ cornerȱ onȱ S5ȱ canȱ beȱ
tightenedȱintoȱtheȱnutȱassembliesȱonȱS4.ȱ
AnotherȱuniqueȱfeatureȱofȱS5ȱisȱtheȱPhotovoltaicȱ
RadiatorȱGrappleȱFeatureȱ(PVRGF).ȱForȱlaunch,ȱ
theȱPVRGFȱisȱstowedȱonȱtopȱ(zenith)ȱofȱS5ȱandȱ
isȱ usedȱ byȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱ stationȱ roboticȱ armsȱ
toȱgrabȱS5ȱandȱpullȱitȱoutȱandȱattachȱit.ȱAfterȱS5ȱ
isȱattachedȱtoȱS4,ȱtheȱPVRGFȱwillȱbeȱrelocatedȱtoȱ
theȱ keelȱ duringȱ theȱ firstȱ spacewalkȱ byȱ usingȱ
fourȱfasteners.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱalsoȱisȱusedȱtoȱgrapȬ
pleȱ theȱ station’sȱ photovoltaicȱ radiatorsȱ (PVR)ȱ
locatedȱonȱP3/P4,ȱS3/S4,ȱP6ȱandȱS6.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱ
canȱbeȱusedȱtoȱreplaceȱaȱPVR,ȱshouldȱtheyȱmalȬ
functionȱorȱbecomeȱdamagedȱfromȱdebrisȱwhileȱ
onȱorbit.ȱ
Boeing’sȱ Rocketdyneȱ Powerȱ andȱ Propulsionȱ
(nowȱ Prattȱ andȱ Whitney)ȱ designedȱ S5.ȱ S5ȱ wasȱ
constructedȱ inȱ Tulsa,ȱ Okla.,ȱ inȱ 2000.ȱ S5ȱ arrivedȱ
atȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱJulyȱ19,ȱ2001,ȱforȱfinalȱ
manufacture,ȱ acceptanceȱ andȱ checkout.ȱ Boeingȱ
willȱcontinueȱtoȱprovideȱsustainingȱengineeringȱ
ofȱS5ȱandȱforȱtheȱentireȱ310Ȭfootȱintegratedȱtrussȱ
assembly.
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
DrawingȱshowsȱtheȱPhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱGrappleȱFeatureȱ(PVRGF)ȱȱ
attachedȱtoȱaȱfoldedȱphotovoltaicȱradiatorȱ(PVR)ȱ
ȱ
EXTERNAL STOWAGE PLATFORM-3 ESPȬ3ȱ isȱ anȱ externalȱ palletȱ thatȱ canȱ securelyȱ
holdȱupȱtoȱsevenȱcriticalȱspareȱparts,ȱorȱOrbitalȱ
Forȱtheȱfirstȱtimeȱever,ȱspaceȱshuttleȱastronautsȱ Replacementȱ Unitsȱ (ORUs),ȱ forȱ theȱ station.ȱ
willȱnotȱhaveȱtoȱconductȱaȱspacewalkȱtoȱinstallȱaȱ ESPȬ3ȱisȱtheȱthirdȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱexternalȱstorageȱ
vitalȱ pieceȱ ofȱ equipmentȱ ontoȱ theȱ Internationalȱ palletsȱ transportedȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ
SpaceȱStationȱ(ISS).ȱTheȱeffortȱtoȱinstallȱaȱstowȬ attachedȱtoȱtheȱPortȱ3ȱtrussȱelement.ȱESPȬ1ȱwasȱ
ageȱ platformȱ equippedȱ withȱ crucialȱ BoeingȬ installedȱ toȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ U.S.ȱ Destinyȱ Labȱ onȱ
builtȱ spareȱ partsȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ STSȬ102/ȱ 5A.1ȱ inȱ Marchȱ 2001.ȱ ESPȬ2ȱ wasȱ inȬ
willȱbeȱdoneȱcompletelyȱbyȱrobotics,ȱusingȱonlyȱ stalledȱ toȱ theȱ U.S.ȱ Airlockȱ onȱ STSȬ114//LF1ȱ inȱ
theȱshuttleȱandȱstation’sȱroboticȱarms,ȱanȱExterȬ Augustȱ2005.ȱ
nalȱ Berthingȱ Cameraȱ Systemȱ (BCS)ȱ andȱ aȱ
Photovoltaicȱ Radiatorȱ Grappleȱ Fixtureȱ Theȱ Boeingȱ partsȱflownȱ onȱ theȱESPȬ3ȱ includeȱaȱ
(PVRGF).ȱAstronautsȱwillȱroboticallyȱinstallȱtheȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ (CMG)ȱ forȱ stationȱ
platformȱontoȱtheȱstationȇsȱPortȱ3ȱtrussȱelementȱ attitudeȱ control,ȱ aȱ Nitrogenȱ Tankȱ Assemblyȱ
duringȱtheȱmission’sȱseventhȱday.ȱ (NTA)ȱforȱpressurizingȱexternalȱthermalȱcontrolȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 39
 ȱ
ȱ
systemȱ ammoniaȱ linesȱ andȱ Batteryȱ
Charge/Dischargeȱ Unitȱ (BCDU)ȱ forȱ chargingȱ
stationȱbatteries.ȱ
ESPȬ3ȱ hasȱ sixȱ Flightȱ Releasableȱ Attachmentȱ
Mechanismsȱ (FRAM)ȱ toȱ secureȱ orȱ releaseȱ theȱ
ORUsȱandȱotherȱequipmentȱstoredȱonȱitȱandȱanȱ
Ammoniaȱ Tankȱ Assemblyȱ (ATA)ȱ Flightȱ SupȬ
portȱ Equipmentȱ (FSE)ȱ directlyȱ mountedȱ toȱ aȱ
seventhȱsite.ȱLikeȱESPȬ2,ȱtheȱplatformȱisȱderivedȱ
fromȱ anȱ Integratedȱ Cargoȱ Carrierȱ (ICC),ȱ anȱ
equipmentȱcarrierȱdesignedȱforȱuseȱinȱtheȱshutȬ
tleȇsȱ payload,ȱ andȱ adaptedȱ forȱ deploymentȱ onȱ
theȱstationȱbyȱdevelopingȱaȱdeviceȱtoȱattachȱitȱtoȱ
ISSȱstructure.ȱ
Electricalȱ powerȱ forȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ palletȱ andȱ itsȱ
contentsȱisȱprovidedȱbyȱtheȱshuttleȱwhileȱinȱtheȱ
payloadȱbayȱandȱbyȱtheȱstationȱafterȱinstallationȱ
onȱ P3.ȱ Mostȱ ofȱ theȱ ORUsȱ haveȱ heatersȱ toȱ keepȱ
theirȱinternalȱcomponentsȱfromȱgettingȱtooȱcoldȱ
whileȱ storedȱ onȱ theȱ ESPȬ3,ȱ althoughȱ onlyȱ theȱ
CMGȱ ORUȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ drawȱ heaterȱ powerȱ
dueȱ toȱ itsȱ +35ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ thermostatȱ
setting.ȱ Theȱ CMGȱ ORUȱ isȱ removedȱ fromȱ theȱ
ESPȬ3ȱbyȱtheȱEVAȱcrewȱ(withȱroboticȱassist)ȱonȱ
flightȱdayȱ6ȱandȱtransferredȱtoȱtheȱESPȬ2ȱonȱtheȱ
JointȱAirlockȱasȱpartȱofȱtheȱCMGȬ3ȱremovalȱandȱ
replacementȱ activity.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȱ powerȱ cablesȱ
areȱ disconnectedȱ fromȱ theȱ ESPȬ2ȱ justȱ priorȱ toȱ
CMGȱremoval.ȱ
Withȱ theȱ berthingȱ cameraȱ andȱ grappleȱ fixtureȱ
asȱaides,ȱtheȱESPȬ3ȱinstallationȱprocessȱinvolvesȱ
Endeavourȱ astronautsȱ removingȱ theȱ platformȱ
fromȱ theȱ shuttleȱ payloadȱ bayȱ onȱ flightȱ dayȱ 7ȱ
withȱ itsȱ roboticȱ armȱ andȱ handingȱ itȱ offȱ toȱ theȱ
station’sȱ roboticȱ arm.ȱ Theȱ station’sȱ roboticȱ armȱ
willȱ thenȱ mountȱ ESPȬ3ȱ directlyȱ toȱ theȱ Portȱ 3ȱ
trussȱ element.ȱ Primaryȱ powerȱ forȱ ESPȬ3ȱ comesȱ
fromȱ theȱ stationȱ throughȱ theȱ Portȱ 3ȱ trussȱ segȬ
ment.

ȱ
TheȱExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3)ȱisȱtheȱfirstȱInternationalȱSpaceȱȱ
Stationȱelementȱthatȱwillȱbeȱwillȱbeȱinstalledȱcompletelyȱbyȱrobotics.

40
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
ESP-3 launches with the following ORUs:
x Batteryȱ Charge/Dischargeȱ Unitȱ (BCDU)ȱ –ȱ
Theȱ BCDUȱ chargesȱ batteriesȱ andȱ providesȱ
conditionedȱ batteryȱ powerȱ toȱ powerȱ busesȱ
duringȱeclipseȱperiods.ȱ
x Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ (CMG)ȱ –ȱ Theȱ
CMGȱ maintainsȱ theȱ stationȱ inȱ theȱ desiredȱ
attitude,ȱ andȱ theȱ CMGȱ systemȱ mustȱ cancelȱ
orȱ absorbȱ theȱ momentumȱ generatedȱ byȱ theȱ
disturbanceȱtorquesȱactingȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱ
x NitrogenȱTankȱAssemblyȱ(NTA)ȱ–ȱTheȱNTAȱ
isȱanȱORUȱforȱoneȱofȱtwoȱinstalledȱNTAsȱonȱ
theȱ S1ȱ andȱ P1ȱ Trussȱ thatȱ provideȱ aȱ backȱ
pressureȱ forȱ ammoniaȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ therȬ
malȱcontrolȱsystemȱlines.ȱ
x Pitchȱ Rollȱ Jointȱ (P/RȬJ)ȱ –ȱ Theȱ P/RȬJȱ isȱ anȱ
ORUȱ providedȱ byȱ theȱ Canadianȱ Spaceȱ
AgencyȱforȱtheȱCanadaARMȱ2,ȱorȱSpaceȱStaȬ
tionȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ(SSRMS).ȱ
ESP-3 Statistics:
ProjectȱIntegrator:ȱLockheedȱMartinȱ
MajorȱContractors:ȱ
ICCȱ–ȱSPACEHABȱInc.ȱ
PowerȱCablesȱ–ȱBoeingȱ
ORUsȱ –ȱ Boeing,ȱ Honeywell,ȱ Lockheedȱ SunnyȬ
vale,ȱandȱLoralȱ
ORUȱFSEȱ–ȱLockheedȱ
Purpose:ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ isȱ anȱ unpressurizedȱ externalȱ
storageȱpalletȱwithȱeightȱattachmentȱsitesȱcapaȬ
bleȱ ofȱ holdingȱ upȱ toȱ sevenȱ ISSȱ spareȱ partsȱ andȱ
assemblies.ȱ Theȱ palletȱ alsoȱ hasȱ handrailsȱ andȱ
attachmentȱpointsȱforȱtethersȱandȱfootȱrestraintsȱ
thatȱastronautsȱcanȱuseȱwhileȱworkingȱwithȱtheȱ
ORUsȱonȱtheȱESPȬ3.ȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
Weight:ȱEmptyȱstructureȱweighsȱaboutȱ6,937.44ȱ
pounds.ȱ(2901.7ȱkg).ȱAtȱlaunchȱwithȱORUsȱandȱ
otherȱ equipment,ȱ ESPȬ3ȱ willȱ weighȱ aboutȱ
7,495.46ȱpoundsȱ(3399.7ȱkg).ȱ
Dimensions:ȱ4ȱmetersȱbyȱ2.2ȱmetersȱ
Structure:ȱAnȱIntegratedȱCargoȱCarrierȱ(ICC)ȱisȱ
theȱbasicȱstructureȱofȱESPȬ3ȱwithȱsixȱFRAMȱsitesȱ
attachedȱ andȱ oneȱ directȱ mountȱ ATAȱ FSE.ȱ Theȱ
Passiveȱ Carrierȱ Attachmentȱ Systemȱ (PCAS)ȱ
structure,ȱ developedȱ byȱ NASAȇsȱ Goddardȱ
Spaceȱ Flightȱ Center,ȱ connectsȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ toȱ theȱ
P3ȱ CAS.ȱ Eachȱ ORUȱ hasȱ anȱ activeȱ FRAMȱ toȱ atȬ
tachȱ theȱORU/FlightȱSupportȱ Equipmentȱtoȱtheȱ
passiveȱFRAMȱsiteȱmountedȱonȱtheȱESPȬ3.ȱ
Construction:ȱ Integrationȱ ofȱ theȱ ORUsȱ withȱ
theirȱ Flightȱ Supportȱ Equipmentȱ ontoȱ theȱ ICCȱ
wasȱ performedȱ byȱ SPACEHAB,ȱ Inc.ȱ atȱ Capeȱ
Canaveral,ȱFla.ȱOnceȱtheȱORUsȱwereȱintegratedȱ
ontoȱ theȱ ESPȬ3ȱ byȱ SPACEHAB,ȱ theȱ entireȱ asȬ
semblyȱwasȱtransferredȱtoȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenȬ
ter’sȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ Processingȱ Facilityȱ forȱ finalȱ
processing.ȱ
SPACEHAB’S LOGISTICS SINGLE
MODULE
TheȱLogisticsȱSingleȱModuleȱ(LSM)ȱisȱaȱpressurȬ
izedȱ aluminumȱ habitatȱ thatȱ isȱ carriedȱ inȱ theȱ
spaceȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ bayȱ toȱ enhanceȱ theȱ onȬ
boardȱ workingȱ andȱ livingȱ environmentȱ forȱ theȱ
crew.ȱ Connectedȱ toȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ middeckȱ byȱ aȱ
pressurizedȱ accessȱ tunnel,ȱ theȱ LSMȱ isȱ aboutȱ 10ȱ
feetȱ long,ȱ 14ȱ feetȱ wideȱ andȱ 11ȱ feetȱ high.ȱ Thisȱ
combinationȱ pressurizedȱ cargoȱ carrier/researchȱ
laboratoryȱ offersȱ 1,100ȱ cubicȱ feetȱ ofȱ habitableȱ
volume.ȱ Theȱ LSMȱ canȱ accommodateȱ upȱ toȱ 118ȱ
middeckȱ lockerȱ equivalentȱ volumesȱ onȱ theȱ
moduleȱ bulkheads,ȱ theȱ doubleȱ rackȱ andȱ theȱ
Maximumȱ Envelopeȱ Stowageȱ Systemȱ (MESS)ȱ
rack.ȱ Theȱ MESSȱ rackȱ alsoȱ hasȱ theȱ capabilityȱ toȱ
41
 ȱ
ȱ
accommodateȱ oversizedȱ items.ȱ Withȱ aȱ payloadȱ
capacityȱ ofȱ 6,000ȱ pounds,ȱ theȱ LSMȱ willȱ carryȱ aȱ
multitudeȱ ofȱ pressurizedȱ cargoȱ andȱ researchȱ
payloadsȱonȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.ȱPayloadsȱthatȱ
SPACEHABȱ willȱ beȱ integratingȱ ontoȱ theȱ LSMȱ
includeȱcargoȱtransferȱbags,ȱwhichȱcarryȱessenȬ
tialȱ crewȱ provisionsȱ includingȱ food,ȱ personalȱ
itemsȱ andȱ clothing,ȱ hardwareȱ requiredȱ forȱ opȬ
eratingȱ theȱ spadeȱ stationȱ andȱ researchȱ payȬ
loads.ȱ
Uponȱitsȱreturnȱhome,ȱtheȱLSMȱwillȱbringȱbackȱ
aboutȱ 3,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ cargoȱ includingȱ aȱ highȱ
priorityȱDepartmentȱofȱDefenseȱpayloadȱknownȱ
asȱtheȱȈMISSEȱPEC.ȈȱThisȱsuitcaseȬsizedȱtestȱbedȱ
wasȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱspaceȱstationȱ
inȱJulyȱ2006ȱandȱcontainedȱaboutȱ875ȱspecimensȱ
ofȱ variousȱ materials,ȱ representingȱ 40ȱ differentȱ
investigatorsȱ includingȱ governmentȱ researchȬ
ers,ȱ aerospaceȱ contractorsȱ andȱ manufacturers.ȱ
Theȱ containersȱ exposedȱ hundredsȱ ofȱ potentialȱ
spaceȱ constructionȱ materialsȱ andȱ solarȱ cellsȱ toȱ
theȱharshȱenvironmentȱofȱspace.ȱWhenȱEndeavȬ
ourȱ returnsȱ toȱ Earth,ȱ theȱ equipmentȱ willȱ unȬ
dergoȱ analysis,ȱ providingȱ investigatorsȱ withȱ
dataȱtoȱdesignȱmoreȱdurableȱspacecraft.ȱ
SPACEHAB Bioscience Payload
Duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ SPACEHABȱ willȱ
beȱ facilitatingȱ PreȬProcessingȱ Testsȱ (PPTs)ȱ onȱ
twoȱsignificantȱbioscienceȱpayloadsȱstowedȱinȱaȱ
spaceȱshuttleȱmiddeckȱlocker.ȱTheȱPPTsȱareȱexȬ
pectedȱ toȱ validateȱ microgravityȱ bioscienceȱ
techniques,ȱestablishingȱtheȱgroundworkȱforȱtheȱ
companyȇsȱ futureȱ roleȱ forȱ theȱ processingȱ ofȱ
pharmaceuticalȱ andȱ advancedȱ materialsȱ inȱ miȬ
crogravity.

ȱ
InȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱProcessingȱFacility,ȱworkersȱprepareȱtheȱSpacehabȱmoduleȱforȱitsȱȱ
moveȱtoȱtheȱpayloadȱcanister.ȱTheȱmoduleȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱpayloadȱonȱmissionȱSTSȬ118ȱȱ
andȱwillȱbeȱloadedȱintoȱSpaceȱShuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱpayloadȱbayȱatȱtheȱpad.ȱ

42
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
MOTION CONTROL SUBSYSTEM Atȱ leastȱ twoȱ CMGsȱ areȱ neededȱ toȱ provideȱ attiȬ
tudeȱcontrolȱandȱareȱtheȱminimumȱnecessaryȱtoȱ
Theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ (ISS)ȱ controlȱ steerȱandȱsteadyȱtheȱstationȱasȱitȱtravelsȱaroundȱ
systemȱ isȱ composedȱ ofȱ Russianȱ andȱ U.S.ȱ segȬ theȱ Earthȱ everyȱ 90ȱ minutesȱ atȱ aȱ speedȱ ofȱ moreȱ
mentsȱthatȱmaintainȱattitudeȱcontrol.ȱWhenȱtheȱ thanȱfiveȱmilesȱeachȱsecond.ȱ
Russianȱsegmentȱisȱinȱcontrol,ȱitȱusesȱthrusters,ȱ
whichȱburnȱpropellant.ȱWhenȱtheȱU.S.ȱsegmentȱ Theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ currentlyȱ hasȱ
isȱ inȱ control,ȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopesȱ threeȱ CMGsȱ operatingȱ normally,ȱ andȱ oneȱ thatȱ
(CMGs),ȱmanufacturedȱbyȱL3ȱCommunications,ȱ hasȱ beenȱ shutȱ downȱ dueȱ toȱ highȱ vibrations.ȱ
areȱ used.ȱ Fourȱ CMGsȱ areȱ mountedȱ onȱ theȱ Z1ȱ Thisȱ CMGȱ isȱ scheduledȱ toȱ beȱ replacedȱ onȱ
truss.ȱ Theȱ trussȱ isȱ anȱ exteriorȱ frameworkȱ thatȱ STSȬ118.ȱ
housesȱ theȱ gyroscopesȱ andȱ someȱ communicaȬ
CMG Statistics:
tionsȱ equipmentȱ andȱ temporarilyȱ servesȱ asȱ aȱ
mountingȱ platformȱ forȱ largeȱ solarȱ arrays,ȱ nowȱ Primaryȱintegrator:ȱBoeingȱ
retracted,ȱ thatȱ providedȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ
beforeȱpermanentȱsolarȱarraysȱwereȱinstalledȱonȱ Manufacturer:ȱ L3ȱ Communications,ȱ Spaceȱ andȱ
theȱ mainȱ USȱ powerȱ truss.ȱ Aȱ shuttleȱ crewȱ inȬ NavigationȱDivision,ȱBuddȱLake,ȱN.J.ȱ
stalledȱtheȱZ1ȱtrussȱwithȱtheȱfourȱgyroscopesȱinȱ
Weight:ȱ600ȱpoundsȱ
Octoberȱ2000.ȱ
Purpose:ȱ Controlȱ theȱ attitudeȱ ofȱ theȱ InternaȬ
Toȱ maintainȱ theȱ stationȱ inȱ theȱ desiredȱ attitude,ȱ
tionalȱSpaceȱStationȱwithoutȱuseȱofȱpropellantȱ
theȱ CMGȱ systemȱ mustȱ cancelȱ orȱ absorbȱ theȱ
momentumȱ generatedȱ byȱ theȱ disturbanceȱ Structure:ȱ Eachȱ CMGȱ containsȱ aȱ 220Ȭpoundȱ
torquesȱactingȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱTheȱCMGsȱrelyȱonȱ stainlessȱsteelȱflywheelȱthatȱspinsȱatȱ6,600ȱrpm.ȱ
electricalȱpowerȱreadilyȱavailableȱfromȱtheȱsolarȱ
poweredȱelectricalȱsubsystem.ȱ Removalȱ andȱ Installation:ȱ Onlyȱ sixȱ boltsȱ andȱ
fourȱ powerȱ connectorsȱ needȱ toȱ beȱ detachedȱ toȱ
Eachȱ CMGȱ weighsȱ approximatelyȱ 600ȱ pounds.ȱ removeȱ theȱ Controlȱ Momentȱ Gyroscopeȱ fromȱ
Aȱ CMGȱ consistsȱ ofȱ aȱ largeȱ flatȱ 220Ȭpoundȱ theȱstationȇsȱZ1ȱTruss.ȱ
stainlessȱsteelȱflywheelȱthatȱrotatesȱatȱaȱconstantȱ
speedȱ (6,600ȱ rpm)ȱ andȱ developsȱ anȱ angularȱ
momentumȱ ofȱ 3,600ȱ ftȬlbȬsecȱ (4,880ȱ NewtonȬ
meterȬsec)ȱ aboutȱ itsȱ spinȱ axis.ȱ Thisȱ rotatingȱ
wheelȱ isȱ mountedȱ inȱ aȱ twoȬdegreeȬofȬfreedomȱ
gimbalȱ systemȱ thatȱ canȱ pointȱ theȱ spinȱ axisȱ
(momentumȱ vector)ȱ ofȱ theȱ wheelȱ inȱ anyȱ direcȬ
tion.ȱ Controlȱ motorsȱ onȱ theȱ CMGȱ gimbalsȱ
changeȱtheȱorientationȱofȱtheȱspinningȱrotorsȱtoȱ
produceȱ torqueȱ onȱ theȱ stationȱ toȱ balanceȱ theȱ
effectsȱ ofȱ gravityȱ andȱ aerodynamics,ȱ maintainȬ
ingȱ theȱ stationȱ atȱ anȱ equilibriumȱ attitudeȱ withȬ
outȱusingȱpropellant.ȱ ȱ
ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW 43
 ȱ
ȱ
STATION-TO-SHUTTLE POWER
TRANSFER SYSTEM (SSPTS)
Afterȱ anȱ unprecedentedȱ seriesȱ ofȱ threeȱ stationȱ
spacewalksȱ inȱ February,ȱ theȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ
Powerȱ Transferȱ Systemȱ (SSPTS)ȱ onboardȱ theȱ
spaceȱstationȱisȱcompleteȱandȱwillȱallowȱtheȱstaȬ
tionȱ toȱ supplementȱ theȱ shuttlesȱ withȱ electricalȱ
power.ȱ Shuttleȱ modificationsȱ wereȱ completedȱ
inȱMayȱ2007,ȱandȱtheȱnewȱcapabilityȱwillȱenableȱ
theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ stayȱ onȬorbitȱ longer,ȱ provideȱ adȬ
ditionalȱcrewȱtimeȱforȱscienceȱactivitiesȱandȱExȬ
traȱ Vehicularȱ Activitiesȱ (EVA),ȱ andȱ permitȱ adȬ
ditionalȱcargoȱtoȱbeȱunloadedȱbyȱastronauts.ȱ
TheȱspaceȱshuttleȱDiscoveryȱwasȱtheȱlastȱofȱtheȱ
threeȱshuttlesȱtoȱbeȱupgraded,ȱandȱtheȱnewȱsysȬ
temȱwillȱbeȱutilizedȱduringȱshuttleȱEndeavourȇsȱ
STSȬ118ȱmission.ȱEndeavourȱwasȱtheȱfirstȱofȱtheȱ
shuttlesȱtoȱbeȱupgraded.ȱ
Theȱ SSPTSȱ projectȱ isȱ uniqueȱ becauseȱ it’sȱ theȱ
firstȱmajorȱdevelopmentȱprojectȱthatȱtheȱBoeingȱ
Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ NASAȇsȱ Spaceȱ
Shuttleȱprogramsȱhaveȱworkedȱonȱtogether.ȱTheȱ
Boeingȱ ISSȱ Programȱ isȱ providingȱ theȱ fundingȱ
underȱitsȱexistingȱcontract.ȱȱ
Theȱupgradeȱwillȱallowȱtheȱspaceȱshuttle’sȱelecȬ
tricalȱpowerȱsystemȱtoȱconnectȱintoȱtheȱstation’sȱ
solarȱ arraysȱ toȱ transferȱ powerȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ
toȱtheȱshuttle,ȱresultingȱinȱaȱlowerȱconsumptionȱ
rateȱ ofȱ liquidȱ hydrogenȱ andȱ oxygenȱ usedȱ forȱ
makingȱelectricityȱbyȱtheȱshuttle’sȱfuelȱcells.ȱTheȱ
SSPTSȱ upgradeȱ alsoȱ willȱ allowȱ theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ
increaseȱitsȱtimeȱdockedȱtoȱtheȱstationȱfromȱ6Ȭ8ȱ
toȱ9Ȭ12ȱdaysȱdependingȱonȱtheȱmissionȱconfiguȬ
ration.ȱ
Theȱ increasedȱ dockingȱ timeȱ willȱ provideȱ theȱ
stationȱ andȱ visitingȱ crewȱ membersȱ withȱ moreȱ
timeȱ forȱ logisticsȱ supplyȱ transfer,ȱ additionalȱ
experimentsȱandȱdetailedȱshuttleȱinspections.ȱ
44
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
Beforeȱtheȱmodifications,ȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱfleetȱ
onlyȱ hadȱ theȱ capabilityȱ toȱ transferȱ powerȱ fromȱ
itsȱ28Ȭvoltȱdcȱsystemȱtoȱtheȱstationȇsȱ120Ȭvoltȱdcȱ
systemȱ throughȱ aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Assemblyȱ
PowerȱConverterȱUnitȱ(APCU).ȱTheȱfleet,ȱhowȬ
ever,ȱcouldȱnotȱtransferȱpowerȱfromȱtheȱstationȱ
toȱ theȱ shuttle.ȱ Theȱ SSPTSȱ upgradeȱ willȱ replaceȱ
theȱ APCUȱ withȱ aȱ deviceȱ calledȱ theȱ Powerȱ
Transferȱ Unitȱ (PTU).ȱ Theȱ PTUȱ includesȱ theȱ caȬ
pabilitiesȱ ofȱ theȱ APCUȱ withȱ theȱ additionalȱ caȬ
pabilityȱ toȱ convertȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ 120Ȭvoltȱ
systemȱtoȱtheȱshuttle’sȱ28Ȭvoltȱsystem.ȱWithȱthisȱ
upgrade,ȱ theȱ stationȱ isȱ nowȱ ableȱ toȱ transferȱ upȱ
toȱ eightȱ kilowattsȱ ofȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ shuttleȱ inȱ aȱ
packageȱ thatȱ fitsȱ intoȱ theȱ sameȱ footprintȱ asȱ theȱ
existingȱAPCU.ȱ
Inȱ additionȱ toȱ theȱ PTU,ȱ newȱ powerȱ cablesȱ andȱ
displaysȱwereȱintegratedȱ intoȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱEnȬ
deavourȱ andȱ Discovery.ȱ Theȱ additionalȱ stationȱ
cablesȱ areȱ routedȱ alongȱ theȱ outsideȱ ofȱ theȱ BoeȬ
ingȬbuiltȱ U.S.ȱ Destinyȱ lab.ȱ Theȱ powerȱ passesȱ
alongȱtheȱPressurizedȱMatingȱAdapterȱ2,ȱwhereȱ
theȱshuttleȱdocksȱtoȱtheȱstationȱthroughȱtheȱexȬ
istingȱelectricalȱportsȱusedȱbyȱtheȱAPCU.ȱ
Timeline:
x Engineeringȱ Modelȱ (EM)ȱ testingȱ ofȱ theȱ
PTUsȱandȱsystemȱlevelȱtestingȱusingȱtheȱEMȱ
PTUsȱ wereȱ completedȱ duringȱ theȱ summerȱ
andȱfallȱofȱ2006.ȱ
x Installationȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ cablesȱ wasȱ comȬ
pletedȱ inȱ Endeavourȱ (OVȬ105)ȱ atȱ Kennedyȱ
SpaceȱCenterȱinȱtheȱsummerȱ2006.ȱ
x TheȱstationȱcablesȱwereȱlaunchedȱtoȱtheȱISSȱ
onȱSTSȬ116ȱinȱDecemberȱ2006.ȱȱ
x Qualificationȱ ofȱ theȱ flightȱ PTUȱ designȱ wasȱ
completedȱonȱJan.ȱ31,ȱ2007.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
x Aȱportionȱofȱtheȱstationȱcablesȱwasȱinstalledȱ
duringȱISSȱstageȱEVAȱ6ȱonȱJan.ȱ31,ȱ2007ȱȱ
x DeliveryȱofȱtheȱfirstȱflightȱPTUȱoccurredȱonȱ
Feb.ȱ 5,ȱ 2007,ȱ inȱ preparationȱ forȱ launchȱ onȱ
ISSȱ assemblyȱ flightȱ 13A.1,ȱ scheduledȱ forȱ
flightȱonȱSTSȬ118ȱaboardȱEndeavour.ȱ
x Theȱ remainingȱ stationȱ cablesȱwereȱinstalledȱ
Feb.ȱ7,ȱ2007,ȱduringȱEVAȱ8.ȱȱ
x Theȱ cablesȱ forȱ Discoveryȱ (OVȬ103)ȱ wereȱ
completedȱandȱinstalledȱinȱMayȱ2007.ȱȱ
Theȱspaceȱshuttleȱisȱstillȱableȱtoȱsupplyȱ120Ȭvoltȱ
powerȱthroughȱtheȱAPCUȱconverterȱinȱtheȱPTUȱ
toȱ powerȱ theȱ MultiȬPurposeȱ Logisticsȱ Moduleȱ
PowerȱTransferȱUnitȱ(PTU)ȱFlightȱUnitȱ#1
JULY 2007
ȱ
PAYLOAD OVERVIEW
whenȱ inȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ cargoȱ bayȱ andȱ provideȱ
heaterȱpowerȱtoȱpressurizedȱmodulesȱbeingȱdeȬ
liveredȱtoȱtheȱstation.ȱ
BoeingȱbeganȱworkȱonȱtheȱprojectȱinȱSeptemberȱ
2003,ȱ butȱ hadȱ aȱ slightȱ headȱ startȱ dueȱ toȱ someȱ
internalȱ developmentȱ workȱ thatȱ wasȱ doneȱ atȱ
theȱHuntingtonȱBeachȱandȱCanogaȱPark,ȱCalif.,ȱ
facilities.ȱPrattȱandȱWhineyȱRocketdyneȱPropulȬ
sionȱ andȱ Powerȱ (Canogaȱ Park)ȱ manufacturedȱ
theȱ PTU,ȱ whileȱ theȱ Boeingȱ Houstonȱ Productȱ
SupportȱCenterȱmanufacturedȱtheȱcablesȱforȱtheȱ
station.ȱ Boeingȱ Huntingtonȱ Beachȱ hasȱ develȬ
opedȱtheȱshuttleȱupgrades,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱnewȱcaȬ
blesȱ forȱ eachȱ shuttle,ȱ cockpitȱ controlȱ switchesȱ
andȱcrewȱdisplays.ȱ
ȱ
45
 ȱ
ȱ

Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ

46
ȱ
MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

RENDEZVOUS AND DOCKING

ȱ

ȱ
AȱviewȱphotographedȱfromȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱshowsȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantisȱ
backdroppedȱoverȱterrainȱasȱtheȱtwoȱspacecraftȱwereȱnearingȱtheirȱmuchȬanticipatedȱȱ
linkȬupȱinȱEarthȱorbit.ȱ
ȱ
Aboutȱ 2.5ȱ hoursȱ beforeȱ docking,ȱ Endeavour’sȱ thatȱ willȱ placeȱ theȱ shuttleȱ aboutȱ 1,000ȱ feetȱ diȬ
jetsȱ willȱ beȱ firedȱ duringȱ whatȱ isȱ calledȱ theȱTerȬ rectlyȱ belowȱ theȱ station.ȱ STSȬ118ȱ Commanderȱ
minalȱInitiationȱburnȱtoȱbeginȱtheȱfinalȱphaseȱofȱ ScottȱKellyȱthenȱwillȱmanuallyȱcontrolȱtheȱshutȬ
theȱ rendezvous.ȱ Endeavourȱ willȱ closeȱ theȱ finalȱ tleȱforȱtheȱremainderȱofȱtheȱapproachȱandȱdockȬ
milesȱtoȱtheȱstationȱduringȱtheȱnextȱorbit.ȱ ing.ȱ

Asȱ Endeavourȱ movesȱ closerȱ toȱ theȱ station,ȱ theȱ
shuttle’sȱ rendezvousȱ radarȱ systemȱ andȱ trajecȬ
toryȱ controlȱ sensorȱ willȱ trackȱ theȱ complexȱ andȱ
provideȱrangeȱandȱclosingȱrateȱdataȱtoȱtheȱcrew.ȱ
Duringȱtheȱfinalȱapproach,ȱEndeavourȱwillȱexeȬ
cuteȱ severalȱ smallȱ midȬcourseȱ correctionȱ burnsȱ
Heȱwillȱ stopȱ theȱapproachȱ 600ȱfeetȱ beneathȱtheȱ
stationȱ toȱ ensureȱ properȱ lightingȱ forȱ imageryȱ
priorȱ toȱ initiatingȱ theȱ standardȱ Rendezvousȱ
PitchȱManeuverȱ(RPM),ȱorȱbackflip.ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 47
 ȱ
ȱ
Kellyȱ willȱ maneuverȱ Endeavourȱ throughȱ aȱ
9Ȭminute,ȱ 360Ȭdegreeȱ backflipȱ thatȱ allowsȱ theȱ
stationȱcrewȱtoȱtakeȱasȱmanyȱasȱ300ȱdigitalȱpicȬ
turesȱofȱtheȱshuttle’sȱheatȱshield.ȱ
Onȱ verbalȱ cueȱ fromȱ Pilotȱ Charlesȱ Hobaughȱ toȱ
theȱ stationȱ crew,ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ commandȱ EndeavȬ
ourȱtoȱbeginȱaȱnoseȬforward,ȱ threeȬquarterȱofȱaȱ
degreeȱperȱsecondȱrotationalȱbackflip.ȱ
Bothȱ theȱ 400ȱ andȱ theȱ 800mmȱ digitalȱ cameraȱ
lensesȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ toȱ photographȱ Endeavourȱ
byȱstationȱcrewȱmembers.ȱTheȱ400mmȱlensȱproȬ
videsȱ upȱ toȱ 3Ȭinchȱ resolutionȱ andȱ theȱ 800mmȱ
lensȱ canȱ provideȱ upȱ toȱ 1Ȭinchȱ resolution.ȱ Theȱ
imageryȱ includesȱ theȱ upperȱ surfacesȱ ofȱ theȱ
shuttleȱ asȱ wellȱ asȱ Endeavour’sȱ underside,ȱ capȬ
turingȱ picturesȱ ofȱ theȱ noseȱ landingȱ gearȱ doorȱ
seals,ȱtheȱmainȱlandingȱgearȱdoorȱsealsȱandȱtheȱ
elevonȱcove.ȱ
Theȱphotosȱwillȱbeȱtakenȱoutȱofȱwindowsȱinȱtheȱ
Zvezdaȱ Serviceȱ Moduleȱ usingȱ Kodakȱ DCSȱ 760ȱ
digitalȱ cameras.ȱ Theȱ imageryȱ isȱ oneȱ ofȱ severalȱ
inspectionȱtechniquesȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱhealthȱofȱ
theȱshuttle’sȱthermalȱprotectionȱsystem,ȱincludȬ
ingȱtheȱtilesȱandȱreinforcedȱcarbonȬcarbonȱwingȱ
leadingȱedgesȱandȱnoseȱcap.ȱ
TheȱphotosȱwillȱbeȱdownlinkedȱthroughȱtheȱstaȬ
tion’sȱ KuȬbandȱ communicationsȱ systemȱ forȱ
analysisȱ byȱ systemsȱ engineersȱ andȱ missionȱ
managers.ȱ
Whenȱ Endeavourȱ completesȱ itsȱ rotation,ȱ itsȱ
payloadȱbayȱwillȱbeȱfacingȱtheȱstation.ȱ
Kellyȱ thenȱ willȱ moveȱ Endeavourȱ toȱ aȱ positionȱ
aboutȱ400ȱfeetȱdirectlyȱinȱfrontȱofȱtheȱstationȱinȱ
preparationȱforȱtheȱfinalȱapproachȱtoȱdockingȱtoȱ
theȱDestinyȱdockingȱport.ȱ
48
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING
Rendezvous Approach Profile
Space Shuttle Rendezvous Maneuvers
OMS-1 (Orbit insertion) - Rarely used ascent
burn.
OMS-2 (Orbit insertion) - Typically used to
circularize the initial orbit following ascent,
completing orbital insertion. For ground-up
rendezvous flights, also considered a
rendezvous phasing burn.
NC (Rendezvous phasing) - Performed to hit a
range relative to the target at a future time.
NH (Rendezvous height adjust) - Performed
to hit a delta-height relative to the target at a
future time.
NPC (Rendezvous plane change) - Performed
to remove planar errors relative to the target at
a future time.
NCC (Rendezvous corrective combination) -
First on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous
sequence. Using star tracker data, it is
performed to remove phasing and height errors
relative to the target at Ti.
Ti (Rendezvous terminal intercept) - Second
on-board targeted burn in the rendezvous
sequence. Using primarily rendezvous radar
data, it places the orbiter on a trajectory to
intercept the target in one orbit.
MC-1, MC-2, MC-3, MC-4 (Rendezvous
midcourse burns) - These on-board targeted
burns use star tracker and rendezvous radar
data to correct the post Ti trajectory in
preparation for the final, manual proximity
operations phase.ȱ
ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Theȱ shuttle’sȱ crewȱ membersȱ operateȱ laptopȱ
computersȱprocessingȱtheȱnavigationalȱdata,ȱtheȱ
laserȱ rangeȱ systemsȱ andȱ Endeavour’sȱ dockingȱ
mechanism.ȱ
Usingȱ aȱ viewȱ fromȱ aȱ cameraȱ mountedȱ inȱ theȱ
centerȱofȱtheȱOrbiterȱDockingȱSystem,ȱKellyȱwillȱ
preciselyȱmatchȱupȱtheȱdockingȱportsȱofȱtheȱtwoȱ
spacecraft.ȱ Ifȱ necessary,ȱ heȱ willȱ temporarilyȱ
pauseȱ30ȱfeetȱfromȱtheȱstationȱtoȱensureȱproperȱ
alignmentȱofȱtheȱdockingȱmechanisms.ȱ
Forȱ Endeavour’sȱ docking,ȱ Kellyȱ willȱ maintainȱ
theȱ shuttleȇsȱ speedȱ relativeȱ toȱ theȱ stationȱ atȱ
aboutȱoneȬtenthȱofȱaȱfootȱperȱsecondȱ(whileȱbothȱ
Endeavourȱ andȱ theȱ stationȱ areȱ travelingȱ atȱ
aboutȱ 17,500ȱ mph),ȱ andȱ keepȱ theȱ dockingȱ
mechanismsȱ alignedȱ toȱ withinȱ aȱ toleranceȱ ofȱ
threeȱ inches.ȱ Whenȱ Endeavourȱ makesȱ contactȱ
withȱ theȱ station,ȱ preliminaryȱ latchesȱ willȱ autoȬ
maticallyȱ attachȱ theȱ twoȱ spacecraft.ȱ ImmediȬ
atelyȱafterȱEndeavourȱdocks,ȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱsteerȬ
ingȱjetsȱwillȱbeȱdeactivatedȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱforcesȱ
actingȱ atȱ theȱ dockingȱ interface.ȱ Shockȱ absorberȱ
springsȱinȱtheȱdockingȱmechanismȱwillȱdampenȱ
anyȱrelativeȱmotionȱbetweenȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱtheȱ
station.ȱ
Onceȱ theȱ motionȱ betweenȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ hasȱ
beenȱstopped,ȱtheȱdockingȱringȱwillȱbeȱretractedȱ
toȱ closeȱ aȱ finalȱ setȱ ofȱ latchesȱ betweenȱ theȱ twoȱ
vehicles.

ȱ
BackdroppedȱbyȱruggedȱEarthȱterrain,ȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantisȱapproachesȱtheȱȱ
InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱduringȱSTSȬ117ȱrendezvousȱandȱdockingȱoperations.

JULY 2007
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 49
 ȱ
ȱ
UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND
DEPARTURE
Atȱ undockingȱ time,ȱ theȱ hooksȱ andȱ latchesȱ willȱ
beȱ opened,ȱ andȱ springsȱ willȱ pushȱ theȱ shuttleȱ
awayȱfromȱtheȱstation.ȱEndeavour’sȱsteeringȱjetsȱ
willȱbeȱshutȱoffȱtoȱavoidȱanyȱinadvertentȱfiringsȱ
duringȱtheȱinitialȱseparation.ȱ
OnceȱEndeavourȱisȱaboutȱtwoȱfeetȱfromȱtheȱstaȬ
tionȱ andȱ theȱ dockingȱ devicesȱ areȱ clearȱ ofȱ oneȱ
another,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ turnȱ theȱ steeringȱ jetsȱ
backȱ onȱ andȱ willȱ manuallyȱ controlȱ Endeavourȱ
withinȱ aȱ tightȱ corridorȱ asȱ theȱ shuttleȱ separatesȱ
fromȱtheȱstation.ȱ
Endeavourȱwillȱmoveȱtoȱaȱdistanceȱofȱaboutȱ450ȱ
feet,ȱ whereȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ beginȱ toȱ flyȱ aroundȱ
theȱ stationȱ inȱ itsȱ newȱ configuration.ȱ Thisȱ maȬ
neuverȱ willȱ occurȱ onlyȱ ifȱ propellantȱ marginsȱ
andȱmissionȱtimelineȱactivitiesȱpermit.ȱ
Onceȱ Endeavourȱ completesȱ 1.5ȱ revolutionsȱ ofȱ
theȱ complex,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ fireȱ Endeavour’sȱ
jetsȱ toȱ leaveȱ theȱ area.ȱ Theȱ shuttleȱ willȱ moveȱ
aboutȱ 46ȱ milesȱ fromȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ remainȱ
thereȱ whileȱ groundȱ teamsȱ analyzeȱ dataȱ fromȱ
theȱ lateȱ inspectionȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ heatȱ shield.ȱ
TheȱdistanceȱisȱcloseȱenoughȱtoȱallowȱtheȱshutȬ
tleȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱtheȱstationȱinȱtheȱunlikelyȱeventȱ
thatȱtheȱheatȱshieldȱisȱdamaged,ȱpreventingȱtheȱ
shuttleȇsȱreȬentry.ȱ

ȱ
BackdroppedȱbyȱtheȱblacknessȱofȱspaceȱandȱEarthȇsȱhorizon,ȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱȱ
movesȱawayȱfromȱtheȱSpaceȱShuttleȱAtlantis.ȱEarlierȱtheȱSTSȬ117ȱandȱExpeditionȱ15ȱcrewsȱȱ
concludedȱaboutȱeightȱdaysȱofȱcooperativeȱworkȱonboardȱtheȱshuttleȱandȱstation.ȱ

50
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
ThisȱimageȱdepictsȱtheȱconfigurationȱofȱtheȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱafterȱtheȱȱ
shuttleȱundocksȱfromȱtheȱorbitalȱoutpostȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.

JULY 2007
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING 51
 ȱ
ȱ

Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ

52
ȱ
RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

SPACEWALKS
ȱ
TheȱprimaryȱfocusȱforȱSTSȬ118’sȱspacewalks,ȱorȱ
extravehicularȱactivitiesȱ(EVAs),ȱisȱtoȱinstallȱtheȱ
Starboardȱ 5ȱ (S5)ȱ shortȱ spacerȱ trussȱ segmentȱ toȱ
theȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱintegratedȱtrussȱsystemȱandȱ
removeȱ andȱ replaceȱ controlȱ momentȱ gyroȬ
scopeȬ3,ȱwhichȱfailedȱlastȱyear.ȱ

ȱ
TheȱsquareȬshapedȱS5ȱtrussȱisȱaboutȱtheȱ
lengthȱofȱaȱsmallȱcompactȱcarȱandȱweighsȱ
4,010 pounds. ȱ

Whenȱ theȱ station’sȱ trussȱ systemȱ isȱ complete,ȱ

thereȱwillȱbeȱ11ȱintegratedȱsegmentsȱthatȱstretchȱ
ȱ 356ȱ feet.ȱ Theȱ trussȱ willȱ supportȱ fourȱ virtuallyȱ
Thisȱcomputerȱgraphicȱdepictsȱhowȱtheȱ identicalȱ solarȱ arrayȱ assembliesȱ thatȱ generateȱ
S5ȱtrussȱwillȱbeȱgrappledȱbyȱtheȱstation’sȱ electricalȱ powerȱ andȱ holdȱ radiatorsȱ toȱ coolȱ theȱ
roboticȱarmȱandȱinstalledȱtoȱtheȱintegratedȱ station.ȱ
trussȱsystem.ȱ

Theȱ installationȱ ofȱ S5ȱ isȱ similarȱ toȱ thatȱ ofȱ theȱ
STSȬ116ȱ mission,ȱ whereȱ itsȱ sisterȱ Portȱ 5ȱ (P5)ȱ
segmentȱ wasȱ installed.ȱ Theȱ squareȬshapedȱ
S5ȱtrussȱ isȱ aboutȱ theȱ lengthȱ ofȱ aȱ smallȱ compactȱ
carȱ andȱ weighsȱ 4,010ȱ pounds.ȱ It will provide ȱ
structuralȱ shaping,ȱ utilityȱ connectionsȱ andȱ sufȬ
ficientȱspanȱforȱadequateȱclearanceȱbetweenȱtheȱ
Starboardȱ 4ȱ (S4)ȱ andȱ Starboardȱ 6ȱ (S6)ȱ solarȱ arȬ
raysȱasȱtheyȱtrackȱtheȱsun.ȱ

ȱ
TheȱS5ȱtruss,ȱshownȱinstalled,ȱinȱtheȱȱ
lowerȱforeground.ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
SPACEWALKS 53
 ȱ
ȱ
Theȱ missionȇsȱ threeȱ plannedȱ spacewalksȱ alsoȱ
includeȱ someȱ assemblyȱ andȱ maintenanceȱ tasksȱ
inȱ preparationȱ forȱ theȱ relocationȱ ofȱ theȱ Portȱ 6ȱ
(P6)ȱ trussȱ plannedȱ forȱ theȱ STSȬ120ȱ mission.ȱ
Thoseȱ tasksȱ includeȱ relocatingȱ twoȱ crewȱ andȱ
equipmentȱ translationȱ aidȱ (CETA)ȱ carts,ȱ movȬ
ingȱtheȱP6ȱSȬbandȱantennae,ȱinstallingȱtheȱPortȱ1ȱ
(P1)ȱbasebandȱsignalȱprocessorȱandȱtransponderȱ
andȱretrievingȱtheȱP6ȱtransponder.ȱ
Theȱ spacewalks,ȱ eachȱ estimatedȱ toȱ lastȱ 6.5ȱ
hours,ȱ areȱ plannedȱ onȱ flightȱ daysȱ 4,ȱ 6ȱ andȱ 8.ȱ
However,ȱ missionȱ managersȱ couldȱ addȱ threeȱ
moreȱ daysȱ toȱ theȱ 11Ȭdayȱ missionȱ andȱ addȱ anȬ
otherȱ spacewalkȱ afterȱ theȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱ
PowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ(SSPTS)ȱisȱactivatedȱandȱ
checkedȱout.ȱ
FirstȬtimeȱ spacewalkersȱ Rickȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ
DaveȱWilliamsȱwillȱdoȱtheȱfirstȱtwoȱEVAs.ȱMasȬ
tracchioȱ andȱ Expeditionȱ 15ȱ Flightȱ Engineerȱ
ClaytonȱAndersonȱwillȱdoȱtheȱthird.ȱIfȱtheȱmisȬ
sionȱ isȱ extended,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ willȱ
performȱtheȱfourthȱspacewalk.ȱMissionȱSpecialȬ
istȱ Tracyȱ Caldwellȱ willȱ beȱ theȱ intravehicularȱ
leadȱ forȱ theȱ spacewalks,ȱ assistingȱ theȱ spaceȬ
walkersȱ fromȱ insideȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ withȱ theirȱ
tasks.ȱ Pilotȱ Charlieȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ operateȱ theȱ
stationȱ roboticȱ armȱ andȱ Missionȱ Specialistȱ BarȬ
baraȱR.ȱMorganȱwillȱoperateȱtheȱshuttleȱroboticȱ
arm.ȱ

ȱ
AstronautȱRichardȱA.ȱ(Rick)ȱMastracchio,ȱSTSȬ118ȱmissionȱspecialist,ȱattiredȱinȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱȱ
ofȱhisȱExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ(EMU)ȱspacesuit,ȱawaitsȱaȱtrainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱwatersȱȱ
ofȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratoryȱ(NBL)ȱnearȱJohnsonȱSpaceȱCenter.

54
ȱ
SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
CanadianȱSpaceȱAgencyȱastronautȱDaveȱWilliamsȱpreparesȱforȱaȱȱ
trainingȱsessionȱinȱtheȱNeutralȱBuoyancyȱLaboratory.ȱ

Theȱ spacewalkersȱ willȱ beȱ identifiableȱ byȱ variȬ
ousȱ markingsȱ onȱ theirȱ spacesuits.ȱ Mastracchioȱ
willȱwearȱoneȱwithȱsolidȱredȱstripes,ȱwhileȱWilȬ
liams’ȱ suitȱ willȱ beȱ solidȱ white.ȱ Andersonȱ willȱ
wearȱaȱsuitȱwithȱred,ȱbrokenȱstripes.ȱȱ
Theȱ spacewalksȱ willȱ startȱ fromȱ theȱ station’sȱ
Questȱ airlock.ȱ Asȱ inȱ recentȱ missions,ȱ theȱ astroȬ
ȱ
nautsȱ willȱ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ EVAȱ byȱ usingȱ theȱ
“campout”ȱ prebreatheȱ protocol,ȱ spendingȱ theȱ
nightȱ beforeȱ theȱ spacewalkȱ inȱ theȱ airlock.ȱ Theȱ
prebreatheȱ exerciseȱ purgesȱ nitrogenȱ fromȱ theȱ
astronauts’ȱsystemsȱsoȱtheyȱavoidȱtheȱconditionȱ
knownȱasȱtheȱbends.ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
SPACEWALKS 55
 ȱ
ȱ

ȱ
AstronautȱClaytonȱC.ȱAnderson,ȱExpeditionȱ15ȱNASAȱspaceȱstationȱscienceȱofficerȱȱ
andȱflightȱengineer,ȱgetsȱhelpȱwithȱtheȱdonningȱofȱaȱtrainingȱversionȱofȱhisȱEMUȱȱ
spacesuitȱpriorȱtoȱbeingȱsubmergedȱinȱtheȱNBL.

Duringȱtheȱcampout,ȱtheȱcrewȱmembersȱisolateȱ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ
themselvesȱinȱtheȱairlock.ȱTheȱairlockȇsȱairȱpresȬ
sureȱ isȱ loweredȱ toȱ 10.2ȱ psi,ȱ whileȱ theȱ stationȱ isȱ x EVAȱOperations:ȱ
keptȱ atȱ 14.7ȱ psi,ȱ orȱ nearȱ seaȬlevelȱ pressure.ȱ  Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:50)ȱ
Uponȱ rising,ȱ theȱ astronautsȱ donȱ oxygenȱ masksȱ
andȱ theȱ airlock’sȱ pressureȱ isȱ raisedȱ againȱ toȱ  S5ȱLaunchȱLockȱRemovalȱ(00:35)ȱ
14.7ȱpsiȱ forȱ anȱ hour.ȱ Afterȱ breakfast,ȱ theȱ presȬ
sureȱ isȱ loweredȱ backȱ toȱ 10.2ȱ psiȱ forȱ anȱ addiȬ  S5ȱInstallationȱ(01:30)ȱ
tionalȱ hourȱ asȱ theȱ spacewalkȱ suitsȱ areȱ donned.ȱ
 PVRGFȱTransferȱtoȱKeelȱ(01:00)ȱ
Anȱadditionalȱ30ȱminutesȱinȱtheȱsuitsȱcompletesȱ
theȱ protocol.ȱ Asȱ aȱ result,ȱ theȱ crewȱ canȱ getȱ outȬ  GetȬaheadsȱ(00:15)ȱ
sideȱearlierȱtoȱperformȱtheȱday’sȱtasks.ȱ
 S5ȱCleanupȱ(0:35)ȱ
EVA 1
 P6ȱPVRȱCinchȱ(01:10)ȱ
x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ
 CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:35)ȱ
x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ

56
ȱ
SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Theȱ mostȱ importantȱ objectiveȱ duringȱ EVAȱ 1ȱ isȱ Next,ȱ theȱ twoȱ alsoȱ willȱ monitorȱ theȱ retractionȱ
toȱinstallȱtheȱS5ȱtruss.ȱOneȱofȱtheȱchallengesȱthatȱ andȱ cinchingȱ ofȱ theȱ P6ȱ photovoltaicȱ radiator,ȱ
Hobaughȱ willȱ faceȱ isȱ slidingȱ theȱ S5ȱ spacerȱ intoȱ readyingȱitȱforȱtheȱnextȱshuttleȱmission.ȱTheȱreȬ
itsȱ positionȱ usingȱ theȱ station’sȱ roboticȱ arm,ȱ tractionȱ willȱ provideȱ clearanceȱ forȱ theȱ roboticȱ
knownȱ asȱ theȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ Remoteȱ ManipulaȬ armȱthatȱwillȱbeȱusedȱwhenȱtheȱSȬbandȱantennaȱ
torȱ System.ȱ Inȱ aȱ moveȱ similarȱ toȱ parallelȱ parkȬ subȬassemblyȱ(SASA)ȱisȱmovedȱduringȱtheȱthirdȱ
ingȱ inȱ aȱ snugȱ space,ȱ theȱ spacerȱ willȱ comeȱ asȱ spacewalk.ȱ
closeȱ asȱ 2.7ȱ inchesȱ toȱ theȱ S4ȱ truss.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ
spacewalkersȱwillȱmonitorȱstructuralȱclearancesȱ
forȱtheȱmaneuver.ȱ

OnceȱtheȱS5ȱisȱinȱposition,ȱMastracchioȱandȱWilȬ
liamsȱwillȱremoveȱtheȱlocksȱthatȱsecuredȱitȱandȱ
S4ȱduringȱlaunch.ȱTheȱtrussȱwillȱbeȱbroughtȱintoȱ
“soft”ȱcaptureȱpositionȱsoȱthatȱtheȱcrewȱcanȱfasȬ
tenȱtheȱprimaryȱstructuralȱbolts.ȱ
ȱ
WithȱtheȱS5ȱsecured,ȱtheȱtwoȱspacewalkersȱwillȱ P6ȱFwdȱPVRȱ
moveȱ theȱ Photovoltaicȱ Radiatorȱ Grappleȱ FixȬ
tureȱ(PVRGF)ȱfromȱitsȱlaunchȱlocationȱonȱtopȱofȱ EVA 2
S5ȱtoȱtheȱkeelȱofȱtheȱtruss.ȱTheȱPVRGFȱisȱaȱhanȬ
dleȱ thatȱ wasȱ usedȱ byȱ theȱ shuttleȱ andȱ stationȱ x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ
armsȱtoȱ moveȱtheȱtruss.ȱ Itȱisȱ beingȱrelocatedȱtoȱ
x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ
provideȱenoughȱclearanceȱforȱtheȱsolarȱarraysȱtoȱ
rotateȱandȱtrackȱtheȱsun.ȱ x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ

x EVAȱOperations:ȱ

 Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:50)ȱ

 RemoveȱFailedȱCMGȱ(00:30)ȱ

 TransferȱNewȱCMGȱtoȱESPȬ2ȱ(01:30)ȱ

 RemoveȱNewȱCMGȱfromȱFSEȱȱ
ȱ onȱESPȬ2ȱ(00:50)ȱ
S5ȱinstallationȱonȱS4ȱ  InstallȱNewȱCMGȱonȱZ1ȱ(00:55)ȱ
Ifȱtimeȱpermits,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱprepareȱtheȱS5ȱforȱ  InstallȱFailedȱCMGȱintoȱFSEȱonȱESPȬ2ȱ
theȱ futureȱ attachmentȱ ofȱ theȱ S6ȱ trussȱ segment,ȱ (01:10)ȱ
connectȱ sixȱ utilityȱ cablesȱ betweenȱ S5ȱ andȱ S4,ȱ
removeȱ theȱ S5ȱ andȱ S6ȱ launchȱ locksȱ andȱ openȱ  Cleanup/Ingressȱ(0:45)ȱ
theȱS5ȱcaptureȱlatchȱassembly.ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
SPACEWALKS 57
 ȱ
ȱ
Duringȱtheȱsecondȱspacewalk,ȱMastracchioȱandȱ
Williamsȱwillȱremoveȱandȱ replaceȱ aȱ failedȱ conȬ
trolȱ momentȱ gyroscope.ȱ Theȱ station’sȱ fourȱ
CMGsȱprovideȱprimaryȱattitudeȱcontrolȱforȱtheȱ
station.ȱCMGȬ3ȱsufferedȱaȱmechanicalȱfailureȱinȱ
Octoberȱ 2006.ȱ Theȱ remainingȱ gyroscopesȱ haveȱ
beenȱ providingȱ attitudeȱ controlȱ sinceȱ then,ȱ butȱ
allȱ fourȱ CMGsȱ willȱ beȱ neededȱ asȱ theȱ stationȇsȱ
integratedȱtrussȱcontinuesȱtoȱexpand.ȱ
Duringȱ theȱ spacewalk,ȱ Mastracchioȱ andȱ WilȬ
liamsȱwillȱremoveȱtheȱfailedȱCMGȱfromȱtheȱZeȬ
nithȱ1ȱ(Z1)ȱtrussȱandȱtemporarilyȱstowȱitȱonȱtheȱ
truss.ȱThen,ȱtheȱcrewȱwillȱmoveȱtoȱtheȱshuttle’sȱ
payloadȱ bayȱ andȱ removeȱ theȱ newȱ CMGȱ fromȱ
whereȱ itȱ isȱ stowedȱ onȱ externalȱ stowageȱ platȬ
formȬ3ȱ(ESPȬ3).ȱTheȱstation’sȱroboticȱarmȱwillȱbeȱ
usedȱ toȱ transferȱ theȱ CMGȱ toȱ ESPȬ2,ȱ locatedȱ onȱ
theȱstarboardȱsideȱofȱtheȱQuestȱAirlock,ȱtoȱpreȬ
pareȱitȱforȱinstallationȱonȱtheȱZ1ȱtruss.ȱ
CMG #3 on Z1
New CMG on ESP-3 in
Orbiter Payload Bay
CMG IA stowage
location on ESP-2
ȱ Transporterȱ toȱ itsȱ starboardȱ side.ȱ Thisȱ willȱ alȬ
58
ȱ
SPACEWALKS
OnceȱtheȱnewȱCMGȱisȱinstalled,ȱtheȱfailedȱCMGȱ
willȱ beȱ movedȱ fromȱ theȱ trussȱ toȱ ESPȬ2.ȱ Theȱ
CMGȱ willȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ Earthȱ onȱ aȱ laterȱ misȬ
sion.ȱ Externalȱ stowageȱ platformsȱ areȱ designedȱ
toȱ holdȱ Orbitalȱ Replacementȱ Units,ȱ orȱ ORUs,ȱ
suchȱasȱtheȱCMGs.ȱ
Theȱ twoȱ spacewalkersȱ alsoȱ willȱ installȱ theȱ Z1ȱ
shroud,ȱanȱembossedȱsilverȱ Teflonȱblanketȱthatȱ
isȱusedȱtoȱprotectȱtheȱCMGȱfromȱheat.ȱ
EVA 3
x EV1:ȱȱMastracchioȱ
x EV3:ȱȱAndersonȱ
x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ
x EVAȱOperations:ȱ
 Egress/SetȬupȱ(01:00)ȱ
 EV1:ȱSASAȱRelocationȱ(01:55)ȱ
 EV3:ȱP1ȱBSPȱandȱXPDRȱInstallȱ(01:55)ȱ
 CETAȱCartȱRelocationȱ(02:00)ȱ
 EV1:ȱȱZ1ȱSASAȱGimbalȱBoltsȱ(00:30)ȱ
MISSEȱ3/4ȱRetrievalȱ(00:30)ȱ
 EV3:ȱȱP6ȱTransponderȱRetrievalȱ(01:00)ȱ
 CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:35)ȱ
Theȱ primaryȱ purposeȱ ofȱ theȱ thirdȱ spacewalkȱ isȱ
toȱ prepareȱ forȱ theȱ relocationȱ ofȱ theȱ P6ȱ truss,ȱ
plannedȱ forȱ theȱ STSȬ120ȱ mission,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ
October.ȱ
Oneȱofȱtheȱprimaryȱtasksȱisȱtoȱrelocateȱtwoȱcrewȱ
andȱ equipmentȱ translationȱ aidȱ (CETA)ȱ cartsȱ
fromȱ theȱ portȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ station’sȱ Mobileȱ
lowȱ theȱ Mobileȱ Transporterȱ toȱ moveȱ toȱ theȱ
properȱworksiteȱwhenȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱisȱrelocated.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Duringȱtheȱspacewalk,ȱMastracchioȱandȱAnderȬ
sonȱalsoȱwillȱ upgradeȱtheȱportȱSȬbandȱ commuȬ
nicationsȱ system.ȱ Usingȱ theȱ station’sȱ roboticȱ
arm,ȱ Hobaughȱ willȱ moveȱ theȱ SȬbandȱ antennaȱ
subȬassembly,ȱorȱSASA,ȱfromȱtheȱP6ȱtrussȱtoȱtheȱ
P1.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ astronautsȱ willȱ thenȱ installȱ aȱ newȱ
SȬbandȱ transponderȱ andȱ basebandȱ signalȱ procȬ
essorȱ toȱ P1ȱ andȱ activateȱ it.ȱ Togetherȱ withȱ theȱ
relocatedȱ SASAȱ antenna,ȱ theȱ newȱ transponderȱ
andȱ processorȱ provideȱ upgradedȱ voiceȱ comȬ
municationsȱforȱtheȱstation.ȱȱȱ
MastracchioȱandȱAndersonȱalsoȱwillȱretrieveȱtheȱ
P6ȱ transponderȱ soȱ thatȱ itȱ canȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ
Earthȱ whereȱ itȱ willȱ beȱ upgradedȱ andȱ availableȱ
forȱ aȱ futureȱ mission.ȱ Theyȱ willȱ engageȱ theȱ Z1ȱ
SASAȱgimbalȱlocksȱtoȱprepareȱthemȱforȱtheȱnextȱ
missionȱ andȱ recoverȱ someȱ materialȱ experiȬ
ments,ȱMISSEȱexperimentsȱ3ȱandȱ4,ȱtoȱreturnȱtoȱ
Earth.ȱ
P6 SASA Removal
P1 SASA Install
BSP/XPDR Install
CETA Cart Relocations
MISSE Retrieval
ȱ shuttleȱ forȱ thermalȱ protectionȱ systemȱ (TPS)ȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
SPACEWALKS
EVA 4 (IF ADDITIONAL DAYS ADDED TO
MISSION)
x EV2:ȱȱWilliamsȱ
x EV3:ȱȱAndersonȱ
x Duration:ȱȱ6:30ȱ
x EVAȱOperations:ȱ
 Egress/SetȬupȱ(00:20)ȱ
 OBSSȱBoomȱStandȱInstallȱ(01:00)ȱ
 EV2:ȱGPSȱAntennaȱ#4ȱRemoveȱ(00:40)ȱ
 EV3:ȱP6ȱAuxȱBagȱMoveȱ(00:30)ȱ
 EWISȱAntennaȱInstallȱ(01:30)ȱ
 LabȱMMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ(00:30)ȱ
 NodeȱMMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ(00:30)ȱ
 CP1ȱWETAȱAntennaȱInstallȱ(01:15)ȱ
x Timeȱpermittingȱbasedȱonȱ
MMODȱShieldȱCleanȬupȱ
 CleanȬup/Ingressȱ(00:45)ȱ
Ifȱ missionȱ managersȱ addȱ threeȱ moreȱ daysȱ andȱ
anotherȱ spacewalk,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ
willȱ installȱ orbitalȱ supportȱ equipmentȱ forȱ theȱ
Orbiterȱ Boomȱ Sensorȱ Systemȱ (OBSS)ȱ onȱ theȱ
S1ȱtruss.ȱ Thisȱ installationȱ willȱ allowȱ theȱ addiȬ
tionȱ ofȱ aȱ 50Ȭfootȱ inspectionȱ boomȱ assemblyȱ
(IBA)ȱ duringȱ STSȬ123,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ Februaryȱ
2008.ȱTheȱboomȱassemblyȱwillȱbeȱusedȱforȱheatȱ
shieldȱ inspectionsȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ124ȱ mission,ȱ
targetedȱforȱApril.ȱ
TheȱOBSSȱprovidesȱtheȱcapabilityȱtoȱinspectȱtheȱ
damageȱand,ȱifȱneeded,ȱtoȱprovideȱaȱplatformȱtoȱ
performȱ TPSȱ repairȱ duringȱ aȱ spacewalk.ȱ Theȱ
59
 ȱ
ȱ
IBAȱ willȱ consistȱ ofȱ twoȱ laserȱ sensors,ȱ aȱ specialȱ
blackȱ andȱ whiteȱ TVȱ cameraȱ (ITVC),ȱ anȱ inteȬ
gratedȱ sensorȱ inspectionȱ systemȱ (ISIS)ȱ digitalȱ
camera,ȱ aȱ panȱ andȱ tiltȱ unit,ȱ twoȱ grappleȱ fixȬ
tures,ȱandȱEVAȱhandȬholds.ȱ
Ifȱ timeȱ permits,ȱ Williamsȱ andȱ Andersonȱ alsoȱ
willȱ secureȱ theȱ debrisȱ shieldsȱ onȱ theȱ station’sȱ
labȱ andȱ Nodeȱ 1.ȱ Duringȱ STSȬ117,ȱ spacewalkersȱ
wereȱunableȱtoȱfullyȱfastenȱtheȱshieldsȱandȱusedȱ
tethersȱtoȱholdȱthemȱinȱplace.ȱ

TheȱcrewȱalsoȱwillȱinstallȱtheȱS3ȱWirelessȱVideoȱ
SystemȱExternalȱTransceiverȱAssemblyȱ(WETA)ȱ
onȱcameraȱportȱ1ȱonȱtheȱS3ȱtrussȱtoȱprovideȱbetȬ
terȱ wirelessȱ videoȱ coverageȱ duringȱ futureȱ misȬ
sions.ȱ

Additionalȱ tasksȱ thatȱ mayȱ beȱ addedȱ toȱ theȱ OBSS OSE Install
spacewalkȱincludeȱretrievingȱfailedȱglobalȱposiȬ
tioningȱsatelliteȱantennaȱNo.ȱ4ȱandȱinstallingȱtheȱ
Externalȱ Wirelessȱ Instrumentationȱ Systemȱ InȬ WETA Install
stallationȱAntenna.ȱTheȱcrewȱalsoȱwillȱmoveȱtheȱ
P6ȱ Auxiliaryȱ Bag,ȱ whichȱ holdsȱ contingencyȱ
spacewalkȱtools,ȱfromȱP6ȱtoȱtheȱDestinyȱlab.ȱTheȱ
moveȱ toȱ aȱmoreȱ centralizedȱ areaȱ isȱ expectedȱ toȱ
saveȱ spacewalkingȱ timeȱ shouldȱ theȱ toolsȱ beȱ
needed.ȱ

60
ȱ
SPACEWALKS JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
ȱ
NASA’sȱOfficeȱofȱEducationȱaimsȱtoȱstrengthenȱ
NASAȱ andȱ theȱ nation’sȱ futureȱ workforceȱ byȱ
attractingȱ andȱ retainingȱ studentsȱ inȱ science,ȱ
technology,ȱ engineeringȱ andȱ mathematics,ȱ orȱ
STEM,ȱdisciplines.ȱTheȱEducatorȱAstronautȱProȬ
jectȱ (EAP)ȱ isȱ partȱ ofȱ NASA’sȱ Elementaryȱ andȱ
Secondaryȱ Educationȱ Program.ȱ NASAȱ believesȱ
thatȱ byȱ increasingȱ theȱ numberȱ ofȱ studentsȱ inȬ
volvedȱ inȱ NASAȬrelatedȱ activitiesȱ atȱ theȱ eleȬ
mentaryȱ andȱ secondaryȱ educationȱ levelsȱ moreȱ
studentsȱwillȱbeȱinspiredȱandȱmotivatedȱtoȱpurȬ
sueȱhigherȱlevelsȱofȱSTEMȱcourses.ȱ
TheȱEAPȱfacilitatesȱeducationȱopportunitiesȱandȱ
activitiesȱ thatȱ useȱ theȱ uniqueȱ environmentȱ ofȱ
spaceflight.ȱ Itȱ buildsȱ uponȱ spaceȱ explorationȱ
andȱtheȱexperiencesȱofȱastronautsȱtoȱlaunchȱtheȱ
nextȱgenerationȱofȱexplorers.ȱ
NASAȱhasȱselectedȱeducatorsȱ withȱexpertiseȱ inȱ
kindergartenȱ throughȱ12thȬgradeȱ classroomsȱtoȱ
trainȱ toȱ becomeȱ fullyȱ qualifiedȱ astronauts.ȱ
NASAȱwillȱsendȱeducatorsȱtoȱspaceȱsoȱthatȱtheyȱ
canȱ useȱ theirȱ skillsȱ andȱ experiencesȱ asȱ classȬ
roomȱ teachersȱ toȱ connectȱ spaceȱ explorationȱ toȱ
theȱclassroom.ȱByȱutilizingȱtheirȱtalentsȱasȱeduȬ
catorsȱ andȱ theȱ uniqueȱ platformȱ ofȱ spaceflight,ȱ
theseȱ astronautsȱ canȱ offerȱ aȱ newȱ avenueȱ forȱ
imaginationȱ andȱ ingenuityȱ forȱ teachersȱ andȱ
theirȱclassrooms.ȱ
Thereȱareȱfourȱeducatorsȱinȱtheȱastronautȱcorps,ȱ
Barbaraȱ Morgan,ȱ Joeȱ Acaba,ȱ Rickyȱ Arnoldȱ andȱ
Dottieȱ MetcalfȬLindenburger.ȱ Morganȱ isȱ asȬ
signedȱ asȱ aȱ missionȱ specialistȱ onȱ STSȬ118.ȱ
Acaba,ȱArnoldȱandȱMetcalfȬLindenburgerȱcomȬ
pletedȱ theirȱ initialȱ astronautȱ trainingȱ inȱ FebruȬ
aryȱ 2006.ȱ Theyȱ nowȱ supportȱ variousȱ aspectsȱ ofȱ
theȱInternationalȱSpaceȱ Stationȱandȱspaceȱ shutȬ
tleȱ operationsȱ inȱ theȱ Astronautȱ Officeȱ atȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
NASAȇsȱ Johnsonȱ Spaceȱ Centerȱ inȱ Houston.ȱ
Theirȱ assignmentsȱ areȱ noȱ differentȱ thanȱ thoseȱ
givenȱotherȱastronauts.ȱ
TheȱEAPȱcollaboratesȱwithȱitsȱNetworkȱofȱEduȬ
catorȱ Astronautȱ Teachersȱ (NEAT)ȱ toȱ developȱ
additionalȱ waysȱ toȱ provideȱ teachersȱ uniqueȱ
professionalȱdevelopmentȱopportunities,ȱwhichȱ
willȱ strengthenȱ theȱ overallȱ teachingȱ ofȱ STEMȱ
disciplines.ȱ NEATȱ isȱ currentlyȱ comprisedȱ ofȱ
approximatelyȱ 190ȱ teachersȱ fromȱ aroundȱ theȱ
country,ȱ excellentȱ educatorsȱ whoȱ appliedȱ inȱ
2003,ȱ butȱ wereȱ notȱ selectedȱ forȱ educatorȱ astroȬ
nautȱ positions.ȱ NASAȱ providesȱ NEATȱ withȱ
professionalȱ developmentȱ throughȱ nationalȱ
conferencesȱ andȱ workshopsȱ atȱ NASA’sȱ fieldȱ
centers.ȱ Theyȱ receiveȱ NASAȱ educationȱ reȬ
sources,ȱspecialȱtrainingȱandȱareȱofferedȱuniqueȱ
NASAȱexperiences.ȱ
NASAȱ Educationȱ andȱ theȱ EAPȱ areȱ planningȱ aȱ
varietyȱ ofȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ thatȱ willȱ giveȱ
students,ȱ educatorsȱ andȱ familiesȱ theȱ opportuȬ
nityȱ toȱ engageȱ inȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ before,ȱ
duringȱ andȱ afterȱ theȱ flight.ȱ Educatorȱ resourcesȱ
areȱavailableȱonline.ȱ
EDUCATION PAYLOAD OPERATIONS
(EPO)
Overview
EducationȱPayloadȱOperationsȱ(EPO)ȱisȱanȱeduȬ
cationȱ payloadȱ orȱ activityȱ designedȱ toȱ supportȱ
NASA‘sȱ missionȱ toȱ inspireȱ theȱ nextȱ generationȱ
ofȱ explorers.ȱ Generally,ȱ theseȱ payloadsȱ andȱ acȬ
tivitiesȱ focusȱ onȱ demonstratingȱ science,ȱ matheȬ
matics,ȱ technology,ȱ engineeringȱ orȱ geographyȱ
principlesȱ onȱ orbit.ȱ EPOȱ goalsȱ andȱ objectivesȱ
areȱ metȱ byȱ capturingȱ videoȱ andȱ stillȱ imagesȱ ofȱ
61
 ȱ
ȱ
theȱcrewȱoperatingȱEPOȱ hardware.ȱTheȱ imagesȱ
areȱ usedȱ toȱ supportȱ NASAȱ educationȱ productsȱ
andȱservices.ȱTheȱoverallȱgoalȱforȱeveryȱmissionȱ
isȱ toȱ facilitateȱ educationȱ opportunitiesȱ thatȱ useȱ
theȱuniqueȱenvironmentȱofȱspaceflight.ȱ
InȱsupportȱofȱSTSȬ118,ȱNASAȱEducationȱhasȱputȱ
togetherȱ aȱ comprehensiveȱ educationȱ planȱ deȬ
signedȱ toȱ engageȱ studentsȱ inȱ theȱ missionȱ
throughȱ anȱ engineeringȱ designȱ challengeȱ inȱ
whichȱ studentsȱ willȱ design,ȱ buildȱ andȱ assessȱ
theirȱ ownȱ plantȱ growthȱ chambersȱ forȱ futureȱ
missionsȱ toȱ theȱ moon.ȱ Theȱ challengeȱ tiesȱ diȬ
rectlyȱ toȱ theȱ twoȱ educationȱ payloadsȱ plannedȱ
forȱSTSȬ118ȱ(EPOȱKitȱCȱandȱEPOȱEducator).ȱ
EPOȱEducatorȱisȱmanifestedȱ forȱ launchȱ andȱ reȬ
turnȱonȱflightȱSTSȬ118,ȱwhileȱEPOȱKitȱCȱisȱmaniȬ
festedȱ forȱ launchȱ onȱ STSȬ118ȱ andȱ returnȱ onȱ
STSȬ120,ȱ targetedȱ forȱ October.ȱ Theȱ investigaȬ
tionsȱandȱrelatedȱactivitiesȱwillȱhaveȱstrongȱtiesȱ
toȱ NASA’sȱ Visionȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Exploration,ȱ enȬ
couragingȱ studentsȱ toȱ pursueȱ studiesȱ andȱ caȬ
reersȱ inȱ STEMȱ fieldsȱ andȱ applyingȱ theseȱ disciȬ
plinesȱtoȱfutureȱexplorationȱgoals.ȱ
ȱ ȱ
EPOȱKitȱCȱHardwareȱandȱPlantȱGrowthȱChamberȱ
62
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
EPO-Kit C
EPOȬKitȱCȱisȱanȱeducationȱpayloadȱconsistingȱofȱ
twoȱ smallȱ collapsibleȱ plantȱ growthȱ chambersȱ
andȱ theȱ associatedȱ hardwareȱ toȱ conductȱ aȱ
20Ȭdayȱ plantȱ germinationȱ investigationȱ (Seeȱ
Figureȱ below).ȱ Duringȱ theȱ investigation,ȱ crewȱ
membersȱwillȱmaintainȱtheȱplantsȱandȱwillȱcapȬ
tureȱ stillȱ imagesȱ ofȱ plantȱ growth.ȱ Allȱ imagesȱ
willȱ beȱ incorporatedȱ intoȱ aȱ comprehensiveȱ setȱ
ofȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ plannedȱ inȱ associationȱ
withȱSTSȬ118ȱandȱExpeditionȱ15.ȱ
EPO- Educator
EPOȬEducatorȱ isȱ anȱeducationȱpayloadȱconsistȬ
ingȱofȱapproximatelyȱ10ȱmillionȱbasilȱseeds.ȱTheȱ
seedsȱwillȱ launchȱ andȱreturnȱ withȱ STSȬ118.ȱ AfȬ
terȱtheȱmission,ȱtheȱseedsȱwillȱbeȱdistributedȱtoȱ
studentsȱandȱeducatorsȱasȱpartȱofȱaȱcomprehenȬ
siveȱ educationȱ planȱ forȱ STSȬ118.ȱ OnȬorbitȱ opȬ
erationsȱ includeȱ capturingȱ stillȱ imagesȱ ofȱ theȱ
seedsȱ inȱ aȱ microgravityȱ environment.ȱ Theȱ stillȱ
imagesȱwillȱbeȱincorporatedȱintoȱaȱsetȱofȱeducaȬ
tionȱactivities.ȱ
ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
Bothȱ EPOȬKitȱ Cȱ andȱ EPOȬEducatorȱ alignȱ withȱ
groundȬbasedȱ educationȱ activitiesȱ beingȱ
plannedȱinȱconjunctionȱwithȱSTSȬ118.ȱAsȱpartȱofȱ
theseȱ activities,ȱ studentsȱ inȱ kindergartenȱ
throughȱ12thȱgradeȱwillȱplan,ȱdesign,ȱbuildȱandȱ
validateȱ theȱ performanceȱ ofȱ theirȱ plantȱ growthȱ
chamberȱ designȱ usingȱ flownȱ andȱ controlȱ seedsȱ
byȱ conductingȱ scientificȱ investigationsȱ ofȱ theirȱ
choosing.ȱ
In-flight Education Downlinks
Dependingȱ onȱ missionȱ activities,ȱ Morganȱ andȱ
selectedȱ crewȱ membersȱ willȱ participateȱ inȱ atȱ
leastȱoneȱandȱperhapsȱasȱmanyȱasȱthreeȱlive,ȱinȬ
flightȱ educationȱ downlinks.ȱ Downlinksȱ affordȱ
educationȱ audiencesȱ theȱ opportunityȱ toȱ learnȱ
firstȬhandȱfromȱspaceȱexplorersȱwhatȱitȱisȱlikeȱtoȱ
liveȱ andȱ workȱ inȱ space.ȱ Downlinksȱ areȱ apȬ
proximatelyȱ 20ȱ minutesȱ inȱ lengthȱ andȱ allowȱ
studentsȱ andȱ educatorsȱ toȱ interactȱ withȱ theȱ
crewsȱ onȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ andȱ
spaceȱ shuttleȱ throughȱ aȱ questionȱ andȱ answerȱ
session.ȱ Theseȱ eventsȱ areȱ broadcastȱ liveȱ onȱ
NASAȱTV.ȱ
Theȱ threeȱ locationsȱ chosenȱ forȱ inȬflightȱ educaȬ
tionalȱ downlinks,ȱ missionȱ eventsȱ permitting,ȱ
areȱ theȱ Discoveryȱ Centerȱ ofȱ Idahoȱ (DCI)ȱ inȱ
Boise,ȱ theȱ Challengerȱ Learningȱ Centerȱ inȱ AlexȬ
andria,ȱ Va.,ȱ andȱ theȱ Robertȱ L.ȱ Fordȱ KȬ8ȱ NASAȱ
ExplorerȱSchoolȱinȱLynn,ȱMass.ȱ
DCIȱ isȱ aȱ handsȬonȱ scienceȱ museumȱ directlyȱ
servingȱ 100,000ȱ visitorsȱ (agesȱ 1Ȭ100)ȱ aȱ yearȱ inȱ
southwesternȱ Idaho.ȱ DCIȱ hasȱ educationalȱ proȬ
gramsȱ thatȱ serveȱ 30,000ȱ studentsȱ statewide.ȱ
Challengerȱ Centerȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Scienceȱ Educationȱ
(CCSSE)ȱ isȱ aȱ notȬforȬprofitȱ educationȱ organizaȬ
tionȱfoundedȱbyȱtheȱfamiliesȱofȱtheȱshuttleȱChalȬ
lengerȱ astronautsȱ lostȱ inȱ 1986.ȱ Fromȱ thisȱ event,ȱ
theȱChallengerȱfamiliesȱandȱCCSSEȱdevelopedȱaȱ
networkȱ ofȱ 49ȱ Challengerȱ Learningȱ Centersȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
(CLCs)ȱ acrossȱ theȱ nation,ȱ enablingȱ 400,000ȱ stuȬ
dentsȱandȱ25,000ȱteachersȱtoȱexperienceȱaȱsimuȬ
latedȱ spaceȱ missionȱ eachȱ year.ȱ Theȱ Robertȱ L.ȱ
Fordȱ Schoolȱ NASAȱ Explorerȱ Schoolȱ isȱ aȱ fullȬ
serviceȱ communityȱ schoolȱ thatȱ offersȱ aȱ varietyȱ
ofȱ servicesȱ toȱ helpȱ supportȱ familiesȱ andȱ stuȬ
dents.ȱ
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
NASAȱ Educationȱ developedȱ aȱ Webȱ presenceȱ
forȱ STSȬ118,ȱ http://www.nasa.gov/sts118.ȱ Thisȱ
siteȱ providesȱ aȱ centralȱ locationȱ forȱ allȱ informaȬ
tionȱrelatedȱtoȱeducationȱopportunities.ȱTheȱsiteȱ
containsȱaȱvarietyȱofȱinformationȱonȱeventsȱandȱ
opportunities,ȱ educationȱ challenges,ȱ educationȱ
materials,ȱrelatedȱstoriesȱ andȱpartnerships.ȱ Theȱ
“Eventsȱ andȱ Opportunities”ȱ sectionȱ involvesȱ
currentȱ opportunitiesȱ toȱ engageȱ inȱ conferencesȱ
andȱworkshops.ȱ
Theȱ “Educationȱ Challenges”ȱ sectionȱ involvesȱ
opportunitiesȱ toȱ engageȱ studentsȱ inȱ excitingȱ
learningȱ experiences.ȱ Theȱ “Educationȱ MateriȬ
als”ȱ sectionȱ includesȱ focusedȱ materialsȱ conȬ
nectedȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ missionȱ objectives.ȱ Theȱ
“Relatedȱ Storiesȱ &ȱ Profiles”ȱ sectionȱ portraysȱ
storiesȱ relatedȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ crewȱ andȱ theirȱ
interactionȱ withȱ educationȱ audiences.ȱ Throughȱ
aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ profiles,ȱ studentsȱ andȱ teachersȱ willȱ
learnȱmoreȱaboutȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱspaceȱshuttleȱmisȬ
sionȱ throughȱ aȱ behindȬtheȬscenesȱ lookȱ fromȱ aȱ
fewȱmembersȱofȱtheȱteamȱthatȱareȱpreparingȱforȱ
theȱ flight.ȱ Atȱ theȱ sameȱ time,ȱ readersȱ willȱ learnȱ
moreȱaboutȱsomeȱofȱtheȱmanyȱdiverseȱjobsȱperȬ
formedȱbyȱtheȱNASAȱworkforce.ȱTheȱ“PartnerȬ
ships”ȱ sectionȱ includesȱ theȱ organizationsȱ thatȱ
NASAȱ hasȱ partneredȱ withȱ toȱ involveȱ studentsȱ
inȱ theȱ excitementȱ ofȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ
mission.ȱ
63
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ȱ
Ground-Based Activities
FromȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱEducationȱhomeȱpage,ȱformalȱ
andȱ informalȱ educatorsȱ canȱ engageȱ theirȱ stuȬ
dentsȱ inȱ activitiesȱ thatȱ connectȱ toȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ
missionȱobjectives.ȱLearnȱmoreȱbyȱpreparingȱforȱ
andȱ followingȱ theȱ mission.ȱ Preparationȱ forȱ theȱ
educationȱ missionȱ activitiesȱ isȱ separatedȱ intoȱ
twoȱ categories:ȱ Engineeringȱ Designȱ andȱ SusȬ
tainingȱ Life.ȱ Theȱ missionȱ activitiesȱ areȱ organȬ
izedȱaccordingȱtoȱaȱbroadȱoverviewȱofȱaȱmissionȱ
timeline,ȱ includingȱ “Endeavourȱ liftsȱ off,”ȱ “EnȬ
deavourȱdocksȱtoȱtheȱISS”ȱandȱ“EndeavourȱunȬ
docksȱfromȱtheȱISS.”ȱ
Engineering Design Challenge
ToȱmarkȱMorgan’sȱfirstȱflight,ȱNASA’sȱExploraȬ
tionȱ Systemsȱ Missionȱ Directorateȱ (ESMD)ȱ andȱ
Officeȱ ofȱ Educationȱ areȱ coȬsponsoringȱ aȱ stanȬ
dardsȬbasedȱ Engineeringȱ Designȱ Challengeȱ forȱ
studentsȱ inȱ kindergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ grade.ȱ
ThisȱwillȱbeȱtheȱprimaryȱfocusȱforȱgroundȬbasedȱ
educationȱ activitiesȱ alignedȱ withȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ
mission.
Inȱthisȱchallenge,ȱstudentsȱwillȱbeȱchargedȱwithȱ
designingȱ aȱ plantȱ growthȱ systemȱ forȱ theȱ moonȱ
thatȱ canȱ beȱ eitherȱ deliveredȱ toȱ theȱ moonȱ asȱ aȱ
completeȱ unit,ȱ orȱ assembledȱ onȱ theȱ lunarȱ surȬ
face.ȱGivenȱaȱbasicȱsetȱofȱrequirementsȱandȱconȬ
straints,ȱ studentsȱ willȱ design,ȱ analyze,ȱ buildȱ
andȱ assessȱ theȱ system.ȱ Allȱ elementsȱ ofȱ theȱ deȬ
signȱ challengeȱ willȱ mapȱ toȱ standardsȱ inȱ techȬ
nologyȱ (whichȱ includesȱ engineeringȱ design),ȱ
scienceȱandȱmathematics.
Theȱ challengeȱ isȱ beingȱ developedȱ inȱ cooperaȬ
tionȱ withȱ Internationalȱ Technologyȱ Educationȱ
Associationȱ (ITEA)ȱ andȱ willȱ beȱ offered,ȱ freeȱ ofȱ
charge,ȱ throughȱ theȱ NASAȱ Webȱ site.ȱ Itȱ willȱ beȱ
presentedȱ inȱ versionsȱ appropriateȱ forȱ elemenȬ
tary,ȱmiddle,ȱandȱhighȱschoolȱteachers.ȱInȱaddiȬ
tionȱ toȱ aȱ design/build/assessȱ track,ȱ aȱ deȬ
64
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
sign/assessȱ trackȱ willȱ beȱ offeredȱ inȱ orderȱ toȱ
makeȱ theȱ challengeȱ attractiveȱ toȱ bothȱ teachersȱ
withȱ experienceȱ inȱ engineeringȱandȱ technologyȱ
educationȱandȱthoseȱthatȱmayȱnotȱhaveȱasȱmuchȱ
comfortȱteachingȱdesign,ȱand/orȱclassroomȱtimeȱ
toȱbuildȱaȱchamberȱprototype.ȱ
TheȱengineeringȱdesignȱchallengeȱwillȱofferȱlesȬ
sonȱ guides,ȱ extensions,ȱ assessments,ȱ andȱ releȬ
vantȱ backgroundȱ materials.ȱ Teachingȱ tipsȱ andȱ
strategies,ȱadviceȱfromȱNASAȱplantȱresearchers,ȱ
andȱ recommendationsȱ fromȱ NASAȱ designȱ enȬ
gineersȱ willȱ beȱ incorporatedȱ intoȱ theȱ challengeȱ
website.ȱ Aȱ careerȱ cornerȱ willȱ beȱ establishedȱ onȱ
theȱ Webȱ siteȱ toȱ highlightȱ theȱ differentȱ areasȱ ofȱ
studyȱthatȱ areȱ relatedȱtoȱplantȱ growthȱresearchȱ
andȱengineeringȱdesign.ȱ
Onceȱaȱsystemȱisȱbuiltȱorȱobtainedȱ(andȱtheȱdeȬ
signȱ evaluated),ȱ registeredȱ teachersȱ areȱ eligibleȱ
toȱreceiveȱaȱsetȱofȱbasilȱseeds,ȱflownȱonȱSTSȬ118ȱ
withȱEducatorȱAstronautȱBarbaraȱMorgan,ȱwithȱ
whichȱ toȱ validateȱ theȱ performanceȱ ofȱ theȱ sysȬ
temȱandȱrunȱadditionalȱexperiments.ȱParkȱSeedȱ
CompanyȱhasȱpartneredȱwithȱNASAȱtoȱprovideȱ
andȱ packageȱ theȱ seedsȱ forȱ educationȱ distribuȬ
tion.ȱ Approximatelyȱ 100,000ȱ setsȱ ofȱ STSȬ118ȱ
seedsȱ willȱ beȱ madeȱ available.ȱ Controlȱ (nonȬ
spaceȱ flown)ȱ basilȱ seedsȱ willȱ alsoȱ beȱ providedȱ
byȱParkȱSeedȱCompany.ȱ
Educatorsȱ mayȱ obtainȱ fromȱ NASAȱ aȱ certificateȱ
ofȱ participationȱ byȱ completingȱ aȱ finalȱ evaluaȬ
tionȱ ofȱ theȱ engineeringȱ designȱ challenge.ȱ ProȬ
fessionalȱdevelopmentȱforȱeducatorsȱwillȱbeȱofȬ
feredȱthroughȱtheȱITEA,ȱNASAȱCenters,ȱatȱeduȬ
catorȱ conferences,ȱ NASAȱ Educatorȱ Resourceȱ
Centers,ȱandȱthroughȱotherȱNASAȱprojectsȱsuchȱ
asȱNASAȱExplorerȱSchoolsȱandȱAerospaceȱEduȬ
cationȱ Servicesȱ Project.ȱ Activeȱ engagementȱ ofȱ
educatorsȱ willȱ alsoȱ beȱ pursuedȱ throughȱ educaȬ
tionalȱpromotionȱtoȱprincipals,ȱstateȱscienceȱsuȬ
pervisors,ȱ andȱ curriculumȱ developers.ȱ Theȱ NaȬ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
tionalȱScienceȱTeachersȱAssociationȱisȱalsoȱpartȬ
neringȱ withȱ NASAȱ toȱ provideȱ aȱ guideȱ onȱ howȱ
toȱconductȱaȱscientificȱexperiment.ȱ
Pennant Design Challenge
Studentsȱ createdȱ aȱ design,ȱ conductedȱ research,ȱ
andȱ wroteȱ anȱ essayȱ aboutȱ theȱ design’sȱ connecȬ
tionȱ toȱ exploration.ȱ Theȱ pennantȱ designȱ wasȱ
basedȱ onȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ missionȱ orȱ
NASA’sȱ Visionȱ forȱ Spaceȱ Exploration.ȱ Inȱ May,ȱ
oneȱoverallȱwinnerȱwasȱselectedȱthroughȱonlineȱ
votingȱ atȱ KOL,ȱ AOL’sȱ serviceȱ forȱ kids.ȱ Theȱ
winningȱ designȱ willȱ beȱ flownȱ aboardȱ spaceȱ
shuttleȱEndeavourȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱmission.ȱ
Physical Fitness Challenge
NASAȇsȱ Fitȱ Explorerȱ projectȱ isȱ aȱ scientificȱ andȱ
physicalȱapproachȱtoȱhumanȱhealthȱ andȱ fitnessȱ
onȱEarthȱandȱinȱspace.ȱWhileȱusingȱaȱstandardsȬ
basedȱscienceȱactivityȱsetȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱ
shuttleȱ missionȱ andȱ humanȱ spaceflightȱ inȱ genȬ
eral,ȱstudentsȱwillȱlearnȱaboutȱNASAȇsȱexploraȬ
tionȱ missionȱ andȱ theȱ requirementsȱ ofȱ livingȱ inȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EDUCATOR ASTRONAUT PROJECT
space.ȱ Theyȱ alsoȱ willȱ performȱ physicalȱ activiȬ
ties,ȱ including:ȱ Baseȱ Stationȱ WalkȬBack,ȱ SpaceȬ
walking,ȱ Jumpingȱ forȱ theȱ Moon,ȱ andȱ aȱ simuȬ
latedȱ crewȱ strengthȱ trainingȱ exercise.ȱ Theȱ Fitȱ
Explorerȱ projectȱ willȱ startȱ withȱ theȱ launchȱ ofȱ
STSȬ118ȱandȱisȱtargetedȱforȱstudentsȱinȱelemenȬ
taryȱschool.ȱ
Additional Information
Educatorsȱ areȱ encouragedȱ toȱ signȱ upȱ forȱ theȱ
Educationȱ Expressȱ emailȱ mailingȱ listȱ viaȱ theȱ
NASAȱ Portalȱ toȱ receiveȱ updatesȱ onȱ theȱ engiȬ
neeringȱ designȱ challenge,ȱ informationȱ onȱ howȱ
toȱregisterȱforȱtheȱseeds,ȱasȱwellȱasȱotherȱrelatedȱ
activitiesȱandȱeventsȱthatȱsurroundȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱ
mission.
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/
topnav/mailinglist/
Forȱadditionalȱinformationȱpleaseȱcheckȱout:ȱ
http://www.nasa.gov/sts118
65
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Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ

66
ȱ
MISSION PROFILE JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
ȱ
DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVES
Detailedȱ Testȱ Objectivesȱ (DTOs)ȱ areȱ aimedȱ atȱ
testing,ȱ evaluatingȱ orȱ documentingȱ spaceȱ shutȬ
tleȱ systemsȱ orȱ hardware,ȱ orȱ proposedȱ imȬ
provementsȱtoȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱorȱspaceȱstationȱ
hardware,ȱsystemsȱandȱoperations.ȱ
SuchȱexperimentsȱassignedȱtoȱSTSȬ118ȱareȱlistedȱ
below.ȱ
DTO 853 In-Flight Evaluation for Areas
of CO2 Concentration
Theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ theȱ DTOȱ isȱ toȱ evaluateȱ carbonȱ
dioxideȱ(CO2)ȱlevelsȱatȱspecificȱtimesȱduringȱtheȱ
missionȱ andȱ inȱ shuttleȱ areasȱ thatȱ haveȱ theȱ poȬ
tentialȱtoȱcontainȱelevatedȱlevels.ȱTheȱDTOȱwillȱ
beȱ carriedȱ outȱ overȱ fourȱ missions,ȱ includingȱ
STSȬ118,ȱSTSȬ120,ȱSTSȬ122ȱandȱSTSȬ123.ȱDuringȱ
theȱ missions,ȱ theȱ dataȱ willȱ beȱ collectedȱ overȱ aȱ
periodȱofȱfiveȱdays,ȱduringȱsimilarȱtimeȱperiodsȱ
andȱinȱsimilarȱlocations.ȱ
TheȱCO2ȱlevelsȱwillȱbeȱrecordedȱusingȱtheȱCarȬ
bonȱ Dioxideȱ Monitorȱ (CDM)ȱ —ȱ aȱ portableȱ
handheldȱ deviceȱ designedȱ toȱ monitorȱ andȱ
quantifyȱCO2ȱconcentrations.ȱ
Theȱ testȱ wasȱ promptedȱ byȱ theȱ STSȬ121ȱ andȱ
STSȬ115ȱmissionȱcrewsȱwhoȱreportedȱexperiencȬ
ingȱ stuffinessȱ andȱ headachesȱ whileȱ sleepingȱ inȱ
theȱ middeckȱ area.ȱ Theȱ symptomsȱ areȱ believedȱ
toȱmostȱlikelyȱresultȱfromȱexposureȱtoȱhighȱlevȬ
elsȱofȱCO2.ȱ
ForȱtheȱreportedȱtimesȱduringȱSTSȬ121ȱandȱ115,ȱ
theȱCO2ȱlevelsȱwithinȱtheȱcrewȱmodule,ȱasȱindiȬ
catedȱ byȱ theȱ vehicleȱ instrumentation,ȱ wereȱ
withinȱ theȱ acceptableȱ range.ȱ Additionally,ȱ forȱ
theȱcourseȱofȱtheȱdockedȱphase,ȱtheȱCO2ȱlevelsȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
inȱtheȱshuttleȱtrackedȱwellȱwithȱtheȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱ
station.ȱ Theȱ stationȱ crewȱ didȱ notȱ reportȱ anyȱ
symptoms.ȱ
Dataȱ samplingȱ locationsȱ forȱ theȱ testȱ areȱ deȬ
pendentȱ uponȱ crewȱ sleepȱ locationsȱ andȱ highȱ
activityȱlocationsȱbecauseȱtheȱpostȬsleepȱactivityȱ
periodȱ andȱ highȱ activityȱ periodsȱ areȱ theȱ timesȱ
whenȱ CO2ȱ symptomsȱ wasȱ reportedȱ byȱ theȱ
STSȬ121ȱandȱ115ȱcrews.ȱ
Duringȱ theȱ fourȱ missions,ȱ theȱ crewȱ willȱ placeȱ
theȱCDMȱinȱtheȱmiddeckȱbeforeȱtheyȱgoȱtoȱsleepȱ
soȱ thatȱ groundȱ controllersȱ canȱ monitorȱ CO2ȱ
levelsȱ continuously.ȱ Theȱ informationȱ willȱ beȱ
usedȱ toȱ identifyȱ CO2ȱ “hotȱ spots”ȱ withinȱ theȱ
shuttle.ȱ
Asȱ aȱ result,ȱ engineeringȱ evaluationsȱ willȱ beȱ
madeȱtoȱfineȬtuneȱairȱexchangeȱanalyses,ȱtoȱdeȬ
termineȱifȱanyȱconfigurationȱchangesȱareȱnecesȬ
saryȱtoȱoptimizeȱairflowȱandȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱopȬ
erationalȱ improvementsȱ areȱ neededȱ orȱ ifȱ crewȱ
exposureȱtimeȱinȱidentifiedȱareasȱshouldȱbeȱlimȬ
ited.ȱ
CDMȱ technologyȱ wasȱ successfullyȱ usedȱ toȱ deȬ
termineȱ theȱ existenceȱ ofȱ CO2ȱ pocketsȱ onȱ theȱ
spaceȱ station.ȱ Theȱ kitȱ thatȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ onȱ theȱ
shuttleȱwillȱincludeȱtheȱCDM,ȱfiltersȱandȱseveralȱ
batteryȱpacks.ȱTheȱCDMȱisȱcapableȱofȱmonitorȬ
ingȱ CO2ȱ inȱ aȱ localizedȱ areaȱ forȱ eitherȱ longȱ orȱ
shortȱdurationsȱofȱtime,ȱdependingȱonȱtheȱoperȬ
atingȱmode.ȱ
SDTO 13005-U ISS Structural Life and
Life Validation and Extension
Theȱ purposeȱ ofȱ thisȱ Stationȱ Developmentȱ Testȱ
Objectiveȱ (SDTO)ȱ isȱ toȱ guaranteeȱ safetyȱ ofȱ theȱ
stationȱstructureȱandȱcrewȱbyȱvalidatingȱtheȱonȬ
67
 ȱ
ȱ
orbitȱ mathȱ modelsȱ thatȱ wereȱ createdȱ forȱ theȱ
spaceȱ station.ȱ Theȱ testȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ toȱ validateȱ
criticalȱ interfaceȱ loadȱ andȱ toȱ helpȱ improveȱ faȬ
tigueȱlifeȱpredictionȱonȱtheȱstation.ȱ
Duringȱ thisȱ mission,ȱ ifȱ crewȱ timeȱ isȱ available,ȱ
threeȱ testsȱ willȱ beȱ performed:ȱ oneȱ duringȱ theȱ
shuttleȬstationȱ matedȱ reboost,ȱ oneȱ duringȱ unȬ
dockingȱ andȱ oneȱ duringȱ S5ȱ trussȱ installation.ȱ
Theȱ testsȱ willȱ provideȱ dynamicȱ loadsȱ informaȬ
tionȱ forȱ engineersȱ toȱ useȱ inȱ creatingȱ preciseȱ
modelsȱ thatȱ canȱ beȱ usedȱ forȱ analysis.ȱ OnȬorbitȱ
dataȱmayȱaidȱinȱdetectingȱstructuralȱanomalies,ȱ
andȱ theȱ station’sȱ responseȱ toȱ actualȱ loadingȱ
eventsȱ aidsȱ inȱ postȬflightȱ reconstructionȱ ofȱ
loadsȱthatȱhelpȱdetermineȱstructuralȱlifeȱusage.ȱ
Theȱ testȱ requiresȱ actualȱ orȱ educatedȱ estimatesȱ
ofȱ inputȱ (forcingȱ function)ȱ andȱ actualȱ outputȱ
(onȬorbitȱ sensorȱ measurements)ȱ ofȱ theȱ stationȱ
response.ȱ Measurementȱ ofȱ theȱ forceȱ inputȱ (i.e.,ȱ
thrusterȱ firingȱ sequences,ȱ videoȱ ofȱ crewȱ activȬ
ity,ȱ etc.)ȱ andȱ stationȱ responseȱ willȱ aidȱ reconȬ
structionȱofȱstationȱloadsȱandȱstructuralȱlifeȱusȬ
ageȱ overȱ theȱ lifeȱ ofȱ theȱ station,ȱ thusȱ allowingȱ
lifeȱextensionȱofȱtheȱstructure.ȱ
AllȱofȱtheȱonȬorbitȱdynamicȱtestsȱwereȱalsoȱperȬ
formedȱ onȱ theȱ ISSȬOrbiterȱ matedȱ configurationȱ
models.ȱ
SHORT-DURATION RESEARCH TO BE
COMPLETED DURING STS-118/13A.1
Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ andȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ StaȬ
tionȱ haveȱ anȱ integratedȱ researchȱ programȱ thatȱ
optimizesȱ useȱ ofȱ shuttleȱ crewȱ membersȱ andȱ
longȬdurationȱ spaceȱ stationȱ crewȱ membersȱ inȱ
addressingȱ researchȱ questionsȱ inȱ aȱ varietyȱ ofȱ
disciplines.ȱ
68
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
Human Research Experiments
Incidenceȱ ofȱ Latentȱ Virusȱ Shieldingȱ duringȱ
Spaceflightȱ (Latentȱ Virus)ȱ willȱ determineȱ theȱ
frequenciesȱ ofȱ reactivationȱ ofȱ latentȱ virusesȱ —ȱ
inactiveȱ virusesȱ inȱ theȱ bodyȱ thatȱ canȱ beȱ reactiȬ
vated,ȱ suchȱ asȱ coldȱ soresȱ —ȱ andȱ clinicalȱ disȬ
easesȱafterȱexposureȱtoȱtheȱphysical,ȱphysiologiȬ
cal,ȱandȱpsychologicalȱstressorsȱassociatedȱwithȱ
spaceflight.ȱ Understandingȱ latentȱ virusȱ reactiȬ
vationȱmayȱbeȱcriticalȱtoȱcrewȱhealthȱduringȱexȬ
tendedȱspaceȱmissionsȱwhenȱcrewȱmembersȱliveȱ
andȱworkȱinȱaȱclosedȱenvironment.ȱ
Testȱ ofȱ Midodrineȱ asȱ aȱ Countermeasureȱ
Againstȱ PostȬFlightȱ Orthostaticȱ Hypotensionȱ
(Midodrine)ȱ isȱ aȱ testȱ ofȱ theȱ abilityȱ ofȱ theȱ drugȱ
midodrineȱtoȱreduceȱtheȱincidenceȱorȱseverityȱofȱ
orthostaticȱhypotension.ȱIfȱsuccessful,ȱitȱwillȱbeȱ
employedȱasȱaȱcountermeasureȱtoȱtheȱdizzinessȱ
causedȱ byȱ theȱ bloodȬpressureȱ decreaseȱ thatȱ
manyȱ astronautsȱ experienceȱ uponȱ returningȱ toȱ
theȱEarthȇsȱgravity.ȱ
Perceptualȱ Motorȱ Deficitsȱ inȱ Spaceȱ (PMDIS)ȱ
willȱ investigateȱ whyȱ astronautsȱ experienceȱ difȬ
ficultyȱ withȱ handȬeyeȱ coordinationȱ whileȱ inȱ
space.ȱTheseȱmeasurementsȱwillȱbeȱusedȱtoȱdisȬ
tinguishȱ betweenȱ threeȱ possibleȱ explanations:ȱ
theȱ brainȱ notȱ adaptingȱ toȱ theȱ nearȱ weightlessȬ
nessȱ ofȱ space;ȱ theȱ difficultyȱ ofȱ performingȱ fineȱ
movementsȱ whenȱ floatingȱ inȱ space;ȱ andȱ stressȱ
dueȱtoȱfactorsȱsuchȱasȱspaceȱsicknessȱandȱsleepȱ
deprivation.ȱ Thisȱ experimentȱ isȱ aȱ cooperativeȱ
effortȱwithȱtheȱCanadianȱSpaceȱAgency.ȱ
Bioavailablityȱ andȱ Performanceȱ Effectsȱ ofȱ
Promethazineȱ duringȱ Spaceflightȱ (PMZ)ȱ willȱ
examineȱtheȱperformanceȬimpactingȱsideȬeffectsȱ
ofȱ promethazineȱ andȱ itsȱ bioavailabilityȱ —ȱ theȱ
degreeȱ toȱ whichȱ aȱ drugȱ canȱ beȱ absorbedȱ andȱ
usedȱbyȱtheȱpartsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱonȱwhichȱitȱisȱinȬ
tendedȱ toȱ haveȱ anȱ effect.ȱ Promethazineȱ isȱ aȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
medicationȱtakenȱ byȱastronautsȱtoȱpreventȱ moȬ
tionȱsickness.ȱ
SleepȬWakeȱ Actigraphyȱ andȱ Lightȱ Exposureȱ
duringȱ Spaceflightȱ Ȭȱ Shortȱ (SleepȬShort)ȱ willȱ
examineȱ theȱ effectsȱ ofȱ spaceflightȱ onȱ theȱ sleepȬ
wakeȱ cyclesȱ ofȱ theȱ astronautsȱ duringȱ shuttleȱ
missions.ȱAdvancingȱstateȬofȬtheȬartȱtechnologyȱ
forȱ monitoring,ȱ diagnosingȱ andȱ assessingȱ
treatmentȱ ofȱ sleepȱ patternsȱ isȱ vitalȱ toȱ treatingȱ
insomniaȱonȱEarthȱandȱinȱspace.ȱ
Biological Science Investigations
Commercialȱ Biomedicalȱ Testȱ Moduleȱ Ȭȱ 2ȱ
(CBTMȬ2)ȱwillȱuseȱaȱvalidatedȱmouseȱmodelȱtoȱ
examineȱ theȱ effectivenessȱ ofȱ anȱ experimentalȱ
therapeuticȱ asȱ aȱ possibleȱ countermeasureȱ forȱ
muscleȱ atrophy.ȱ Combinedȱ withȱ exercise,ȱ thisȱ
experimentalȱtherapeuticȱdevelopedȱbyȱtheȱbioȬ
technologyȱ company,ȱ Amgen,ȱ couldȱ oneȱ dayȱ
formȱ theȱ basisȱ forȱ aȱ treatmentȱ thatȱ willȱ helpȱ
maintainȱ aȱ highȱ levelȱ ofȱ physicalȱ fitnessȱ inȱ fuȬ
tureȱflightȱcrews.ȱ
Cellȱ Cultureȱ Moduleȱ Ȭȱ Immuneȱ Responseȱ ofȱ
Humanȱ Monocytesȱ inȱ Microgravityȱ (CCMȬ
Immuneȱ Response)ȱ isȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Defenseȱ
Spaceȱ TestȱProgramȱ researchȱ thatȱ usesȱ cellȱ culȬ
tureȱinȱmicrogravityȱasȱaȱmodelȱofȱreducedȱimȬ
muneȱfunction.ȱThisȱinvestigationȱwillȱexamineȱ
theȱ responseȱ ofȱ humanȱ immuneȱ cellsȱ inȱ microȬ
gravityȱtoȱnewȱchitosanȬbasedȱantibacterials.ȱ
Cellȱ Cultureȱ Moduleȱ Ȭȱ Effectȱ ofȱ Microgravityȱ
onȱ Woundȱ Repair:ȱ Inȱ Vitroȱ Modelȱ ofȱ Newȱ
BloodȱVesselȱDevelopmentȱ(CCMȬWoundȱReȬ
pair)ȱisȱDepartmentȱofȱDefenseȱSpaceȱTestȱProȬ
gramȱ researchȱ thatȱ usesȱ cellȱ cultureȱ inȱ microȬ
gravityȱ asȱ aȱ modelȱ ofȱ woundȱ healing.ȱ Thisȱ inȬ
vestigationȱisȱdirectedȱatȱtheȱuseȱofȱadiposeȱdeȬ
rivedȱadultȱstemȱcellsȱforȱuseȱinȱinjuryȱrepair.ȱItȱ
willȱ examineȱ howȱ microgravityȱ altersȱ newȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
bloodȱ vesselȱ developmentȱ whichȱ isȱaȱ keyȱ comȬ
ponentȱofȱwoundȱandȱtissueȱrepair.ȱ
Streptococcusȱ pneumoniaeȱ Geneȱ Expressionȱ
andȱ Virulenceȱ Potentialȱ inȱ theȱ Spaceȱ EnviȬ
ronmentȱ (SPEGIS)ȱ willȱ examineȱ theȱ behaviorȱ
andȱ growthȱ ofȱ bacteriaȱ inȱ microgravity.ȱ Theȱ
dataȱcollectedȱwillȱgiveȱinsightȱonȱwhatȱtypesȱofȱ
bacterialȱ infectionsȱ mayȱ occurȱ duringȱ longȬ
durationȱ spaceȱ missionsȱ andȱ theȱ risksȱ toȱ crewȱ
members.ȱ
Educational Activities
Educationȱ Payloadȱ Operationsȱ Ȭȱ Educatorȱ
(EPOȱ Ȭȱ Educator)ȱ willȱ useȱ videoȱ andȱ stillȱ phoȬ
tographyȱ toȱ captureȱ dataȱ ofȱ experimentȱ activiȬ
tiesȱ inȱ space.ȱ Studentsȱ alsoȱ willȱ beȱ designingȱ
andȱ completingȱ groundȬbasedȱ investigationsȱ
developedȱ byȱ theȱ NASAȱ Educationȱ Office,ȱ foȬ
cusingȱ onȱ kindergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ gradeȱ
students.ȱ Theȱ activitiesȱ willȱ supportȱ educatorȱ
astronautsȱinȱtheirȱmissions.ȱAnȱeducatorȱastroȬ
nautȱisȱaȱfullȬtimeȱastronautȱwhoȱhasȱexperienceȱ
teachingȱ inȱ elementary,ȱ middleȱ school,ȱ orȱ highȱ
schoolȱclassrooms.ȱ
Spaceflight Technology Tests
Mauiȱ Analysisȱ ofȱ Upperȱ Atmosphericȱ InjecȬ
tionsȱ (MAUI)ȱ willȱ observeȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ
engineȱ exhaustȱ plumesȱ fromȱ theȱ Mauiȱ Spaceȱ
Surveillanceȱ Siteȱ inȱ Hawaii.ȱ Theȱ observationsȱ
willȱ occurȱ whenȱ theȱ shuttleȱ firesȱ itsȱ enginesȱ atȱ
nightȱorȱtwilight.ȱAȱtelescopeȱandȱallȬskyȱimagȬ
ersȱwillȱtakeȱimagesȱandȱdataȱwhileȱtheȱshuttleȱ
fliesȱoverȱtheȱMauiȱsite.ȱTheȱimagesȱwillȱbeȱanaȬ
lyzedȱ toȱ betterȱ understandȱ theȱ interactionȱ beȬ
tweenȱ theȱ spacecraftȱ plumeȱ andȱ theȱ upperȱ atȬ
mosphere.ȱ
Ramȱ Burnȱ Observationsȱ (RAMBO)ȱ isȱ anȱ exȬ
perimentȱ inȱ whichȱ theȱ Departmentȱ ofȱ Defenseȱ
usesȱ aȱ satelliteȱ toȱ observeȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ orbitalȱ
69
 ȱ
ȱ
maneuveringȱsystemȱengineȱburns.ȱTheȱstudyȇsȱ
purposeȱ isȱ toȱ improveȱ plumeȱ models,ȱ whichȱ
predictȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱtheȱplume,ȱorȱrisingȱcolȬ
umnȱ ofȱ exhaust,ȱ asȱ theȱ shuttleȱ maneuversȱ onȱ
orbit.ȱ Understandingȱ thisȱ flowȱ directionȱ couldȱ
beȱ significantȱ toȱ theȱ safeȱ arrivalȱ andȱ departureȱ
ofȱspacecraftȱonȱ currentȱ andȱfutureȱ explorationȱ
missions.ȱ
ISS RESEARCH SAMPLES RETURNED
ON STS-118/13A.1
Human Research Experiment Samples
Nutritionalȱ Statusȱ Assessmentȱ (Nutrition)ȱ isȱ
NASAȇsȱ mostȱ comprehensiveȱ inȬflightȱ studyȱ toȱ
dateȱ ofȱ humanȱ physiologicȱ changesȱ duringȱ
longȬdurationȱ spaceflight;ȱ thisȱ includesȱ measȬ
uresȱ ofȱ boneȱ metabolism,ȱ oxidativeȱ damage,ȱ
nutritionalȱassessmentsȱandȱhormonalȱchanges.ȱ
Thisȱ studyȱ willȱ impactȱ bothȱ theȱ definitionȱ ofȱ
nutritionalȱ requirementsȱ andȱ developmentȱ ofȱ
foodȱ systemsȱ forȱ futureȱ spaceȱ explorationȱ misȬ
sionsȱ toȱ theȱ moonȱ andȱ Mars.ȱ Thisȱ experimentȱ
alsoȱwillȱhelpȱtoȱunderstandȱtheȱimpactȱofȱcounȬ
termeasuresȱ—ȱexerciseȱandȱpharmaceuticalsȱ—ȱ
onȱnutritionalȱstatusȱandȱnutrientȱrequirementsȱ
forȱastronauts.ȱ
Aȱ Comprehensiveȱ Characterizationȱ ofȱ MicroȬ
organismsȱ andȱ Allergensȱ inȱ Spacecraftȱ
(SWAB)ȱ willȱ useȱ advancedȱ molecularȱ techȬ
niquesȱ toȱ comprehensivelyȱ evaluateȱ microbesȱ
onȱ theȱ spaceȱ station,ȱ includingȱ pathogensȱ (orȬ
ganismsȱ thatȱ mayȱ causeȱ disease).ȱ Itȱ alsoȱ willȱ
trackȱ changesȱ inȱ theȱ microbialȱ communityȱ asȱ
spacecraftȱ visitȱ theȱ stationȱ andȱ newȱ stationȱ
modulesȱ areȱ added.ȱ Thisȱ studyȱ willȱ allowȱ anȱ
assessmentȱ ofȱ theȱ riskȱ ofȱ microbesȱ toȱ theȱ crewȱ
andȱtheȱspacecraft.ȱ
70
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
Technology Test Samples
Capillaryȱ Flowȱ Experimentȱ (CFE)ȱ isȱ aȱ suiteȱ ofȱ
fluidȱphysicsȱexperimentsȱthatȱinvestigateȱcapilȬ
laryȱflowsȱandȱflowsȱofȱfluidsȱinȱcontainersȱwithȱ
complexȱ geometries.ȱ Resultsȱ willȱ improveȱ curȬ
rentȱcomputerȱmodelsȱthatȱareȱusedȱbyȱdesignȬ
ersȱ ofȱ lowȱ gravityȱ fluidȱ systemsȱ andȱ mayȱ imȬ
proveȱ fluidȱ transferȱ systemsȱ onȱ futureȱ spaceȬ
craft.ȱ
Elasticȱ Memoryȱ Compositeȱ Hingeȱ (EMCH)ȱ
willȱ studyȱ theȱ performanceȱ ofȱ aȱ newȱ typeȱ ofȱ
compositeȱhingeȱtoȱdetermineȱifȱitȱisȱsuitableȱforȱ
useȱ inȱ space.ȱ Theȱ experimentȱ willȱ useȱ elasticȱ
memoryȱ hingesȱ toȱ moveȱ anȱ attachedȱ massȱ atȱ
oneȱend.ȱMaterialsȱtestedȱinȱthisȱexperimentȱareȱ
strongerȱandȱlighterȱthanȱcurrentȱmaterialȱusedȱ
inȱspaceȱhingesȱandȱcouldȱbeȱusedȱinȱtheȱdesignȱ
ofȱfutureȱspacecraft.ȱ
Materialsȱ onȱ theȱ Internationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ
ExperimentȱȬȱ3ȱandȱ4ȱ(MISSEȱȬȱ3ȱandȱ4)ȱareȱtheȱ
thirdȱandȱfourthȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱfiveȱsuitcaseȬsizedȱ
testȱ bedsȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ outsideȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ
station.ȱ Theȱ stationȱ crewȱ deployedȱ theȱ bedsȱ
duringȱ aȱ spacewalkȱ inȱ Augustȱ 2006.ȱ Theyȱ areȱ
exposingȱhundredsȱofȱpotentialȱspaceȱconstrucȬ
tionȱ materialsȱ andȱ differentȱ typesȱ ofȱ solarȱ cellsȱ
toȱtheȱharshȱenvironmentȱofȱspace.ȱMountedȱtoȱ
theȱ spaceȱ stationȱ forȱ approximatelyȱ aȱ year,ȱ theȱ
equipmentȱ thenȱ willȱ beȱ returnedȱ toȱ Earthȱ forȱ
study.ȱ Investigatorsȱ willȱ useȱ theȱ resultingȱ dataȱ
toȱ designȱ stronger,ȱ moreȱ durableȱ spacecraft.ȱ
MISSEȱ1,ȱ2ȱandȱ5ȱalreadyȱhaveȱbeenȱreturnedȱtoȱ
Earthȱforȱanalysis.ȱ
Life Sciences Samples
Thresholdȱ Accelerationȱ forȱ Gravisensingȱ
(Gravi)ȱwillȱdetermineȱtheȱminimumȱamountȱofȱ
artificialȱgravityȱneededȱtoȱcauseȱlentilȱseedlingȱ
rootsȱ toȱ startȱ growingȱ inȱ aȱ newȱ direction.ȱ Thisȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
workȱ supportsȱ futureȱ effortsȱ toȱ growȱ sufficientȱ
edibleȱcropsȱonȱlongȬdurationȱspaceȱmissions.ȱ
Analysisȱ ofȱ aȱ Novelȱ Sensoryȱ Mechanismȱ inȱ
Rootȱ Phototropismȱ (Tropi)ȱ sproutedȱ ArabiȬ
dopsisȱ thalianaȱ (thaleȱ cress)ȱ plantsȱ fromȱ seedsȱ
underȱ differentȱ frequenciesȱ ofȱ lightȱ andȱ levelsȱ
ofȱartificialȱgravity.ȱTheȱplantsȱwillȱbeȱanalyzedȱ
atȱtheȱmolecularȱlevelȱtoȱdetermineȱwhatȱgenesȱ
areȱ responsibleȱ forȱ successfulȱ plantȱ growthȱ inȱ
microgravity.ȱ
ADDITIONAL ISS RESEARCH FROM
NOW UNTIL THE END OF
EXPEDITION 15
Human Research Experiments
Cardiovascularȱ andȱ Cerebrovascularȱ Controlȱ
onȱReturnȱfromȱISSȱ(CCISS)ȱwillȱstudyȱtheȱefȬ
fectsȱ ofȱ longȬdurationȱ spaceflightȱ onȱ crewȱ
membersȇȱ heartȱ functionsȱ andȱ theirȱ bloodȱ vesȬ
selsȱthatȱsupplyȱtheȱbrain.ȱLearningȱmoreȱaboutȱ
theȱcardiovascularȱandȱcerebrovascularȱsystemsȱ
couldȱ leadȱ toȱ specificȱ countermeasuresȱ thatȱ
mightȱbetterȱprotectȱfutureȱspaceȱtravelers.ȱThisȱ
experimentȱ isȱ collaborativeȱ withȱ theȱ Canadianȱ
SpaceȱAgency.ȱ
Analysisȱ ofȱ Astronautȱ Journalsȱ (Journals),ȱ usȬ
ingȱ journalsȱ keptȱ byȱ theȱ crewȱ andȱ surveys,ȱ isȱ
studyingȱ theȱ effectȱ ofȱ isolation.ȱ Byȱ quantifyingȱ
theȱimportanceȱofȱdifferentȱbehavioralȱissuesȱinȱ
longȬdurationȱcrews,ȱtheȱstudyȱwillȱhelpȱNASAȱ
designȱ equipmentȱ andȱ proceduresȱ toȱ allowȱ asȬ
tronautsȱ toȱ copeȱ effectivelyȱ withȱ isolationȱ andȱ
longȬdurationȱspaceflight.ȱ
SleepȬWakeȱ Actigraphyȱ andȱ Lightȱ Exposureȱ
duringȱSpaceflightȬLongȱ(SleepȬLong)ȱwillȱexȬ
amineȱ theȱ effectsȱ ofȱ spaceflightȱ andȱ ambientȱ
lightȱ exposureȱ onȱ theȱ sleepȬwakeȱ cyclesȱ ofȱ theȱ
JULY 2007
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
crewȱ membersȱ duringȱ longȬdurationȱ staysȱ onȱ
theȱspaceȱstation.ȱ
Exploration Technology Testing
Analyzingȱ Interferometerȱ forȱ Ambientȱ Airȱ
(ANITA)ȱ willȱ monitorȱ 32ȱ gaseousȱ contamiȬ
nants,ȱ includingȱ formaldehyde,ȱ ammoniaȱ andȱ
carbonȱ monoxide,ȱ inȱ theȱ stationȱ atmosphere.ȱ
Theȱ experimentȱ willȱ testȱ theȱ accuracyȱ andȱ reliȬ
abilityȱ ofȱ thisȱ technologyȱ asȱ aȱ potentialȱ nextȬ
generationȱ atmosphereȱ traceȬgasȱ monitoringȱ
systemȱforȱtheȱstation.ȱ
SmokeȱandȱAerosolȱMeasurementȱExperimentȱ
(SAME)ȱ willȱ measureȱ theȱ smokeȱ properties,ȱ orȱ
particleȱ sizeȱ distribution,ȱ fromȱ typicalȱ spaceȬ
craftȱ fireȱ smokesȱ toȱ identifyȱ waysȱ toȱ improveȱ
smokeȱdetectorsȱonȱfutureȱspacecraft.ȱ
Synchronizedȱ Positionȱ Hold,ȱ Engage,ȱ ReoriȬ
ent,ȱ Experimentalȱ Satellitesȱ (SPHERES)ȱ areȱ
bowlingȬballȱsizedȱsphericalȱsatellites.ȱTheyȱwillȱ
beȱ usedȱ insideȱ theȱ spaceȱ stationȱ toȱ testȱ aȱ setȱ ofȱ
wellȬdefinedȱ instructionsȱ forȱ spacecraftȱ perȬ
formingȱ autonomousȱ rendezvousȱ andȱ dockingȱ
maneuvers.ȱ Threeȱ freeȬflyingȱ spheresȱ willȱ flyȱ
withinȱ theȱ cabinȱ ofȱ theȱ station,ȱ performingȱ
flightȱformations.ȱEachȱsatelliteȱisȱselfȬcontainedȱ
withȱpower,ȱpropulsion,ȱcomputersȱandȱnavigaȬ
tionȱ equipment.ȱ Theȱ resultsȱ areȱ importantȱ forȱ
satelliteȱservicing,ȱvehicleȱassemblyȱandȱformaȬ
tionȱflyingȱspacecraftȱconfigurations.ȱ
Physical and Life Sciences
BCATȬ3ȱ (Binaryȱ Colloidalȱ Alloyȱ Testȱ –ȱ 3):ȱ
CrewsȱphotographedȱsamplesȱofȱcolloidalȱpartiȬ
clesȱ (tinyȱ nanoscaleȱ spheresȱ suspendedȱ inȱ liqȬ
uid)ȱ toȱ documentȱ liquid/gasȱ phaseȱ changes,ȱ
growthȱofȱbinaryȱcrystals,ȱandȱtheȱformationȱofȱ
colloidalȱ crystalsȱ confinedȱ toȱ aȱ surface.ȱ Dataȱ
mayȱ leadȱ toȱ improvementsȱ inȱ supercriticalȱ fluȬ
idsȱ usedȱ inȱ rocketȱ propellantsȱ andȱ biotechnolȬ
71
 ȱ
ȱ
ogyȱ applications,ȱ andȱ advancementsȱ inȱ fiberȬ
opticsȱtechnology.ȱ
Coarseningȱ inȱ Solidȱ Liquidȱ MixturesȬ2ȱ
(CSLMȬ2)ȱ examinesȱ theȱ kineticsȱ ofȱ competitiveȱ
particleȱ growthȱ withinȱ aȱ liquidȱ matrix.ȱ Duringȱ
thisȱ process,ȱ smallȱ particlesȱ shrinkȱ byȱ losingȱ
atomsȱtoȱlargerȱparticles,ȱcausingȱtheȱlargerȱparȬ
ticlesȱtoȱgrowȱ(coarsen)ȱwithinȱaȱliquidȱlead/tinȱ
matrix.ȱThisȱstudyȱdefinedȱtheȱmechanismsȱandȱ
ratesȱ ofȱ coarseningȱ thatȱ governȱ turbineȱ blades,ȱ
dentalȱamalgamȱfillings,ȱironȱcopper,ȱetc.ȱ
TheȱEffectȱofȱAnȱExperimentalȱTherapeuticȱonȱ
Reducingȱ theȱ Muscleȱ Atrophyȱ thatȱ Occursȱ inȱ
Spaceflight.ȱ Thisȱ investigationȱ willȱ useȱ aȱ valiȬ
datedȱ mouseȱ modelȱ toȱ examineȱ theȱ effectiveȬ
nessȱ ofȱ anȱ experimentalȱ therapeuticȱ developedȱ
byȱ Amgenȱ asȱ aȱ possibleȱ countermeasureȱ forȱ
muscleȱ atrophy.ȱ Combinedȱ withȱ exercise,ȱ thisȱ
experimentalȱ therapeuticȱ couldȱ oneȱ dayȱ formȱ
theȱbasisȱforȱaȱtreatmentȱthatȱwillȱhelpȱmaintainȱ
aȱ highȱ levelȱ ofȱ physicalȱ fitnessȱ inȱ futureȱ flightȱ
crews.ȱȱThisȱexperimentȱwillȱremainȱaboardȱtheȱ
shuttleȱduringȱtheȱSTSȬ118ȱflight.ȱ
Microgravityȱ Accelerationȱ Measurementȱ SysȬ
temȱ (MAMS)ȱ andȱ Spaceȱ Accelerationȱ MeasȬ
urementȱ Systemȱ (SAMSȬII)ȱ measureȱ vibrationȱ
andȱ quasiȬsteadyȱ accelerationsȱ thatȱ resultȱ fromȱ
vehicleȱ controlȱ burns,ȱ dockingȱ andȱ undockingȱ
activities.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ differentȱ equipmentȱ packȬ
agesȱ measureȱ vibrationsȱ atȱ differentȱ frequenȬ
cies.ȱ
Molecularȱ andȱ Plantȱ Physiologicalȱ Analysesȱ
ofȱ theȱ Microgravityȱ Effectsȱ onȱ MultigeneraȬ
tionȱ Studiesȱ ofȱ Arabidopsisȱ thalianaȱ (MultiȬ
gen)ȱ willȱ growȱ Arabidopsisȱ thalianaȱ –ȱ aȱ smallȱ
floweringȱplantȱrelatedȱtoȱcabbageȱandȱmustardȱ
—ȱ inȱ orbitȱ forȱ threeȱ generations.ȱ Theȱ resultsȱ ofȱ
thisȱ investigationȱ willȱ supportȱ futureȱ plansȱ toȱ
growȱ plantsȱ onȱ theȱ longȬdurationȱ transitȱ toȱ
72
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS
Mars.ȱ Thisȱ isȱ aȱ cooperativeȱ investigationȱ withȱ
theȱEuropeanȱSpaceȱAgency,ȱESA.ȱ
Earth Observations
Crewȱ Earthȱ Observationsȱ (CEO)ȱ takesȱ advanȬ
tageȱofȱtheȱcrewȱinȱspaceȱtoȱobserveȱandȱphotoȬ
graphȱ naturalȱ andȱ humanȬmadeȱ changesȱ onȱ
Earth.ȱ Theȱ photographsȱ recordȱ theȱ Earth’sȱ surȬ
faceȱ changesȱ overȱ time,ȱ alongȱ withȱ moreȱ fleetȬ
ingȱeventsȱsuchȱasȱstorms,ȱfloods,ȱfiresȱandȱvolȬ
canicȱ eruptions.ȱ Together,ȱ theyȱ provideȱ reȬ
searchersȱ onȱ Earthȱ withȱ vital,ȱ continuousȱ imȬ
agesȱtoȱbetterȱunderstandȱtheȱplanet.ȱ
CrewȱEarthȱObservationsȱȬȱInternationalȱPolarȱ
Yearȱ (CEOȬIPY)ȱ isȱ anȱ internationalȱ collaboraȬ
tionȱofȱscientistsȱforȱtheȱobservationȱandȱexploȬ
rationȱ ofȱ Earth’sȱ Polarȱ Regionsȱ fromȱ 2007ȱ toȱ
2009.ȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱcrewȱmembersȱ
willȱ photographȱ polarȱ phenomenaȱ includingȱ
aurorasȱ andȱ mesosphericȱ cloudsȱ toȱ meetȱ reȬ
questsȱ fromȱ scientistsȱ conductingȱ groundȱ reȬ
searchȱforȱtheȱInternationalȱPolarȱYear.ȱ
Educational Activities
CommercialȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȱ
Scienceȱ Insertȱ Ȭȱ 02ȱ (CSIȬ02)ȱ isȱ anȱ educationalȱ
payloadȱ designedȱ toȱ interestȱ middleȱ schoolȱ
studentsȱ inȱ science,ȱ technology,ȱ engineeringȱ
andȱ mathȱ byȱ participatingȱinȱnearȱrealȬtimeȱreȬ
searchȱconductedȱonȱboardȱtheȱstation.ȱStudentsȱ
willȱ observeȱ threeȱ experimentsȱ throughȱ dataȱ
andȱ imageryȱ downlinkedȱ andȱ distributedȱ diȬ
rectlyȱ intoȱ theȱ classroomȱ viaȱ theȱ Internet.ȱ Theȱ
firstȱ isȱ aȱ seedȱ germinationȱ experimentȱ throughȱ
whichȱ studentsȱ willȱ learnȱ howȱ gravityȱ affectsȱ
plantȱ development.ȱ Smallȱ seedsȱ willȱ beȱ develȬ
opedȱ onȱ orbitȱ inȱ aȱ gardenȱ habitat.ȱ Theȱ secondȱ
experimentȱwillȱexamineȱcrystalȱgrowthȱformaȬ
tionȱ usingȱ specificȱ typesȱ ofȱ proteinsȱ andȱ enȬ
zymes,ȱ andȱ theȱ thirdȱ experimentȱ willȱ examineȱ
crystalȱ formationȱ usingȱ silicatesȱ —ȱ compoundsȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
containingȱ silicon,ȱ oxygenȱ andȱ oneȱ orȱ moreȱ
metals.ȱForȱtheȱtwoȱcrystalȱgrowthȱexperiments,ȱ
studentsȱ willȱ growȱ crystalsȱ inȱ theirȱ classroomsȱ
andȱ analyzeȱ growthȱ ofȱ thoseȱ comparedȱ toȱ theȱ
crystalsȱgrownȱinȱspace.ȱ
Educationȱ Payloadȱ Operationsȱ Ȭȱ Kitȱ Cȱ (EPOȱ Ȭȱ
KitȱC)ȱisȱanȱonȬorbitȱplantȱgrowthȱinvestigationȱ
usingȱ basilȱ seeds.ȱ Theȱ stillȱ andȱ videoȱ imageryȱ
capturedȱ willȱ beȱ usedȱ asȱ partȱ ofȱ aȱ nationalȱ enȬ
gineeringȱ designȱ challengeȱ forȱ studentsȱ inȱ kinȬ
dergartenȱ throughȱ 12thȱ grade.ȱ Onȱ theȱ ground,ȱ
studentsȱ willȱ growȱ basilȱ seedsȱ —ȱ controlȱ andȱ
flownȱ seedsȱ —ȱ inȱ growthȱ chambersȱ toȱ conductȱ
theirȱownȱscienceȱexperimentsȱonȱplantȱgrowth.ȱ
ȱ

JULY 2007
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS 73
 ȱ
ȱ

Thisȱpageȱintentionallyȱleftȱblank.ȱ

74
ȱ
EXPERIMENTS JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ

SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE

ADVANCED HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ȱ
Duringȱ theȱ STSȬ118ȱ mission,ȱ theȱ Advancedȱ
HealthȱManagementȱSystemȱ(AHMS)ȱ—ȱanȱenȬ
gineȱ improvementȱ systemȱ thatȱ shutsȱ downȱ anȱ
engineȱ ifȱ anomaliesȱ areȱ detectedȱ —ȱ willȱ beȱ acȬ
tivelyȱoperatingȱonȱallȱthreeȱenginesȱforȱtheȱfirstȱ
time.ȱ Theȱ AHMSȱ collectsȱ andȱ processesȱ turȬ
bopumpȱ accelerometerȱ data,ȱ aȱ measureȱ ofȱ turȬ
bopumpȱ vibration,ȱ andȱ continuouslyȱ monitorsȱ
turbopumpȱ health.ȱ Ifȱ vibrationȱ anomaliesȱ areȱ
detected,ȱtheȱsystemȱshutsȱtheȱengineȱdown.ȱ
Theȱ AHMSȱ operatedȱ inȱ monitorȬonlyȱ modeȱ onȱ
oneȱ engineȱ duringȱ theȱ STSȬ116ȱ missionȱ inȱ DeȬ
cemberȱ2006ȱandȱinȱactiveȬmodeȱonȱoneȱengineȱ
duringȱ theȱ STSȬ117ȱ missionȱ inȱ Juneȱ 2007.ȱ Dataȱ
fromȱ STSȬ117ȱ indicatedȱ theȱ AHMSȱ operatedȱ asȱ
intended.

ȱ
Theȱspaceȱshuttleȱmainȱengineȱisȱtheȱworldȇsȱmostȱsophisticatedȱreusableȱrocketȱengine.ȱȱ
Duringȱaȱshuttleȱlaunch,ȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱthreeȱenginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱȱ
eightȬandȬoneȬhalfȱminutesȱduringȱliftoffȱandȱascent.

JULY 2007
ȱ
SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE AHMS 75
 ȱ
ȱ
Whenȱ aȱ shuttleȱ liftsȱ offȱ theȱ launchȱ pad,ȱ itȱ doesȱ
soȱ withȱ theȱ helpȱ ofȱ threeȱ reusable,ȱ highȱ perȬ
formanceȱ rocketȱ engines.ȱ Eachȱ mainȱ engineȱ isȱ
14ȱfeetȱlongȱandȱ7.5ȱfeetȱinȱdiameterȱatȱtheȱnozȬ
zleȱ exit.ȱ Oneȱ engineȱ weighsȱ approximatelyȱ
7,750ȱ poundsȱ andȱ generatesȱ moreȱ thanȱ 12ȱ milȬ
lionȱ horsepower,ȱ equivalentȱ toȱ moreȱ thanȱ fourȱ
timesȱ theȱ outputȱ ofȱ theȱ Hooverȱ Dam.ȱ Theȱ enȬ
ginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱ8.5ȱminutesȱduringȱliftȬ
offȱ andȱ ascentȱ —ȱ longȱ enoughȱ toȱ burnȱ moreȱ
thanȱ 500,000ȱ gallonsȱ ofȱ superȬcoldȱ liquidȱ hyȬ
drogenȱandȱliquidȱoxygenȱpropellantsȱstoredȱinȱ
theȱ externalȱ fuelȱ tank,ȱ whichȱ isȱ attachedȱ toȱ theȱ
shuttleȇsȱ underside.ȱ Liquidȱ oxygenȱ isȱ storedȱ atȱ
Ȭ298ȱdegreesȱFahrenheit,ȱandȱliquidȱhydrogenȱisȱ
storedȱ atȱ Ȭ423ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheit.ȱ Theȱ enginesȱ
shutȱ downȱ justȱ beforeȱ theȱ shuttle,ȱ travelingȱ atȱ
aboutȱ17,000ȱmph,ȱreachesȱorbit.ȱ
Thisȱ engineȱ upgradeȱ significantlyȱ improvesȱ
spaceȱ shuttleȱ flightȱ safetyȱ andȱ reliability.ȱ Theȱ
upgrade,ȱdevelopedȱbyȱNASA’sȱMarshallȱSpaceȱ
FlightȱCenterȱinȱHuntsville,ȱAla.,ȱisȱaȱmodificaȬ
tionȱ ofȱ theȱ existingȱ mainȱ engineȱ controller,ȱ
whichȱisȱtheȱonȬengineȱcomputerȱthatȱmonitorsȱ
andȱcontrolsȱallȱmainȱengineȱoperations.ȱ
Theȱ modificationsȱ includeȱ theȱ additionȱ ofȱ adȬ
vancedȱ digitalȱ signalȱ processors,ȱ radiationȬ
hardenedȱ memoryȱ andȱ newȱ software.ȱ Theseȱ
ȱ
76
ȱ
SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE AHMS
changesȱ toȱ theȱ mainȱ engineȱ controllerȱ provideȱ
theȱ capabilityȱ forȱ completelyȱ newȱ monitoringȱ
andȱ insightȱ intoȱ theȱ healthȱ ofȱ theȱ twoȱ mostȱ
complexȱ componentsȱ ofȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttle’sȱ
mainȱ engineȱ —ȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ fuelȱ turȬ
bopumpȱ andȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ oxidizerȱ turȬ
bopump.ȱ
TheȱfuelȱandȱoxidizerȱturbopumpsȱrotateȱatȱapȬ
proximatelyȱ 34,000ȱ andȱ 23,000ȱ revolutionsȱ perȱ
minute,ȱ respectively.ȱ Toȱ operateȱ atȱ suchȱ exȬ
tremeȱ speeds,ȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ turbopumpsȱ
useȱ highlyȱ specializedȱ bearingsȱ andȱ preciselyȱ
balancedȱcomponents.ȱTheȱAHMSȱupgradeȱutilȬ
izesȱ dataȱ fromȱ threeȱ existingȱ sensorsȱ (accelerȬ
ometers)ȱmountedȱonȱeachȱofȱtheȱhighȬpressureȱ
turbopumpsȱtoȱmeasureȱhowȱmuchȱeachȱpumpȱ
isȱ vibrating.ȱ Theȱ outputȱ dataȱ fromȱ theȱ accelerȬ
ometersȱisȱroutedȱtoȱtheȱnewȱAHMSȱdigitalȱsigȬ
nalȱprocessorsȱinstalledȱinȱtheȱmainȱengineȱconȬ
troller.ȱ Theseȱ processorsȱ analyzeȱ theȱ sensorȱ
readingsȱ20ȱtimesȱperȱsecond,ȱlookingȱforȱvibraȬ
tionȱanomaliesȱthatȱareȱindicativeȱofȱimpendingȱ
failureȱofȱrotatingȱturbopumpȱcomponentsȱsuchȱ
asȱ blades,ȱ impellers,ȱ inducersȱ andȱ bearings.ȱ Ifȱ
theȱ magnitudeȱ ofȱ anyȱ vibrationȱ anomalyȱ exȬ
ceedsȱ safeȱ limits,ȱ theȱ upgradedȱ mainȱ engineȱ
controllerȱ immediatelyȱ shutsȱ downȱ theȱ unȬ
healthyȱengine.ȱ
JULY 2007
 ȱ
ȱ
SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA
ȱ
SHUTTLE ABORT MODES
RSLS Aborts
Theseȱ occurȱ whenȱ theȱ onȬboardȱ shuttleȱ comȬ
putersȱdetectȱaȱproblemȱandȱcommandȱaȱhaltȱinȱ
theȱlaunchȱsequenceȱafterȱtakingȱ overȱ fromȱ theȱ
groundȱ launchȱ sequencerȱ andȱ beforeȱ solidȱ
rocketȱboosterȱignition.ȱ
Ascent Aborts
Selectionȱ ofȱanȱascentȱabortȱmodeȱmayȱ becomeȱ
necessaryȱifȱthereȱisȱaȱfailureȱthatȱaffectsȱvehicleȱ
performance,ȱsuchȱasȱtheȱfailureȱofȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ
tleȱmainȱengineȱorȱanȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsysȬ
temȱ engine.ȱ Otherȱ failuresȱ requiringȱ earlyȱ terȬ
minationȱofȱaȱflight,ȱsuchȱasȱaȱcabinȱleak,ȱmightȱ
alsoȱ requireȱ theȱ selectionȱ ofȱ anȱ abortȱ mode.ȱ
Thereȱareȱtwoȱbasicȱtypesȱofȱascentȱabortȱmodesȱ
forȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ missions:ȱ intactȱ abortsȱ andȱ
contingencyȱ aborts.ȱ Intactȱ abortsȱ areȱ designedȱ
toȱ provideȱ aȱ safeȱ returnȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ toȱ aȱ
plannedȱ landingȱ site.ȱ Contingencyȱ abortsȱ areȱ
designedȱtoȱpermitȱflightȱcrewȱsurvivalȱfollowȬ
ingȱmoreȱsevereȱfailuresȱwhenȱanȱintactȱabortȱisȱ
notȱpossible.ȱAȱcontingencyȱabortȱwouldȱgenerȬ
allyȱresultȱinȱaȱditchȱoperation.ȱ
Intact Aborts
Thereȱ areȱ fourȱ typesȱ ofȱ intactȱ aborts:ȱ abortȱ toȱ
orbitȱ (ATO),ȱ abortȱ onceȱ aroundȱ (AOA),ȱ transȬ
oceanicȱ abortȱ landingȱ (TAL)ȱ andȱ returnȱ toȱ
launchȱsiteȱ(RTLS).ȱ
Return to Launch Site
Theȱ RTLSȱ abortȱ modeȱ isȱ designedȱ toȱ allowȱ theȱ
returnȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiter,ȱ crewȱ andȱ payloadȱ toȱ theȱ
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launchȱ site,ȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ approxiȬ
matelyȱ25ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ
Theȱ RTLSȱ profileȱ isȱ designedȱ toȱ accommodateȱ
theȱ lossȱ ofȱ thrustȱ fromȱ oneȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ
engineȱ betweenȱ liftoffȱ andȱ approximatelyȱ fourȱ
minutesȱ 20ȱ seconds,ȱ atȱ whichȱ timeȱ notȱ enoughȱ
mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ propellantȱ remainsȱ toȱ
returnȱ toȱ theȱ launchȱ site.ȱ Anȱ RTLSȱ canȱ beȱ conȬ
sideredȱ toȱ consistȱofȱthreeȱ stagesȱ —ȱ aȱpoweredȱ
stage,ȱ duringȱwhichȱ theȱspaceȱ shuttleȱmainȱenȬ
ginesȱareȱstillȱthrusting;ȱanȱexternalȱtankȱseparaȬ
tionȱ phase;ȱ andȱ theȱ glideȱ phase,ȱ duringȱ whichȱ
theȱ orbiterȱ glidesȱ toȱ aȱ landingȱ atȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ
SpaceȱCenter.ȱTheȱpoweredȱRTLSȱphaseȱbeginsȱ
withȱtheȱcrewȱselectionȱofȱtheȱRTLSȱabort,ȱafterȱ
solidȱrocketȱboosterȱseparation.ȱTheȱcrewȱselectsȱ
theȱ abortȱ modeȱ byȱ positioningȱ theȱabortȱ rotaryȱ
switchȱ toȱ RTLSȱ andȱ depressingȱ theȱ abortȱ pushȱ
button.ȱ Theȱ timeȱ atȱ whichȱ theȱ RTLSȱ isȱ selectedȱ
dependsȱonȱtheȱreasonȱforȱtheȱabort.ȱForȱexamȬ
ple,ȱ aȱ threeȬengineȱ RTLSȱ isȱ selectedȱ atȱ theȱ lastȱ
moment,ȱ aboutȱ 3ȱ minutes,ȱ 34ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ theȱ
mission;ȱwhereasȱanȱRTLSȱchosenȱdueȱtoȱanȱenȬ
gineȱoutȱatȱliftoffȱisȱselectedȱatȱtheȱearliestȱtime,ȱ
aboutȱ 2ȱ minutes,ȱ 20ȱsecondsȱ intoȱ theȱ missionȱ
(afterȱsolidȱrocketȱboosterȱseparation).ȱ
Afterȱ RTLSȱ isȱ selected,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ continuesȱ
downrangeȱtoȱdissipateȱexcessȱmainȱpropulsionȱ
systemȱ propellant.ȱ Theȱ goalȱ isȱ toȱ leaveȱ onlyȱ
enoughȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ propellantȱ toȱ
beȱ ableȱ toȱ turnȱ theȱ vehicleȱ around,ȱ flyȱ backȱ toȬ
wardȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Centerȱ andȱ achieveȱ
theȱproperȱmainȱengineȱcutoffȱconditionsȱsoȱtheȱ
vehicleȱ canȱ glideȱ toȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Centerȱ
afterȱ externalȱ tankȱ separation.ȱ Duringȱ theȱ
downrangeȱ phase,ȱ aȱ pitchȬaroundȱ maneuverȱ isȱ
initiatedȱ (theȱ timeȱ dependsȱ inȱ partȱ onȱ theȱ timeȱ
ofȱaȱspaceȱshuttleȱmainȱengineȱfailure)ȱtoȱorientȱ
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theȱ orbiter/externalȱ tankȱ configurationȱ toȱ aȱ
headsȬupȱ attitude,ȱ pointingȱ towardȱ theȱ launchȱ
site.ȱ Atȱ thisȱ time,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ isȱ stillȱ movingȱ
awayȱfromȱtheȱlaunchȱsite,ȱbutȱtheȱspaceȱshuttleȱ
mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ nowȱ thrustingȱ toȱ nullȱ theȱ
downrangeȱ velocity.ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ excessȱ orbitalȱ
maneuveringȱ systemȱ andȱ reactionȱ controlȱ sysȬ
temȱpropellantsȱareȱdumpedȱbyȱcontinuousȱorȬ
bitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ andȱ reactionȱ controlȱ
systemȱengineȱthrustingsȱtoȱimproveȱtheȱorbiterȱ
weightȱandȱcenterȱofȱgravityȱforȱtheȱglideȱphaseȱ
andȱlanding.ȱ
Theȱ vehicleȱ willȱ reachȱ theȱdesiredȱ mainȱengineȱ
cutoffȱ pointȱ withȱ lessȱ thanȱ 2ȱ percentȱ excessȱ
propellantȱ remainingȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Atȱ
mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ minusȱ 20ȱ seconds,ȱ aȱ pitchȱ
downȱ maneuverȱ (calledȱ poweredȱ pitchȬdown)ȱ
takesȱtheȱmatedȱvehicleȱtoȱtheȱrequiredȱexternalȱ
tankȱ separationȱ attitudeȱ andȱ pitchȱ rate.ȱ Afterȱ
mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ hasȱ beenȱ commanded,ȱ theȱ
externalȱ tankȱ separationȱ sequenceȱ begins,ȱ inȬ
cludingȱ aȱ reactionȱ controlȱ systemȱ maneuverȱ
thatȱ ensuresȱ thatȱ theȱ orbiterȱ doesȱ notȱ recontactȱ
theȱ externalȱ tankȱ andȱ thatȱ theȱ orbiterȱ hasȱ
achievedȱ theȱ necessaryȱ pitchȱ attitudeȱ toȱ beginȱ
theȱglideȱphaseȱofȱtheȱRTLS.ȱ
Afterȱtheȱreactionȱcontrolȱsystemȱmaneuverȱhasȱ
beenȱ completed,ȱ theȱ glideȱ phaseȱ ofȱ theȱ RTLSȱ
begins.ȱFromȱthenȱon,ȱtheȱRTLSȱisȱhandledȱsimiȬ
larlyȱtoȱaȱnormalȱentry.ȱ
Transoceanic Abort Landing
Theȱ TALȱ abortȱ modeȱ wasȱ developedȱ toȱ imȬ
proveȱtheȱoptionsȱavailableȱwhenȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ
tleȱmainȱengineȱfailsȱafterȱtheȱlastȱRTLSȱopporȬ
tunityȱbutȱbeforeȱtheȱfirstȱtimeȱthatȱanȱAOAȱcanȱ
beȱ accomplishedȱ withȱ onlyȱ twoȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ
mainȱ enginesȱ orȱ whenȱ aȱ majorȱ orbiterȱ systemȱ
failure,ȱforȱexample,ȱaȱlargeȱcabinȱpressureȱleakȱ
orȱ coolingȱ systemȱ failure,ȱ occursȱ afterȱ theȱ lastȱ
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RTLSȱopportunity,ȱmakingȱitȱimperativeȱtoȱlandȱ
asȱquicklyȱasȱpossible.ȱ
Inȱ aȱ TALȱ abort,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ continuesȱ onȱ aȱ balȬ
listicȱ trajectoryȱ acrossȱ theȱ Atlanticȱ Oceanȱ toȱ
landȱ atȱ aȱ predeterminedȱ runway.ȱ Landingȱ ocȬ
cursȱaboutȱ45ȱminutesȱafterȱlaunch.ȱTheȱlandingȱ
siteȱ isȱ selectedȱ nearȱ theȱ normalȱ ascentȱ groundȱ
trackȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ toȱ makeȱ theȱ mostȱ efficientȱ
useȱ ofȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ propellant.ȱ
Theȱ landingȱ siteȱ alsoȱ mustȱ haveȱ theȱ necessaryȱ
runwayȱ length,ȱ weatherȱ conditionsȱ andȱ U.S.ȱ
Stateȱ Departmentȱ approval.ȱ Theȱ threeȱ landingȱ
sitesȱ thatȱ haveȱ beenȱ identifiedȱ forȱ aȱ launchȱ areȱ
Zaragoza,ȱ Spain;ȱ Moron,ȱ Spain;ȱ andȱ Istres,ȱ
France.ȱ
Toȱ selectȱ theȱ TALȱ abortȱ mode,ȱ theȱ crewȱ mustȱ
placeȱ theȱ abortȱ rotaryȱ switchȱ inȱ theȱ TAL/AOAȱ
positionȱandȱdepressȱtheȱabortȱpushȱbuttonȱbeȬ
foreȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ (Depressingȱ itȱ afterȱ
mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ selectsȱ theȱ AOAȱ abortȱ
mode).ȱ Theȱ TALȱ abortȱ modeȱ beginsȱ sendingȱ
commandsȱtoȱsteerȱtheȱvehicleȱtowardȱtheȱplaneȱ
ofȱtheȱlandingȱsite.ȱItȱalsoȱrollsȱtheȱvehicleȱheadsȱ
upȱ beforeȱ mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ andȱ sendsȱ comȬ
mandsȱtoȱbeginȱanȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱ
propellantȱ dumpȱ (byȱ burningȱ theȱ propellantsȱ
throughȱ theȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ enȬ
ginesȱ andȱ theȱ reactionȱ controlȱ systemȱ engines).ȱ
ThisȱdumpȱisȱnecessaryȱtoȱincreaseȱvehicleȱperȬ
formanceȱ (byȱ decreasingȱ weight),ȱ toȱ placeȱ theȱ
centerȱofȱgravityȱinȱtheȱproperȱplaceȱforȱvehicleȱ
controlȱ andȱ toȱ decreaseȱ theȱ vehicleȇsȱ landingȱ
weight.ȱTALȱisȱhandledȱlikeȱaȱnormalȱentry.ȱ
Abort to Orbit
AnȱATOȱisȱanȱabortȱmodeȱusedȱtoȱboostȱtheȱorȬ
biterȱ toȱ aȱ safeȱ orbitalȱ altitudeȱ whenȱ performȬ
anceȱhasȱbeenȱlostȱandȱitȱisȱimpossibleȱtoȱreachȱ
theȱ plannedȱ orbitalȱ altitude.ȱ Ifȱ aȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ
mainȱ engineȱ failsȱ inȱ aȱ regionȱ thatȱ resultsȱ inȱ aȱ
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ȱ
mainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ underȱ speed,ȱ theȱ Missionȱ
Controlȱ Centerȱ willȱ determineȱ thatȱ anȱ abortȱ
modeȱ isȱ necessaryȱ andȱ willȱ informȱ theȱ crew.ȱ
Theȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱenginesȱwouldȱ
beȱusedȱtoȱplaceȱtheȱorbiterȱinȱaȱcircularȱorbit.ȱ
Abort Once Around
TheȱAOAȱabortȱmodeȱisȱusedȱinȱcasesȱinȱwhichȱ
vehicleȱ performanceȱ hasȱ beenȱ lostȱ toȱ suchȱ anȱ
extentȱ thatȱ eitherȱ itȱ isȱ impossibleȱ toȱ achieveȱ aȱ
viableȱorbitȱorȱnotȱenoughȱorbitalȱmaneuveringȱ
systemȱpropellantȱisȱavailableȱtoȱaccomplishȱtheȱ
orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ thrustingȱ maneuȬ
verȱtoȱplaceȱtheȱorbiterȱonȱorbitȱandȱtheȱdeorbitȱ
thrustingȱ maneuver.ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ anȱ AOAȱ isȱ
usedȱinȱcasesȱinȱwhichȱaȱmajorȱsystemsȱproblemȱ
(cabinȱ leak,ȱ lossȱ ofȱ cooling)ȱ makesȱ itȱ necessaryȱ
toȱ landȱ quickly.ȱ Inȱ theȱ AOAȱ abortȱ mode,ȱ oneȱ
orbitalȱmaneuveringȱsystemȱthrustingȱsequenceȱ
isȱ madeȱ toȱ adjustȱ theȱ postȬmainȱ engineȱ cutoffȱ
orbitȱ soȱ aȱ secondȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ
thrustingȱ sequenceȱ willȱ resultȱ inȱ theȱ vehicleȱ
deorbitingȱandȱlandingȱatȱtheȱAOAȱlandingȱsiteȱ
(Whiteȱ Sands,ȱ N.M.;ȱ Edwardsȱ Airȱ Forceȱ Base,ȱ
Calif.;ȱorȱtheȱKennedyȱSpaceȱCenter,ȱFla).ȱThus,ȱ
anȱAOAȱresultsȱinȱtheȱorbiterȱcirclingȱtheȱEarthȱ
onceȱandȱlandingȱaboutȱ90ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ
Afterȱ theȱ deorbitȱ thrustingȱ sequenceȱ hasȱ beenȱ
executed,ȱtheȱflightȱcrewȱfliesȱtoȱaȱlandingȱatȱtheȱ
plannedȱ siteȱ muchȱ asȱ itȱ wouldȱ forȱ aȱ nominalȱ
entry.ȱ
Contingency Aborts
Contingencyȱ abortsȱ areȱ causedȱ byȱ lossȱ ofȱ moreȱ
thanȱ oneȱ mainȱ engineȱ orȱ failuresȱ inȱ otherȱ sysȬ
tems.ȱLossȱofȱoneȱmainȱengineȱwhileȱanotherȱisȱ
stuckȱ atȱ aȱ lowȱ thrustȱ settingȱ alsoȱ mayȱ necessiȬ
tateȱ aȱ contingencyȱ abort.ȱ Suchȱ anȱ abortȱ wouldȱ
maintainȱ orbiterȱ integrityȱ forȱ inȬflightȱ crewȱ esȬ
capeȱ ifȱ aȱ landingȱ cannotȱ beȱ achievedȱ atȱ aȱ suitȬ
ableȱlandingȱfield.ȱ
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Contingencyȱabortsȱdueȱtoȱsystemȱfailuresȱotherȱ
thanȱ thoseȱ involvingȱ theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ wouldȱ
normallyȱresultȱinȱanȱintactȱrecoveryȱofȱvehicleȱ
andȱ crew.ȱ Lossȱ ofȱ moreȱ thanȱ oneȱ mainȱ engineȱ
may,ȱ dependingȱ onȱ engineȱ failureȱ times,ȱ resultȱ
inȱ aȱ safeȱ runwayȱ landing.ȱ However,ȱ inȱ mostȱ
threeȬengineȬoutȱ casesȱ duringȱ ascent,ȱ theȱ orȬ
biterȱ wouldȱ haveȱ toȱ beȱ ditched.ȱ Theȱ inflightȱ
crewȱ escapeȱ systemȱ wouldȱ beȱ usedȱ beforeȱ
ditchingȱtheȱorbiter.ȱ
Abort Decisions
Thereȱ isȱ aȱ definiteȱ orderȱ ofȱ preferenceȱ forȱ theȱ
variousȱabortȱmodes.ȱTheȱtypeȱofȱfailureȱandȱtheȱ
timeȱofȱtheȱfailureȱdetermineȱwhichȱtypeȱofȱabortȱ
isȱ selected.ȱ Inȱ casesȱ whereȱ performanceȱ lossȱ isȱ
theȱ onlyȱ factor,ȱ theȱ preferredȱ modesȱ areȱ ATO,ȱ
AOA,ȱ TALȱ andȱ RTLS,ȱ inȱ thatȱ order.ȱ Theȱ modeȱ
chosenȱisȱtheȱhighestȱoneȱthatȱcanȱbeȱcompletedȱ
withȱtheȱremainingȱvehicleȱperformance.ȱ
Inȱ theȱ caseȱ ofȱ someȱ supportȱ systemȱ failures,ȱ
suchȱasȱcabinȱleaksȱorȱvehicleȱcoolingȱproblems,ȱ
theȱ preferredȱ modeȱ mightȱ beȱ theȱ oneȱ thatȱ willȱ
endȱ theȱ missionȱ mostȱ quickly.ȱ Inȱ theseȱ cases,ȱ
TALȱ orȱ RTLSȱ mightȱ beȱ preferableȱ toȱ AOAȱ orȱ
ATO.ȱ Aȱ contingencyȱ abortȱ isȱ neverȱ chosenȱ ifȱ
anotherȱabortȱoptionȱexists.ȱ
Missionȱ Controlȱ Houstonȱ isȱ primeȱ forȱ callingȱ
theseȱ abortsȱ becauseȱ itȱ hasȱ aȱ moreȱ preciseȱ
knowledgeȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȇsȱ positionȱ thanȱ theȱ
crewȱcanȱobtainȱfromȱonȬboardȱsystems.ȱBeforeȱ
mainȱengineȱcutoff,ȱMissionȱControlȱmakesȱpeȬ
riodicȱcallsȱtoȱtheȱcrewȱtoȱtellȱthemȱwhichȱabortȱ
modeȱisȱ(orȱisȱnot)ȱavailable.ȱIfȱgroundȱcommuȬ
nicationsȱ areȱ lost,ȱ theȱ flightȱ crewȱ hasȱ onȬboardȱ
methods,ȱsuchȱasȱcueȱcards,ȱdedicatedȱdisplaysȱ
andȱdisplayȱinformation,ȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱabortȱ
region.ȱ Whichȱ abortȱ modeȱ isȱ selectedȱ dependsȱ
onȱ theȱ causeȱ andȱ timingȱ ofȱ theȱ failureȱ causingȱ
theȱabortȱandȱwhichȱmodeȱisȱsafestȱorȱimprovesȱ
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ȱ
missionȱsuccess.ȱIfȱtheȱproblemȱisȱaȱspaceȱshutȬ
tleȱmainȱengineȱfailure,ȱtheȱflightȱcrewȱandȱMisȬ
sionȱControlȱCenterȱselectȱtheȱbestȱoptionȱavailȬ
ableȱatȱtheȱtimeȱaȱmainȱengineȱfails.ȱ
Ifȱ theȱ problemȱ isȱ aȱ systemȱ failureȱ thatȱ jeopardȬ
izesȱ theȱ vehicle,ȱ theȱ fastestȱ abortȱ modeȱ thatȱ reȬ
sultsȱ inȱ theȱ earliestȱ vehicleȱ landingȱ isȱ chosen.ȱ
RTLSȱ andȱ TALȱ areȱ theȱ quickestȱ optionsȱ
(35ȱminutes),ȱ whereasȱ anȱ AOAȱ requiresȱ aboutȱ
90ȱminutes.ȱWhichȱofȱtheseȱ isȱselectedȱ dependsȱ
onȱtheȱtimeȱofȱtheȱfailureȱwithȱthreeȱgoodȱspaceȱ
shuttleȱmainȱengines.ȱ
TheȱflightȱcrewȱselectsȱtheȱabortȱmodeȱbyȱposiȬ
tioningȱ anȱ abortȱ modeȱ switchȱ andȱ depressingȱ
anȱabortȱpushȱbutton.ȱ
SHUTTLE ABORT HISTORY
RSLS Abort History
(STS-41 D) June 26, 1984
Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ theȱ secondȱ launchȱ attemptȱ
forȱDiscovery’sȱmaidenȱflightȱendedȱatȱTȬ4ȱsecȬ
ondsȱ whenȱ theȱ orbiter’sȱ computersȱ detectedȱ aȱ
sluggishȱ valveȱ inȱ mainȱ engineȱ No.ȱ 3.Theȱ mainȱ
engineȱwasȱreplacedȱandȱDiscoveryȱwasȱfinallyȱ
launchedȱonȱAug.ȱ30,ȱ1984.ȱ
(STS-51 F) July 12, 1985
Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Challenger’sȱ launchȱ wasȱ
haltedȱ atȱ TȬ3ȱ secondsȱ whenȱ onȬboardȱ comȬ
putersȱdetectedȱaȱproblemȱwithȱaȱcoolantȱvalveȱ
onȱ mainȱ engineȱ No.ȱ 2.ȱ Theȱ valveȱ wasȱ replacedȱ
andȱChallengerȱwasȱlaunchedȱonȱJulyȱ29,ȱ1985.ȱ
(STS-55) March 22, 1993
Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Columbia’sȱ launchȱ wasȱ
haltedȱ byȱ onȬboardȱ computersȱ atȱ TȬ3ȱ secondsȱ
followingȱaȱproblemȱwithȱpurgeȱpressureȱreadȬ
ingsȱ inȱ theȱ oxidizerȱ preburnerȱ onȱ mainȱ engineȱ
No.ȱ 2.ȱ Columbia’sȱ threeȱ mainȱ enginesȱ wereȱ reȬ
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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA
placedȱ onȱ theȱ launchȱ pad,ȱ andȱ theȱ flightȱ wasȱ
rescheduledȱ behindȱ Discovery’sȱ launchȱ onȱ
STSȬ56.ȱ Columbiaȱ finallyȱ launchedȱ onȱ
Aprilȱ26,ȱ1993.ȱ
(STS-51) Aug. 12, 1993
TheȱcountdownȱforȱDiscovery’sȱthirdȱlaunchȱatȬ
temptȱ endedȱ atȱ theȱ TȬ3ȱ secondȱ markȱ whenȱ onȬ
boardȱ computersȱ detectedȱ theȱ failureȱ ofȱ oneȱ ofȱ
fourȱsensorsȱinȱmainȱengineȱNo.ȱ2ȱwhichȱmonitorȱ
theȱ flowȱ ofȱ hydrogenȱ fuelȱ toȱ theȱ engine.ȱ Allȱ ofȱ
Discovery’sȱmainȱenginesȱwereȱorderedȱreplacedȱ
onȱtheȱlaunchȱpad,ȱdelayingȱtheȱshuttle’sȱfourthȱ
launchȱattemptȱuntilȱSept.ȱ12,ȱ1993.ȱ
(STS-68) Aug. 18, 1994
Theȱ countdownȱ forȱ Endeavour’sȱ firstȱ launchȱ
attemptȱ endedȱ 1.9ȱ secondsȱ beforeȱ liftoffȱ whenȱ
onȬboardȱ computersȱ detectedȱ higherȱ thanȱ acȬ
ceptableȱ readingsȱ inȱ oneȱ channelȱ ofȱ aȱ sensorȱ
monitoringȱ theȱ dischargeȱ temperatureȱ ofȱ theȱ
highȱ pressureȱ oxidizerȱ turbopumpȱ inȱ mainȱ enȬ
gineȱ No.ȱ 3.ȱ Aȱ testȱ firingȱ ofȱ theȱ engineȱ atȱ theȱ
StennisȱSpaceȱCenterȱinȱMississippiȱonȱSeptemȬ
berȱ 2ndȱ confirmedȱ thatȱ aȱ slightȱ driftȱ inȱ aȱ fuelȱ
flowȱ meterȱ inȱ theȱ engineȱ causedȱ aȱ slightȱ inȬ
creaseȱinȱtheȱturbopump’sȱtemperature.ȱTheȱtestȱ
firingȱ alsoȱ confirmedȱ aȱ slightlyȱ slowerȱ startȱ forȱ
mainȱengineȱNo.ȱ3ȱduringȱtheȱpadȱabort,ȱwhichȱ
couldȱ haveȱ contributedȱ toȱ theȱ higherȱ temperaȬ
tures.ȱAfterȱEndeavourȱwasȱbroughtȱbackȱtoȱtheȱ
VehicleȱAssemblyȱBuildingȱtoȱbeȱoutfittedȱwithȱ
threeȱreplacementȱengines,ȱNASAȱmanagersȱsetȱ
Oct.ȱ 2ȱ asȱ theȱ dateȱ forȱ Endeavour’sȱ secondȱ
launchȱattempt.ȱ
Abort to Orbit History
(STS-51 F) July 29, 1985
Afterȱ anȱ RSLSȱ abortȱ onȱ Julyȱ 12,ȱ 1985,ȱ ChalȬ
lengerȱ wasȱ launchedȱ onȱ Julyȱ 29,ȱ 1985.ȱ Fiveȱ
minutesȱ andȱ 45ȱ secondsȱ afterȱ launch,ȱ aȱ sensorȱ
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ȱ
problemȱresultedȱinȱtheȱshutdownȱofȱcenterȱenȬ
gineȱ No.ȱ 1,ȱ resultingȱ inȱ aȱ safeȱ Ȉabortȱ toȱ orbitȈȱ
andȱsuccessfulȱcompletionȱofȱtheȱmission.ȱ
SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINES
Developedȱ inȱ theȱ 1970sȱ byȱ NASAȇsȱ Marshallȱ
SpaceȱFlightȱCenterȱinȱHuntsville,ȱAla.,ȱtheȱspaceȱ
shuttleȱmainȱengineȱisȱtheȱmostȱadvancedȱliquidȬ
fueledȱ rocketȱ engineȱ everȱ built.ȱ Everyȱ spaceȱ
shuttleȱ mainȱengineȱ isȱ testedȱandȱ provenȱ flightȬ
worthyȱatȱNASAȇsȱStennisȱSpaceȱCenterȱinȱsouthȱ
Mississippi,ȱ beforeȱ installationȱ onȱ anȱ orbiter.ȱ Itsȱ
mainȱ featuresȱ includeȱ variableȱ thrust,ȱ highȱ perȬ
formanceȱ reusability,ȱ highȱ redundancyȱ andȱ aȱ
fullyȱintegratedȱengineȱcontroller.ȱ
Theȱ shuttle’sȱ threeȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ mountedȱ
onȱ theȱ orbiterȱ aftȱ fuselageȱ inȱ aȱ triangularȱ patȬ
tern.ȱ Spacedȱ soȱ thatȱ theyȱ areȱ movableȱ duringȱ
launch,ȱ theȱ enginesȱ areȱ usedȱ —ȱ inȱ conjunctionȱ
withȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ boostersȱ —ȱ toȱ steerȱ theȱ
shuttleȱvehicle.ȱ
Eachȱ ofȱ theseȱ powerfulȱ mainȱ enginesȱ isȱ 14ȱ feetȱ
(4.2ȱ meters)ȱ long,ȱ weighsȱ aboutȱ 7,000ȱ poundsȱ
(3,150ȱkilograms)ȱandȱisȱ7.5ȱfeetȱ(2.25ȱmeters)ȱinȱ
diameterȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱitsȱnozzle.ȱ
Theȱenginesȱoperateȱforȱaboutȱ8½ȱminutesȱdurȬ
ingȱ liftoffȱ andȱ ascentȱ —ȱ burningȱ moreȱ thanȱ
500,000ȱgallonsȱ(1.9ȱmillionȱliters)ȱofȱsuperȬcoldȱ
liquidȱhydrogenȱandȱliquidȱoxygenȱpropellantsȱ
storedȱinȱtheȱhugeȱexternalȱtankȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱ
undersideȱ ofȱ theȱ shuttle.ȱ Theȱ enginesȱ shutȱ
downȱjustȱbeforeȱtheȱshuttle,ȱtravelingȱatȱaboutȱ
17,000ȱ mphȱ (28,000ȱ kilometersȱ perȱ hour),ȱ
reachesȱorbit.ȱ
Theȱ mainȱ engineȱ operatesȱ atȱ greaterȱ temperaȬ
tureȱ extremesȱ thanȱ anyȱ mechanicalȱ systemȱ inȱ
commonȱ useȱ today.ȱ Theȱ fuel,ȱ liquefiedȱ hydroȬ
genȱ atȱ Ȭ423ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ (Ȭ253ȱ degreesȱ
Celsius),ȱ isȱ theȱ secondȱ coldestȱ liquidȱ onȱ Earth.ȱ
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Whenȱ itȱ andȱ theȱ liquidȱ oxygenȱ areȱ combusted,ȱ
theȱtemperatureȱinȱtheȱmainȱcombustionȱchamȬ
berȱ isȱ 6,000ȱ degreesȱ Fahrenheitȱ (3,316ȱ degreesȱ
Celsius),ȱhotterȱthanȱtheȱboilingȱpointȱofȱiron.ȱ
Theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ useȱ aȱ stagedȱ combustionȱ cyȬ
cleȱ soȱ thatȱ allȱ propellantsȱ enteringȱ theȱ enginesȱ
areȱ usedȱ toȱ produceȱ thrustȱ orȱ powerȱ —ȱ moreȱ
efficientlyȱthanȱanyȱpreviousȱrocketȱengine.ȱInȱaȱ
stagedȱ combustionȱ cycle,ȱ propellantsȱ areȱ firstȱ
burnedȱpartiallyȱatȱhighȱpressureȱandȱrelativelyȱ
lowȱ temperatureȱ —ȱ thenȱ burnedȱ completelyȱ atȱ
highȱ temperatureȱ andȱ pressureȱ inȱ theȱ mainȱ
combustionȱ chamber.ȱ Theȱ rapidȱ mixingȱ ofȱ theȱ
propellantsȱ underȱ theseȱ conditionsȱ isȱ soȱ comȬ
pleteȱthatȱ99ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱfuelȱisȱburned.ȱ
Atȱnormalȱoperatingȱlevel,ȱtheȱenginesȱgenerateȱ
490,847ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ thrustȱ (measuredȱ inȱ aȱ vacȬ
uum).ȱ Fullȱ powerȱ isȱ 512,900ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ thrust;ȱ
minimumȱpowerȱisȱ316,100ȱpoundsȱofȱthrust.ȱ
TheȱengineȱcanȱbeȱthrottledȱbyȱvaryingȱtheȱoutȬ
putȱ ofȱ theȱ preȬburners,ȱ thusȱ varyingȱ theȱ speedȱ
ofȱ theȱ highȬpressureȱ turbopumpsȱ and,ȱ thereȬ
fore,ȱtheȱflowȱofȱtheȱpropellant.ȱ
Atȱ aboutȱ 26ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ launch,ȱ theȱ mainȱ enȬ
ginesȱ areȱ throttledȱ downȱ toȱ 316,000ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ
thrustȱtoȱkeepȱtheȱdynamicȱpressureȱonȱtheȱveȬ
hicleȱ belowȱ aȱ specifiedȱ levelȱ —ȱ aboutȱ
580ȱpoundsȱperȱsquareȱfootȱorȱmaxȱq.ȱThen,ȱtheȱ
enginesȱareȱthrottledȱbackȱupȱtoȱnormalȱoperatȬ
ingȱ levelȱ atȱ aboutȱ 60ȱ seconds.ȱ Thisȱ reducesȱ
stressȱ onȱ theȱ vehicle.ȱ Theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ
throttledȱ downȱ againȱ atȱ aboutȱ sevenȱ minutes,ȱ
40ȱ secondsȱ intoȱ theȱ missionȱ toȱ maintainȱ
threeȱg’sȱ—ȱthreeȱtimesȱtheȱEarth’sȱgravitationalȱ
pullȱ —ȱ againȱ reducingȱ stressȱ onȱ theȱ crewȱ andȱ
theȱvehicle.ȱThisȱaccelerationȱlevelȱisȱaboutȱoneȬ
thirdȱ theȱ accelerationȱ experiencedȱ onȱ previousȱ
crewedȱspaceȱvehicles.ȱ
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Aboutȱ10ȱsecondsȱbeforeȱmainȱengineȱcutoffȱorȱ
MECO,ȱtheȱcutoffȱsequenceȱbegins;ȱaboutȱthreeȱ
secondsȱlaterȱtheȱmainȱenginesȱareȱcommandedȱ
toȱbeginȱthrottlingȱatȱ10ȱpercentȱ thrustȱ perȱ secȬ
ondȱtoȱ65ȱpercentȱthrust.ȱThisȱisȱheldȱforȱaboutȱ
6.7ȱseconds,ȱandȱtheȱenginesȱareȱshutȱdown.ȱ
Theȱ engineȱ performanceȱ hasȱ theȱ highestȱ thrustȱ
forȱ itsȱ weightȱ ofȱ anyȱ engineȱ yetȱ developed.ȱ Inȱ
fact,ȱ oneȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ generatesȱ
sufficientȱ thrustȱ toȱ maintainȱ theȱ flightȱ ofȱ 2½ȱ
747ȱairplanes.ȱ
Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engineȱ isȱ alsoȱ theȱ firstȱ
rocketȱengineȱtoȱuseȱaȱbuiltȬinȱelectronicȱdigitalȱ
controller,ȱ orȱ computer.ȱ Theȱ controllerȱ willȱ acȬ
ceptȱ commandsȱ fromȱ theȱ orbiterȱ forȱ engineȱ
start,ȱ changeȱ inȱ throttle,ȱ shutdown,ȱ andȱ moniȬ
torȱ engineȱ operation.ȱ Inȱ theȱ eventȱ ofȱ aȱ failure,ȱ
theȱ controllerȱ automaticallyȱ correctsȱ theȱ probȬ
lemȱorȱsafelyȱshutsȱdownȱtheȱengine.ȱ
NASAȱ continuesȱ toȱ increaseȱ theȱ reliabilityȱ andȱ
safetyȱ ofȱ shuttleȱ flightsȱ throughȱ aȱ seriesȱ ofȱ enȬ
hancementsȱ toȱ theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ engines.ȱ
Theȱ enginesȱ wereȱ modifiedȱ inȱ 1988,ȱ 1995,ȱ 1998ȱ
andȱ 2001.ȱ Modificationsȱ includeȱ newȱ highȬ
pressureȱfuelȱandȱoxidizerȱturbopumpsȱthatȱreȬ
duceȱ maintenanceȱ andȱ operatingȱ costsȱ ofȱ theȱ
engine,ȱ aȱ twoȬductȱ powerheadȱ thatȱ reducesȱ
pressureȱ andȱ turbulenceȱ inȱ theȱ engine,ȱ andȱ aȱ
singleȬcoilȱheatȱexchangerȱthatȱlowersȱtheȱnumȬ
berȱofȱpostȱflightȱinspectionsȱrequired.ȱAnotherȱ
modificationȱ incorporatesȱ aȱ largeȬthroatȱ mainȱ
combustionȱchamberȱthatȱimprovesȱtheȱengine’sȱ
reliabilityȱ byȱ reducingȱ pressureȱ andȱ temperaȬ
tureȱinȱtheȱchamber.ȱ
Afterȱtheȱorbiterȱlands,ȱtheȱenginesȱareȱremovedȱ
andȱ returnedȱ toȱ aȱ processingȱ facilityȱ atȱ KenȬ
nedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Fla.,ȱ whereȱ theyȱ areȱ reȬ
checkedȱ andȱ readiedȱ forȱ theȱ nextȱ flight.ȱ Someȱ
componentsȱ areȱ returnedȱ toȱ theȱ mainȱ engine’sȱ
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primeȱcontractor,ȱPrattȱ&ȱWhitneyȱRocketDyne,ȱ
WestȱPalmȱBeach,ȱFla.,ȱforȱregularȱmaintenance.ȱ
Theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ areȱ designedȱ toȱ operateȱ forȱ
7.5ȱaccumulatedȱhours.ȱ
SPACE SHUTTLE SOLID ROCKET
BOOSTERS
TheȱtwoȱSRBsȱprovideȱtheȱmainȱthrustȱtoȱliftȱtheȱ
spaceȱ shuttleȱ offȱ theȱ padȱ andȱ upȱ toȱ anȱ altitudeȱ
ofȱ aboutȱ 150,000ȱ feet,ȱ orȱ 24ȱ nauticalȱ milesȱ
(28ȱstatuteȱ miles).ȱ Inȱ addition,ȱ theȱ twoȱ SRBsȱ
carryȱtheȱentireȱweightȱofȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱandȱ
orbiterȱ andȱ transmitȱ theȱ weightȱ loadȱ throughȱ
theirȱstructureȱtoȱtheȱmobileȱlauncherȱplatform.ȱ
Eachȱ boosterȱ hasȱ aȱ thrustȱ (seaȱ level)ȱ ofȱ aboutȱ
3,300,000ȱ poundsȱ atȱ launch.ȱ Theyȱ areȱ ignitedȱ
afterȱ theȱ threeȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ mainȱ enginesȇȱ
thrustȱ levelȱ isȱ verified.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ SRBsȱ provideȱ
71.4ȱ percentȱ ofȱ theȱ thrustȱ atȱ liftoffȱ andȱ duringȱ
firstȬstageȱ ascent.ȱ SeventyȬfiveȱ secondsȱ afterȱ
SRBȱ separation,ȱ SRBȱ apogeeȱ occursȱ atȱ anȱ altiȬ
tudeȱ ofȱ aboutȱ 220,000ȱ feet,ȱ orȱ 35ȱ nauticalȱ milesȱ
(40ȱ statuteȱ miles).ȱ SRBȱ impactȱ occursȱ inȱ theȱ
oceanȱ aboutȱ 122ȱ nauticalȱ milesȱ (140ȱ statuteȱ
miles)ȱdownrange.ȱ
Theȱ SRBsȱ areȱ theȱ largestȱ solidȬpropellantȱ moȬ
torsȱeverȱflownȱandȱtheȱfirstȱdesignedȱforȱreuse.ȱ
Eachȱisȱ149.16ȱfeetȱlongȱandȱ12.17ȱfeetȱinȱdiameȬ
ter.ȱEachȱSRBȱweighsȱaboutȱ1,300,000ȱpoundsȱatȱ
launch.ȱTheȱpropellantȱforȱeachȱsolidȱrocketȱmoȬ
torȱ weighsȱ aboutȱ 1,100,000ȱ pounds.ȱ Theȱ inertȱ
weightȱofȱeachȱSRBȱisȱaboutȱ192,000ȱpounds.ȱ
Primaryȱelementsȱofȱeachȱboosterȱareȱtheȱmotorȱ
(includingȱcase,ȱpropellant,ȱigniterȱandȱnozzle),ȱ
structure,ȱseparationȱsystems,ȱoperationalȱflightȱ
instrumentation,ȱ recoveryȱ avionics,ȱ pyrotechȬ
nics,ȱ decelerationȱ system,ȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ
systemȱandȱrangeȱsafetyȱdestructȱsystem.ȱ
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Eachȱboosterȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱatȱ
theȱ SRB’sȱ aftȱ frameȱ byȱ twoȱ lateralȱ swayȱ bracesȱ
andȱaȱdiagonalȱattachment.ȱTheȱforwardȱendȱofȱ
eachȱSRBȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱtankȱatȱtheȱ
forwardȱendȱofȱtheȱSRB’sȱforwardȱskirt.ȱOnȱtheȱ
launchȱpad,ȱeachȱboosterȱalsoȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱ
mobileȱlauncherȱplatformȱatȱtheȱaftȱskirtȱbyȱfourȱ
boltsȱandȱnutsȱthatȱareȱseveredȱbyȱsmallȱexploȬ
sivesȱatȱliftoff.ȱ
DuringȱtheȱdowntimeȱfollowingȱtheȱChallengerȱ
accident,ȱdetailedȱstructuralȱanalysesȱwereȱperȬ
formedȱ onȱ criticalȱ structuralȱ elementsȱ ofȱ theȱ
SRB.ȱ Analysesȱ wereȱ primarilyȱ focusedȱ inȱ areasȱ
whereȱ anomaliesȱ hadȱ beenȱ notedȱ duringȱ postȬ
flightȱinspectionȱofȱrecoveredȱhardware.ȱ
Oneȱofȱtheȱareasȱwasȱtheȱattachȱringȱwhereȱtheȱ
SRBsȱ areȱ connectedȱ toȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Areasȱ
ofȱ distressȱ wereȱ notedȱ inȱ someȱ ofȱ theȱ fastenersȱ
whereȱ theȱ ringȱ attachesȱtoȱ theȱ SRBȱ motorȱ case.ȱ
Thisȱ situationȱ wasȱ attributedȱ toȱ theȱ highȱ loadsȱ
encounteredȱduringȱwaterȱimpact.ȱToȱcorrectȱtheȱ
situationȱ andȱ ensureȱ higherȱ strengthȱ marginsȱ
duringȱascent,ȱtheȱattachȱringȱwasȱredesignedȱtoȱ
encircleȱtheȱmotorȱcaseȱcompletelyȱ(360ȱdegrees).ȱ
Previously,ȱ theȱ attachȱ ringȱ formedȱ aȱ Cȱ andȱ enȬ
circledȱtheȱmotorȱcaseȱ270ȱdegrees.ȱ
Additionally,ȱspecialȱstructuralȱtestsȱwereȱdoneȱ
onȱ theȱ aftȱ skirt.ȱ Duringȱ thisȱ testȱ program,ȱ anȱ
anomalyȱoccurredȱinȱaȱcriticalȱweldȱbetweenȱtheȱ
holdȬdownȱ postȱ andȱ skinȱ ofȱ theȱ skirt.ȱ Aȱ redesȬ
ignȱ wasȱ implementedȱ toȱ addȱ reinforcementȱ
bracketsȱandȱfittingsȱinȱtheȱaftȱringȱofȱtheȱskirt.ȱ
Theseȱ twoȱ modificationsȱ addedȱ aboutȱ
450ȱpoundsȱtoȱtheȱweightȱofȱeachȱSRB.ȱ
TheȱpropellantȱmixtureȱinȱeachȱSRBȱmotorȱconȬ
sistsȱ ofȱ anȱ ammoniumȱ perchlorateȱ (oxidizer,ȱ
69.6ȱ percentȱ byȱ weight),ȱ aluminumȱ (fuel,ȱ
16ȱpercent),ȱironȱoxideȱ(aȱcatalyst,ȱ0.4ȱpercent),ȱaȱ
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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA
polymerȱ (aȱ binderȱ thatȱ holdsȱ theȱ mixtureȱ toȬ
gether,ȱ 12.04ȱ percent),ȱ andȱ anȱ epoxyȱ curingȱ
agentȱ (1.96ȱ percent).ȱ Theȱ propellantȱ isȱ anȱ
11ȬpointȱstarȬshapedȱperforationȱinȱtheȱforwardȱ
motorȱ segmentȱ andȱ aȱ doubleȬtruncatedȬconeȱ
perforationȱ inȱ eachȱ ofȱ theȱ aftȱ segmentsȱ andȱ aftȱ
closure.ȱThisȱconfigurationȱprovidesȱhighȱthrustȱ
atȱignitionȱandȱthenȱreducesȱtheȱthrustȱbyȱaboutȱ
aȱ thirdȱ 50ȱ secondsȱ afterȱ liftoffȱ toȱ preventȱ overȬ
stressingȱtheȱvehicleȱduringȱmaximumȱdynamicȱ
pressure.ȱ
TheȱSRBsȱareȱusedȱasȱmatchedȱpairsȱandȱeachȱisȱ
madeȱ upȱ ofȱ fourȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ segments.ȱ
Theȱ pairsȱ areȱ matchedȱ byȱ loadingȱ eachȱ ofȱ theȱ
fourȱ motorȱ segmentsȱ inȱ pairsȱ fromȱ theȱ sameȱ
batchesȱ ofȱ propellantȱ ingredientsȱ toȱ minimizeȱ
anyȱ thrustȱ imbalance.ȱ Theȱ segmentedȬcasingȱ
designȱ assuresȱ maximumȱ flexibilityȱ inȱ fabricaȬ
tionȱ andȱ easeȱ ofȱ transportationȱ andȱ handling.ȱ
Eachȱsegmentȱisȱshippedȱtoȱtheȱlaunchȱsiteȱonȱaȱ
heavyȬdutyȱrailȱcarȱwithȱaȱspeciallyȱbuiltȱcover.ȱ
Theȱ nozzleȱ expansionȱ ratioȱ ofȱ eachȱ boosterȱ beȬ
ginningȱ withȱ theȱ STSȬ8ȱ missionȱ isȱ 7ȬtoȬ79.ȱ Theȱ
nozzleȱ isȱ gimbaledȱ forȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ (direction)ȱ
control.ȱEachȱSRBȱhasȱitsȱownȱredundantȱauxilȬ
iaryȱpowerȱunitsȱandȱhydraulicȱpumps.ȱTheȱallȬ
axisȱ gimbalingȱ capabilityȱ isȱ 8ȱdegrees.ȱ Eachȱ
nozzleȱhasȱaȱcarbonȱclothȱlinerȱthatȱerodesȱandȱ
charsȱduringȱfiring.ȱTheȱnozzleȱisȱaȱconvergentȬ
divergent,ȱ movableȱ designȱ inȱ whichȱ anȱ aftȱ
pivotȬpointȱ flexibleȱ bearingȱ isȱ theȱ gimbalȱ
mechanism.ȱ
Theȱ coneȬshapedȱ aftȱ skirtȱ reactsȱ theȱ aftȱ loadsȱ
betweenȱtheȱSRBȱandȱtheȱmobileȱlauncherȱplatȬ
form.ȱ Theȱ fourȱ aftȱ separationȱ motorsȱ areȱ
mountedȱ onȱ theȱ skirt.ȱ Theȱ aftȱ sectionȱ containsȱ
avionics,ȱ aȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ systemȱ thatȱ
consistsȱ ofȱ twoȱ auxiliaryȱ powerȱ unitsȱ andȱ hyȬ
draulicȱpumps,ȱhydraulicȱsystemsȱandȱaȱnozzleȱ
extensionȱjettisonȱsystem.ȱ
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Theȱ forwardȱ sectionȱ ofȱ eachȱ boosterȱ containsȱ
avionics,ȱ aȱ sequencer,ȱ forwardȱ separationȱ moȬ
tors,ȱaȱnoseȱconeȱseparationȱsystem,ȱdrogueȱandȱ
mainȱparachutes,ȱaȱrecoveryȱbeacon,ȱaȱrecoveryȱ
light,ȱ aȱ parachuteȱ cameraȱ onȱ selectedȱ flightsȱ
andȱaȱrangeȱsafetyȱsystem.ȱ
Eachȱ SRBȱ hasȱ twoȱ integratedȱ electronicȱ assemȬ
blies,ȱ oneȱ forwardȱ andȱ oneȱ aft.ȱ Afterȱ burnout,ȱ
theȱforwardȱassemblyȱinitiatesȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱtheȱ
noseȱ capȱ andȱ frustum,ȱ aȱ transitionȱ pieceȱ beȬ
tweenȱ theȱ noseȱ coneȱ andȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motor,ȱ
andȱ turnsȱ onȱ theȱ recoveryȱ aids.ȱ Theȱ aftȱ assemȬ
bly,ȱ mountedȱ inȱ theȱ externalȱ tank/SRBȱ attachȱ
ring,ȱ connectsȱ withȱ theȱ forwardȱ assemblyȱ andȱ
theȱ orbiterȱ avionicsȱ systemsȱ forȱ SRBȱ ignitionȱ
commandsȱ andȱ nozzleȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ control.ȱ
Eachȱ integratedȱelectronicȱassemblyȱhasȱaȱmulȬ
tiplexer/demultiplexer,ȱwhichȱsendsȱorȱreceivesȱ
moreȱthanȱoneȱmessage,ȱsignalȱorȱunitȱofȱinforȬ
mationȱonȱaȱsingleȱcommunicationȱchannel.ȱ
Eightȱ boosterȱ separationȱ motorsȱ (fourȱ inȱ theȱ
noseȱ frustumȱ andȱ fourȱ inȱ theȱ aftȱ skirt)ȱ ofȱ eachȱ
SRBȱ thrustȱ forȱ 1.02ȱ secondsȱ atȱ SRBȱ separationȱ
fromȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Eachȱ solidȱ rocketȱ sepaȬ
rationȱmotorȱisȱ31.1ȱinchesȱlongȱandȱ12.8ȱinchesȱ
inȱdiameter.ȱ
Locationȱ aidsȱ areȱ providedȱ forȱ eachȱ SRB,ȱ frusȬ
tum/drogueȱchutesȱandȱmainȱparachutes.ȱTheseȱ
includeȱ aȱ transmitter,ȱ antenna,ȱ
strobe/converter,ȱ batteryȱ andȱ saltȬwaterȱ switchȱ
electronics.ȱTheȱlocationȱaidsȱareȱdesignedȱforȱaȱ
minimumȱ operatingȱ lifeȱ ofȱ 72ȱ hoursȱ andȱ whenȱ
refurbishedȱ areȱ consideredȱ usableȱ upȱ toȱ
20ȱtimes.ȱ Theȱ flashingȱ lightȱ isȱ anȱ exception.ȱ Itȱ
hasȱanȱoperatingȱlifeȱofȱ280ȱhours.ȱTheȱbatteryȱisȱ
usedȱonlyȱonce.ȱ
Theȱ SRBȱ noseȱ capsȱ andȱ nozzleȱ extensionsȱ areȱ
notȱrecovered.ȱ
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Theȱ recoveryȱ crewȱ retrievesȱ theȱ SRBs,ȱ frusȬ
tum/drogueȱ chutes,ȱ andȱ mainȱ parachutes.ȱ Theȱ
nozzlesȱareȱplugged,ȱtheȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorsȱareȱ
dewatered,ȱandȱtheȱSRBsȱareȱtowedȱbackȱtoȱtheȱ
launchȱ site.ȱ Eachȱ boosterȱ isȱ removedȱ fromȱ theȱ
water,ȱ andȱ itsȱ componentsȱ areȱ disassembledȱ
andȱwashedȱwithȱfreshȱandȱdeionizedȱwaterȱtoȱ
limitȱsaltȬwaterȱcorrosion.ȱTheȱmotorȱsegments,ȱ
igniterȱ andȱ nozzleȱ areȱ shippedȱ backȱ toȱ ATKȱ
Thiokolȱforȱrefurbishment.ȱ
Eachȱ SRBȱ incorporatesȱ aȱ rangeȱ safetyȱ systemȱ
thatȱ includesȱ aȱ batteryȱ powerȱ source,ȱ reȬ
ceiver/decoder,ȱantennasȱandȱordnance.ȱ
Hold-Down Posts
Eachȱ solidȱ rocketȱ boosterȱ hasȱ fourȱ holdȬdownȱ
postsȱ thatȱ fitȱ intoȱ correspondingȱ supportȱ postsȱ
onȱ theȱ mobileȱ launcherȱ platform.ȱ HoldȬdownȱ
boltsȱholdȱtheȱSRBȱandȱlauncherȱplatformȱpostsȱ
together.ȱ Eachȱ boltȱ hasȱ aȱ nutȱ atȱ eachȱ end,ȱ butȱ
onlyȱ theȱ topȱ nutȱ isȱ frangible.ȱ Theȱ topȱ nutȱ conȬ
tainsȱ twoȱ NASAȱ standardȱ detonatorsȱ (NSDs),ȱ
whichȱareȱignitedȱatȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱignitionȱ
commands.ȱ
Whenȱ theȱ twoȱ NSDsȱ areȱ ignitedȱ atȱ eachȱ holdȬ
down,ȱ theȱ holdȬdownȱ boltȱ travelsȱ downwardȱ
becauseȱofȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱtensionȱinȱtheȱboltȱ(preȬ
tensionedȱ beforeȱ launch),ȱ NSDȱ gasȱ pressureȱ
andȱgravity.ȱTheȱboltȱisȱstoppedȱbyȱtheȱstudȱdeȬ
celerationȱstand,ȱwhichȱcontainsȱsand.ȱTheȱSRBȱ
boltȱ isȱ 28ȱ inchesȱ longȱ andȱ 3.5ȱinchesȱ inȱ diameȬ
ter.ȱTheȱfrangibleȱnutȱisȱcapturedȱinȱaȱblastȱconȬ
tainer.ȱ
Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ ignitionȱ commandsȱ areȱ
issuedȱ byȱ theȱ orbiter’sȱ computersȱ throughȱ theȱ
masterȱeventsȱcontrollersȱtoȱtheȱholdȬdownȱpyȬ
rotechnicȱ initiatorȱ controllersȱ onȱ theȱ mobileȱ
launcherȱplatform.ȱTheyȱprovideȱtheȱignitionȱtoȱ
theȱ holdȬdownȱ NSDs.ȱ Theȱ launchȱ processingȱ
systemȱ monitorsȱ theȱ SRBȱ holdȬdownȱ PICsȱ forȱ
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ȱ
lowȱ voltageȱ duringȱ theȱ lastȱ 16ȱ secondsȱ beforeȱ
launch.ȱ PICȱ lowȱ voltageȱ willȱ initiateȱ aȱ launchȱ
hold.ȱ
SRB Ignition
SRBȱ ignitionȱ canȱ occurȱ onlyȱ whenȱ aȱ manualȱ
lockȱpinȱfromȱeachȱSRBȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱhasȱ
beenȱ removed.ȱ Theȱ groundȱ crewȱ removesȱ theȱ
pinȱduringȱprelaunchȱactivities.ȱAtȱTȱminusȱfiveȱ
minutes,ȱtheȱSRBȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱisȱrotatedȱ
toȱtheȱarmȱposition.ȱTheȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱigniȬ
tionȱ commandsȱ areȱ issuedȱ whenȱ theȱ threeȱ
SSMEsȱ areȱ atȱ orȱ aboveȱ 90ȱ percentȱ ratedȱ thrust,ȱ
noȱSSMEȱfailȱand/orȱSRBȱignitionȱPICȱlowȱvoltȬ
ageȱisȱindicatedȱandȱthereȱareȱnoȱholdsȱfromȱtheȱ
LPS.ȱ
Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ ignitionȱ commandsȱ areȱ
sentȱ byȱ theȱ orbiterȱ computersȱ throughȱ theȱ
MECsȱtoȱtheȱsafeȱandȱarmȱdeviceȱNSDsȱinȱeachȱ
SRB.ȱ Aȱ PICȱ singleȬchannelȱ capacitorȱ dischargeȱ
deviceȱ controlsȱ theȱ firingȱ ofȱ eachȱ pyrotechnicȱ
device.ȱ Threeȱ signalsȱ mustȱ beȱ presentȱ simultaȬ
neouslyȱ forȱ theȱ PICȱ toȱ generateȱ theȱ pyroȱ firingȱ
output.ȱTheseȱsignalsȱ—ȱarm,ȱfireȱ1ȱandȱfireȱ2ȱ—ȱ
originateȱ inȱ theȱ orbiterȱ generalȬpurposeȱ comȬ
putersȱ andȱ areȱ transmittedȱ toȱ theȱ MECs.ȱ Theȱ
MECsȱ reformatȱ themȱ toȱ 28Ȭvoltȱ dcȱ signalsȱ forȱ
theȱ PICs.ȱ Theȱ armȱ signalȱ chargesȱ theȱ PICȱ caȬ
pacitorȱtoȱ40ȱvoltsȱdcȱ(minimumȱofȱ20ȱvoltsȱdc).ȱ
Theȱ fireȱ 2ȱ commandsȱ causeȱ theȱ redundantȱ
NSDsȱtoȱfireȱthroughȱaȱthinȱbarrierȱsealȱdownȱaȱ
flameȱ tunnel.ȱ Thisȱ ignitesȱ aȱ pyroȱ boosterȱ
charge,ȱ whichȱ isȱ retainedȱ inȱ theȱ safeȱ andȱ armȱ
deviceȱ behindȱ aȱ perforatedȱ plate.ȱ Theȱ boosterȱ
chargeȱ ignitesȱ theȱ propellantȱ inȱ theȱ igniterȱ iniȬ
tiator;ȱandȱcombustionȱproductsȱofȱthisȱpropelȬ
lantȱ igniteȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ initiator,ȱ
whichȱfiresȱdownȱtheȱlengthȱofȱtheȱsolidȱrocketȱ
motorȱ ignitingȱ theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ motorȱ propelȬ
lant.ȱ
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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA
Theȱ GPCȱ launchȱ sequenceȱ alsoȱ controlsȱ certainȱ
criticalȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ systemȱ valvesȱ andȱ
monitorsȱtheȱengineȬreadyȱindicationsȱfromȱtheȱ
SSMEs.ȱTheȱMPSȱstartȱcommandsȱareȱissuedȱbyȱ
theȱonȬboardȱcomputersȱatȱTȱminusȱ6.6ȱsecondsȱ
(staggeredȱ startȱ —ȱ engineȱ three,ȱ engineȱ two,ȱ
engineȱoneȱ—ȱallȱaboutȱwithinȱ0.25ȱofȱaȱsecond),ȱ
andȱ theȱ sequenceȱ monitorsȱ theȱ thrustȱ buildupȱ
ofȱeachȱengine.ȱAllȱthreeȱSSMEsȱmustȱreachȱtheȱ
requiredȱ90ȱpercentȱthrustȱwithinȱthreeȱseconds;ȱ
otherwise,ȱanȱorderlyȱshutdownȱisȱcommandedȱ
andȱsafingȱfunctionsȱareȱinitiated.ȱ
Normalȱ thrustȱ buildupȱ toȱ theȱ requiredȱ 90ȱ perȬ
centȱthrustȱlevelȱwillȱresultȱinȱtheȱSSMEsȱbeingȱ
commandedȱ toȱ theȱ liftoffȱ positionȱ atȱ Tȱminusȱ
threeȱsecondsȱasȱwellȱasȱtheȱfireȱ1ȱcommandȱbeȬ
ingȱ issuedȱ toȱ armȱ theȱ SRBs.ȱ Atȱ Tȱminusȱ threeȱ
seconds,ȱ theȱ vehicleȱ baseȱ bendingȱ loadȱ modesȱ
areȱ allowedȱ toȱ initializeȱ (movementȱ ofȱ
25.5ȱinchesȱ measuredȱ atȱ theȱ tipȱ ofȱ theȱ externalȱ
tank,ȱ withȱ movementȱ towardsȱ theȱ externalȱ
tank).ȱ
Atȱ Tȱ minusȱ zero,ȱ theȱ twoȱ SRBsȱ areȱ ignitedȱ unȬ
derȱ commandȱ ofȱ theȱ fourȱ onȬboardȱ computers;ȱ
separationȱ ofȱ theȱ fourȱ explosiveȱ boltsȱ onȱ eachȱ
SRBȱisȱinitiatedȱ(eachȱboltȱisȱ28ȱinchesȱlongȱandȱ
3.5ȱ inchesȱ inȱ diameter);ȱ theȱ twoȱ TȬ0ȱ umbilicalsȱ
(oneȱ onȱ eachȱ sideȱ ofȱ theȱ spacecraft)ȱ areȱ reȬ
tracted;ȱtheȱonȬboardȱmasterȱtimingȱunit,ȱeventȱ
timerȱ andȱmissionȱ eventȱ timersȱ areȱ started;ȱ theȱ
threeȱSSMEsȱareȱatȱ100ȱpercent;ȱandȱtheȱgroundȱ
launchȱsequenceȱisȱterminated.ȱ
Theȱsolidȱrocketȱmotorȱthrustȱprofileȱisȱtailoredȱ
toȱreduceȱthrustȱduringȱtheȱmaximumȱdynamicȱ
pressureȱregion.ȱ
Electrical Power Distribution
Electricalȱ powerȱ distributionȱ inȱ eachȱ SRBȱ conȬ
sistsȱ ofȱ orbiterȬsuppliedȱ mainȱ dcȱ busȱ powerȱ toȱ
eachȱ SRBȱ viaȱ SRBȱ busesȱ A,ȱ Bȱ andȱ C.ȱ Orbiterȱ
85
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ȱ
mainȱdcȱbusesȱ A,ȱ BȱandȱCȱsupplyȱ mainȱ dcȱ busȱ
powerȱtoȱcorrespondingȱSRBȱbusesȱA,ȱBȱandȱC.ȱ
Inȱ addition,ȱ orbiterȱ mainȱ dcȱ busȱ Cȱ suppliesȱ
backupȱ powerȱ toȱ SRBȱ busesȱ Aȱ andȱ B,ȱ andȱ orȬ
biterȱ busȱ Bȱ suppliesȱ backupȱ powerȱ toȱ SRBȱ busȱ
C.ȱ Thisȱ electricalȱ powerȱ distributionȱ arrangeȬ
mentȱ allowsȱ allȱ SRBȱ busesȱ toȱ remainȱ poweredȱ
inȱtheȱeventȱoneȱorbiterȱmainȱbusȱfails.ȱ
Theȱ nominalȱ dcȱ voltageȱ isȱ 28ȱ voltsȱ dc,ȱ withȱ anȱ
upperȱ limitȱ ofȱ 32ȱ voltsȱ dcȱ andȱ aȱ lowerȱ limitȱ ofȱ
24ȱvoltsȱdc.ȱ
Hydraulic Power Units
Thereȱ areȱ twoȱ selfȬcontained,ȱ independentȱ
HPUsȱ onȱ eachȱ SRB.ȱ Eachȱ HPUȱ consistsȱ ofȱ anȱ
auxiliaryȱ powerȱ unit,ȱ fuelȱ supplyȱ module,ȱ hyȬ
draulicȱpump,ȱhydraulicȱreservoirȱandȱhydrauȬ
licȱ fluidȱ manifoldȱ assembly.ȱ Theȱ APUsȱ areȱ fuȬ
eledȱ byȱ hydrazineȱ andȱ generateȱ mechanicalȱ
shaftȱpowerȱtoȱaȱhydraulicȱpumpȱthatȱproducesȱ
hydraulicȱ pressureȱ forȱ theȱ SRBȱ hydraulicȱ sysȬ
tem.ȱTheȱtwoȱseparateȱHPUsȱandȱtwoȱhydraulicȱ
systemsȱareȱlocatedȱ onȱ theȱaftȱ endȱofȱeachȱSRBȱ
betweenȱtheȱSRBȱnozzleȱandȱaftȱskirt.ȱTheȱHPUȱ
componentsȱ areȱ mountedȱ onȱ theȱ aftȱ skirtȱ beȬ
tweenȱ theȱ rockȱ andȱ tiltȱ actuators.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ sysȬ
temsȱ operateȱ fromȱ Tȱ minusȱ 28ȱsecondsȱ untilȱ
SRBȱ separationȱ fromȱ theȱ orbiterȱ andȱ externalȱ
tank.ȱ Theȱ twoȱ independentȱ hydraulicȱ systemsȱ
areȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱrockȱandȱtiltȱservoactuators.ȱ
Theȱ APUȱ controllerȱ electronicsȱ areȱ locatedȱ inȱ
theȱ SRBȱ aftȱ integratedȱ electronicȱ assembliesȱ onȱ
theȱaftȱexternalȱtankȱattachȱrings.ȱ
Theȱ APUsȱ andȱ theirȱ fuelȱ systemsȱ areȱ isolatedȱ
fromȱ eachȱ other.ȱ Eachȱ fuelȱ supplyȱ moduleȱ
(tank)ȱ containsȱ 22ȱ poundsȱ ofȱ hydrazine.ȱ Theȱ
fuelȱ tankȱ isȱ pressurizedȱ withȱ gaseousȱ nitrogenȱ
atȱ 400ȱ psi,ȱ whichȱ providesȱ theȱ forceȱ toȱ expelȱ
(positiveȱ expulsion)ȱ theȱ fuelȱ fromȱ theȱ tankȱ toȱ
theȱfuelȱdistributionȱline,ȱmaintainingȱaȱpositiveȱ
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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA
fuelȱ supplyȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ throughoutȱ itsȱ operaȬ
tion.ȱ
Theȱ fuelȱ isolationȱ valveȱ isȱ openedȱ atȱ APUȱ
startupȱ toȱ allowȱ fuelȱ toȱ flowȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ fuelȱ
pumpȱ andȱ controlȱ valvesȱ andȱ thenȱ toȱ theȱ gasȱ
generator.ȱ Theȱ gasȱ generatorȇsȱ catalyticȱ actionȱ
decomposesȱ theȱ fuelȱ andȱ createsȱ aȱ hotȱ gas.ȱ Itȱ
feedsȱ theȱ hotȱ gasȱ exhaustȱ productȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ
twoȬstageȱ gasȱ turbine.ȱ Fuelȱ flowsȱ primarilyȱ
throughȱ theȱ startupȱ bypassȱ lineȱ untilȱ theȱ APUȱ
speedȱisȱsuchȱthatȱtheȱfuelȱpumpȱoutletȱpressureȱ
isȱ greaterȱ thanȱ theȱ bypassȱ lineȇs.ȱ Thenȱ allȱ theȱ
fuelȱisȱsuppliedȱtoȱtheȱfuelȱpump.ȱ
Theȱ APUȱ turbineȱ assemblyȱ providesȱ mechaniȬ
calȱ powerȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ gearbox.ȱ Theȱ gearboxȱ
drivesȱ theȱ APUȱ fuelȱ pump,ȱ hydraulicȱ pumpȱ
andȱlubeȱoilȱpump.ȱTheȱAPUȱlubeȱoilȱpumpȱluȬ
bricatesȱ theȱ gearbox.ȱ Theȱ turbineȱ exhaustȱ ofȱ
eachȱ APUȱ flowsȱ overȱ theȱ exteriorȱ ofȱ theȱ gasȱ
generator,ȱcoolingȱit,ȱandȱisȱthenȱdirectedȱoverȬ
boardȱthroughȱanȱexhaustȱduct.ȱ
Whenȱ theȱ APUȱ speedȱ reachesȱ 100ȱ percent,ȱ theȱ
APUȱprimaryȱcontrolȱvalveȱcloses,ȱandȱtheȱAPUȱ
speedȱ isȱ controlledȱ byȱ theȱ APUȱ controllerȱ elecȬ
tronics.ȱ Ifȱ theȱ primaryȱ controlȱ valveȱ logicȱ failsȱ
toȱ theȱ openȱ state,ȱ theȱ secondaryȱ controlȱ valveȱ
assumesȱ controlȱ ofȱ theȱ APUȱ atȱ 112ȱ percentȱ
speed.ȱ Eachȱ HPUȱ onȱ anȱ SRBȱ isȱ connectedȱ toȱ
bothȱ servoactuatorsȱ onȱ thatȱ SRB.ȱ Oneȱ HPUȱ
servesȱ asȱ theȱ primaryȱ hydraulicȱ sourceȱ forȱ theȱ
servoactuator,ȱandȱtheȱotherȱHPUȱservesȱasȱtheȱ
secondaryȱ hydraulicsȱ forȱ theȱ servoactuator.ȱ
Eachȱ servoactuatorȱ hasȱ aȱ switchingȱ valveȱ thatȱ
allowsȱ theȱ secondaryȱ hydraulicsȱ toȱ powerȱ theȱ
actuatorȱ ifȱ theȱ primaryȱ hydraulicȱ pressureȱ
dropsȱ belowȱ 2,050ȱ psi.ȱ Aȱ switchȱ contactȱ onȱ theȱ
switchingȱ valveȱ willȱ closeȱ whenȱ theȱ valveȱ isȱinȱ
theȱ secondaryȱ position.ȱ Whenȱ theȱ valveȱ isȱ
closed,ȱ aȱ signalȱ isȱ sentȱ toȱ theȱ APUȱ controllerȱ
thatȱinhibitsȱtheȱ100ȱpercentȱAPUȱspeedȱcontrolȱ
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ȱ
logicȱ andȱ enablesȱ theȱ 112ȱ percentȱ APUȱ speedȱ positionsȱ anȱ actuatorȱ ramȱ andȱ theȱ nozzleȱ toȱ
controlȱ logic.ȱ Theȱ 100ȱ percentȱ APUȱ speedȱ enȬ controlȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱthrust.ȱ
ablesȱ oneȱ APU/HPUȱ toȱ supplyȱ sufficientȱ operȬ
Theȱfourȱservovalvesȱinȱeachȱactuatorȱprovideȱaȱ
atingȱhydraulicȱpressureȱtoȱbothȱservoactuatorsȱ
forceȬsummedȱ majorityȱ votingȱ arrangementȱ toȱ
ofȱthatȱSRB.ȱ
positionȱ theȱ powerȱ spool.ȱ Withȱ fourȱ identicalȱ
Theȱ APUȱ 100ȱ percentȱ speedȱ correspondsȱ toȱ commandsȱ toȱ theȱ fourȱ servovalves,ȱ theȱ actuatorȱ
72,000ȱ rpm,ȱ 110ȱ percentȱ toȱ 79,200ȱ rpm,ȱ andȱ forceȬsumȱ actionȱ preventsȱ aȱ singleȱ erroneousȱ
112ȱpercentȱtoȱ80,640ȱrpm.ȱ commandȱ fromȱ affectingȱ powerȱ ramȱ motion.ȱ Ifȱ
theȱerroneousȱcommandȱpersistsȱforȱmoreȱthanȱaȱ
Theȱ hydraulicȱ pumpȱ speedȱ isȱ 3,600ȱ rpmȱ andȱ
predeterminedȱ time,ȱ differentialȱ pressureȱ sensȬ
suppliesȱ hydraulicȱ pressureȱ ofȱ 3,050,ȱ plusȱ orȱ
ingȱ activatesȱ aȱ selectorȱ valveȱ toȱ isolateȱ andȱ reȬ
minusȱ50,ȱpsi.ȱAȱhighȬpressureȱreliefȱvalveȱproȬ
moveȱ theȱ defectiveȱ servovalveȱ hydraulicȱ presȬ
videsȱ overpressureȱ protectionȱ toȱ theȱ hydraulicȱ
sure,ȱpermittingȱtheȱremainingȱchannelsȱandȱserȬ
systemȱandȱrelievesȱatȱ3,750ȱpsi.ȱ
vovalvesȱtoȱcontrolȱtheȱactuatorȱramȱspool.ȱ
TheȱAPUs/HPUsȱandȱhydraulicȱsystemsȱareȱreȬ
Failureȱ monitorsȱ areȱ providedȱ forȱ eachȱ channelȱ
usableȱforȱ20ȱmissions.ȱ
toȱindicateȱwhichȱchannelȱhasȱbeenȱbypassed.ȱAnȱ
Thrust Vector Control isolationȱvalveȱonȱeachȱchannelȱprovidesȱtheȱcaȬ
pabilityȱofȱresettingȱaȱfailedȱorȱbypassedȱchannel.ȱ
EachȱSRBȱhasȱtwoȱhydraulicȱgimbalȱservoactuaȬ
tors:ȱoneȱforȱrockȱandȱoneȱforȱtilt.ȱTheȱservoacȬ Eachȱactuatorȱramȱisȱequippedȱwithȱtransducersȱ
tuatorsȱprovideȱtheȱforceȱandȱcontrolȱtoȱgimbalȱ forȱ positionȱ feedbackȱ toȱ theȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ conȬ
theȱnozzleȱforȱthrustȱvectorȱcontrol.ȱ trolȱsystem.ȱWithinȱeachȱservoactuatorȱramȱisȱaȱ
splashdownȱloadȱreliefȱassemblyȱtoȱcushionȱtheȱ
Theȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ ascentȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ nozzleȱ atȱ waterȱ splashdownȱ andȱ preventȱ damȬ
portionȱ ofȱ theȱ flightȱ controlȱ systemȱ directsȱ theȱ ageȱtoȱtheȱnozzleȱflexibleȱbearing.ȱ
thrustȱofȱtheȱthreeȱshuttleȱmainȱenginesȱandȱtheȱ
twoȱSRBȱnozzlesȱtoȱcontrolȱshuttleȱattitudeȱandȱ SRB Rate Gyro Assemblies
trajectoryȱduringȱ liftoffȱ andȱ ascent.ȱCommandsȱ
Eachȱ SRBȱ containsȱ twoȱ RGAs,ȱ withȱ eachȱ RGAȱ
fromȱtheȱguidanceȱsystemȱareȱtransmittedȱtoȱtheȱ
containingȱ oneȱ pitchȱ andȱ oneȱ yawȱ gyro.ȱ Theseȱ
ATVCȱ drivers,ȱ whichȱ transmitȱ signalsȱ proporȬ
provideȱanȱoutputȱproportionalȱtoȱangularȱratesȱ
tionalȱtoȱtheȱcommandsȱtoȱeachȱservoactuatorȱofȱ
aboutȱtheȱpitchȱandȱyawȱaxesȱtoȱtheȱorbiterȱcomȬ
theȱ mainȱ enginesȱ andȱ SRBs.ȱ Fourȱ independentȱ
putersȱandȱguidance,ȱnavigationȱandȱcontrolȱsysȬ
flightȱ controlȱ systemȱ channelsȱ andȱ fourȱ ATVCȱ
temȱ duringȱ firstȬstageȱ ascentȱ flightȱ inȱ conjuncȬ
channelsȱcontrolȱ sixȱ mainȱengineȱandȱfourȱ SRBȱ
tionȱ withȱ theȱ orbiterȱ rollȱ rateȱ gyrosȱ untilȱ SRBȱ
ATVCȱdrivers,ȱwithȱeachȱdriverȱcontrollingȱoneȱ
separation.ȱ Atȱ SRBȱ separation,ȱ aȱ switchoverȱ isȱ
hydraulicȱ portȱ onȱ eachȱ mainȱ andȱ SRBȱ servoacȬ
madeȱfromȱtheȱSRBȱRGAsȱtoȱtheȱorbiterȱRGAs.ȱ
tuator.ȱ
Theȱ SRBȱ RGAȱ ratesȱ passȱ throughȱ theȱ orbiterȱ
Eachȱ SRBȱ servoactuatorȱ consistsȱ ofȱ fourȱ indeȬ
flightȱaftȱmultiplexers/demultiplexersȱtoȱtheȱorȬ
pendent,ȱ twoȬstageȱ servovalvesȱ thatȱ receiveȱ
biterȱGPCs.ȱTheȱRGAȱratesȱareȱthenȱmidȬvalueȬȱ
signalsȱ fromȱ theȱ drivers.ȱ Eachȱ servovalveȱ conȬ
selectedȱinȱredundancyȱmanagementȱtoȱprovideȱ
trolsȱ oneȱ powerȱ spoolȱ inȱ eachȱ actuator,ȱ whichȱ

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SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA 87
 ȱ
ȱ
SRBȱ pitchȱ andȱ yawȱ ratesȱ toȱ theȱ userȱ software.ȱ SRBsȱ fromȱ theȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ solidȱ rocketȱ
TheȱRGAsȱareȱdesignedȱforȱ20ȱmissions.ȱ motorsȱinȱeachȱclusterȱofȱfourȱareȱignitedȱbyȱfirȬ
ingȱ redundantȱ NSDȱ pressureȱ cartridgesȱ intoȱ
SRB Separation redundantȱconfinedȱdetonatingȱfuseȱmanifolds.ȱ
SRBȱseparationȱisȱinitiatedȱwhenȱtheȱthreeȱsolidȱ
Theȱ separationȱ commandsȱ issuedȱ fromȱ theȱ orȬ
rocketȱmotorȱchamberȱpressureȱtransducersȱareȱ
biterȱbyȱtheȱSRBȱseparationȱsequenceȱinitiateȱtheȱ
processedȱ inȱ theȱ redundancyȱ managementȱ
redundantȱNSDȱpressureȱcartridgeȱ inȱeachȱboltȱ
middleȱ valueȱ selectȱ andȱ theȱ headȬendȱ chamberȱ
andȱigniteȱtheȱBSMsȱtoȱeffectȱaȱcleanȱseparation.ȱ
pressureȱ ofȱ bothȱ SRBsȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ orȱ equalȱ toȱ
50ȱpsi.ȱ Aȱ backupȱ cueȱ isȱ theȱ timeȱ elapsedȱ fromȱ SPACE SHUTTLE SUPER LIGHT WEIGHT
boosterȱignition.ȱ TANK (SLWT)
Theȱseparationȱsequenceȱisȱinitiated,ȱcommandȬ
Theȱ superȱ lightweightȱ externalȱ tankȱ (SLWT)ȱ
ingȱ theȱ thrustȱ vectorȱ controlȱ actuatorsȱ toȱ theȱ
madeȱitsȱfirstȱshuttleȱflightȱJuneȱ2,ȱ1998,ȱonȱmisȬ
nullȱ positionȱ andȱ puttingȱ theȱ mainȱ propulsionȱ
sionȱ STSȬ91.ȱ Theȱ SLWTȱ isȱ 7,500ȱ poundsȱ lighterȱ
systemȱ intoȱ aȱ secondȬstageȱ configurationȱ
thanȱ theȱ standardȱ externalȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ lighterȱ
(0.8ȱsecondȱfromȱsequenceȱinitialization),ȱwhichȱ
weightȱ tankȱ allowsȱ theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ deliverȱ InterȬ
ensuresȱ theȱ thrustȱ ofȱ eachȱ SRBȱ isȱ lessȱ thanȱ
nationalȱ Spaceȱ Stationȱ elementsȱ (suchȱ asȱ theȱ
100,000ȱpounds.ȱOrbiterȱyawȱattitudeȱisȱheldȱforȱ
serviceȱmodule)ȱintoȱtheȱproperȱorbit.ȱ
fourȱseconds,ȱandȱSRBȱthrustȱdropsȱtoȱlessȱthanȱ
60,000ȱpounds.ȱ Theȱ SLWTȱ isȱtheȱsameȱ sizeȱ asȱtheȱpreviousȱdeȬ
sign.ȱButȱtheȱliquidȱhydrogenȱtankȱandȱtheȱliqȬ
Theȱ SRBsȱ separateȱ fromȱ theȱ externalȱ tankȱ
uidȱ oxygenȱ tankȱ areȱ madeȱ ofȱ aluminumȱ lithȬ
withinȱ 30ȱ millisecondsȱ ofȱ theȱ ordnanceȱ firingȱ
ium,ȱaȱlighter,ȱstrongerȱmaterialȱthanȱtheȱmetalȱ
command.ȱ
alloyȱ usedȱ forȱ theȱ shuttleȇsȱ currentȱ tank.ȱ Theȱ
Theȱforwardȱattachmentȱpointȱconsistsȱofȱaȱballȱ tankȇsȱ structuralȱ designȱ hasȱ alsoȱ beenȱ imȬ
(SRB)ȱandȱsocketȱ(ET)ȱheldȱtogetherȱbyȱoneȱbolt.ȱ proved,ȱ makingȱ itȱ 30ȱ percentȱ strongerȱ andȱ
TheȱboltȱcontainsȱoneȱNSDȱpressureȱcartridgeȱatȱ 5ȱpercentȱlessȱdense.ȱ
eachȱ end.ȱ Theȱ forwardȱ attachmentȱ pointȱ alsoȱ
Theȱ SLWT,ȱ likeȱ theȱ standardȱ tank,ȱ isȱ manufacȬ
carriesȱtheȱrangeȱsafetyȱsystemȱcrossȬstrapȱwirȬ
turedȱatȱMichoudȱAssembly,ȱnearȱNewȱOrleans,ȱ
ingȱ connectingȱ eachȱ SRBȱ RSSȱ andȱ theȱ ETȱ RSSȱ
byȱLockheedȱMartin.ȱ
withȱeachȱother.ȱ
Theȱ 154ȬfootȬlongȱ externalȱ tankȱ isȱ theȱ largestȱ
TheȱaftȱattachmentȱpointsȱconsistȱofȱthreeȱsepaȬ
singleȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱspaceȱshuttle.ȱItȱstandsȱ
rateȱ struts:ȱ upper,ȱ diagonalȱ andȱ lower.ȱ Eachȱ
tallerȱthanȱaȱ15ȬstoryȱbuildingȱandȱhasȱaȱdiameȬ
strutȱ containsȱ oneȱ boltȱ withȱ anȱ NSDȱ pressureȱ
terȱ ofȱ aboutȱ 27ȱ feet.ȱ Theȱ externalȱ tankȱ holdsȱ
cartridgeȱatȱeachȱend.ȱTheȱupperȱstrutȱalsoȱcarȬ
overȱ 530,000ȱ gallonsȱ ofȱ liquidȱ hydrogenȱ andȱ
riesȱtheȱumbilicalȱinterfaceȱbetweenȱitsȱSRBȱandȱ
liquidȱ oxygenȱ inȱ twoȱ separateȱ tanks.ȱ Theȱ hyȬ
theȱexternalȱtankȱandȱonȱtoȱtheȱorbiter.ȱ
drogenȱ (fuel)ȱ andȱ liquidȱ oxygenȱ (oxidizer)ȱ areȱ
Thereȱ areȱ fourȱ boosterȱ separationȱ motorsȱ onȱ usedȱasȱpropellantsȱforȱtheȱshuttleȇsȱthreeȱmainȱ
eachȱ endȱ ofȱ eachȱ SRB.ȱ Theȱ BSMsȱ separateȱ theȱ engines.
ȱ

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LAUNCH AND LANDING
ȱ
LAUNCH
Asȱ withȱ allȱ previousȱ spaceȱ shuttleȱ launches,ȱ
Endeavourȱ hasȱ severalȱ optionsȱ toȱ abortȱ itsȱ asȬ
centȱ ifȱ neededȱ dueȱ toȱ engineȱ failuresȱ orȱ otherȱ
systemsȱ problems.ȱ Shuttleȱ launchȱ abortȱ phiȬ
losophyȱaimsȱtowardȱsafeȱrecoveryȱofȱtheȱflightȱ
crewȱ andȱ intactȱ recoveryȱ ofȱ theȱ orbiterȱ andȱ itsȱ
payload.ȱ
Abortȱmodesȱinclude:ȱ
ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO)
Thisȱ modeȱ isȱ usedȱ ifȱ there’sȱ aȱ partialȱ lossȱ ofȱ
mainȱengineȱthrustȱlateȱenoughȱtoȱpermitȱreachȬ
ingȱaȱminimalȱ105ȱbyȱ85ȱnauticalȱmileȱorbitȱwithȱ
theȱ orbitalȱ maneuveringȱ systemȱ engines.ȱ Theȱ
enginesȱ boostȱ theȱ shuttleȱ toȱ aȱ safeȱ orbitalȱ altiȬ
tudeȱwhenȱitȱisȱimpossibleȱtoȱreachȱtheȱplannedȱ
orbitalȱaltitude.ȱ
TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING
(TAL)
Theȱ lossȱ ofȱ oneȱ orȱ moreȱ mainȱ enginesȱ midwayȱ
throughȱ poweredȱ flightȱ wouldȱ forceȱ aȱ landingȱ
atȱ eitherȱ Zaragoza,ȱ Spain;ȱ Moron,ȱ Spain;ȱ orȱ IsȬ
tres,ȱ France.ȱ Forȱ launchȱ toȱ proceed,ȱ weatherȱ
conditionsȱ mustȱ beȱ acceptableȱ atȱ oneȱ ofȱ theseȱ
TALȱsites.ȱ
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ȱ
LAUNCH & LANDING
RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS)
Ifȱoneȱorȱmoreȱenginesȱshutsȱdownȱearlyȱandȱifȱ
there’sȱ notȱ enoughȱ energyȱ toȱ reachȱ Zaragoza,ȱ
theȱ shuttleȱ wouldȱ pitchȱ aroundȱ towardȱ KSCȱ
untilȱ withinȱ glidingȱ distanceȱ ofȱ theȱ Shuttleȱ
Landingȱ Facility.ȱ Forȱ launchȱ toȱ proceed,ȱ
weatherȱ conditionsȱ mustȱ beȱ forecastȱ toȱ beȱ acȬ
ceptableȱ forȱ aȱ possibleȱ RTLSȱ landingȱ atȱ KSCȱ
aboutȱ20ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ
ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA)
Anȱ AOAȱ isȱ selectedȱ ifȱ theȱ vehicleȱ cannotȱ
achieveȱ aȱ viableȱ orbitȱ orȱ willȱ notȱ haveȱ enoughȱ
propellantȱ toȱ performȱ aȱ deorbitȱ burn,ȱ butȱ hasȱ
enoughȱenergyȱtoȱcircleȱtheȱEarthȱonceȱandȱlandȱ
aboutȱ90ȱminutesȱafterȱliftoff.ȱ
LANDING
Theȱ primaryȱ landingȱ siteȱ forȱ Endeavourȱ onȱ
STSȬ118ȱ isȱ theȱ Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center’sȱ Shuttleȱ
Landingȱ Facility.ȱ Alternateȱ landingȱ sitesȱ thatȱ
couldȱ beȱusedȱ ifȱneededȱdueȱ toȱ weatherȱcondiȬ
tionsȱ orȱ systemsȱ failuresȱ areȱ atȱ Edwardsȱ Airȱ
ForceȱBase,ȱCalif.,ȱandȱWhiteȱSandsȱSpaceȱHarȬ
bor,ȱN.M.ȱ
89
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ȱ
AAȱ AntennaȱAssemblyȱ
AAAȱ AvionicsȱAirȱAssemblyȱ
ABCȱ AudioȱBusȱCouplerȱ
ACȱ AssemblyȱCompleteȱ
ACBMȱ ActiveȱCommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ
ACOȱ AssemblyȱandȱCheckoutȱOfficerȱ
ACSȱ AtmosphereȱControlȱandȱSupplyȱ
ACSMȱ AttitudeȱControlȱSystemȱModingȱ
ACUȱ ArmȱComputerȱUnitȱ
ADOȱ AdaptationȱDataȱOverlayȱ
ADSEPȱ AdvancedȱSeparationȱ
ADVASCȱ AdvancedȱAstrocultureȱ
ADVASCȬGCȱ AdvancedȱAstroculture–GrowthȱChamberȱ
AEAȱ AntennaȱElectronicsȱAssemblyȱ
AFDȱ AftȱFlightȱDeckȱ
AJISȱ AlphaȱJointȱInterfaceȱStructureȱ
AKAȱ ActiveȱKeelȱAssemblyȱ
APASȱ AndrogynousȱPeripheralȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ
APCUȱ AssemblyȱPowerȱConverterȱUnitȱ
APDSȱ AndrogynousȱPeripheralȱDockingȱSystemȱ
APFRȱ ArticulatingȱPortableȱFootȱRestraintȱ
APMȱ AttachedȱPressurizedȱModuleȱ
APPCMȱ ArmȱPitchȱPlaneȱChangeȱModeȱ
APSȱ AutomatedȱPayloadȱSwitchȱ
ARȱ AtmosphereȱRevitalizationȱ
ARCUȱ AmericanȬtoȬRussianȱConverterȱUnitȱ
ARISȱ ActiveȱRackȱIsolationȱSystemȱ
ARSȱ AirȱRevitalizationȱSystemȱ
ASCRȱ AssuredȱSafeȱCrewȱReturnȱ
ATAȱ AmmoniaȱTankȱAssemblyȱ
ATCSȱ ActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
ATUȱ AudioȱTerminalȱUnitȱ
AUAIȱ AssembleȱContingencyȱSystem/UHFȱAudioȱInterfaceȱ
AVUȱ ArtificialȱVisionȱUnitȱ
AVVȱ AccumulatorȱVentȱValveȱ

BAȱ BearingȱAssemblyȱ
BBCȱ BusȱBoltȱControllerȱ
BCȱ BusȱControllerȱ

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BCDUȱ BatteryȱCharge/DischargeȱUnitȱ
BCUȱ BackupȱControllerȱUnitȱ
BDUȱ BackupȱDriveȱUnitȱ
BGȱ BetaȱGimbalȱ
BGAȱ BetaȱGimbalȱAssemblyȱ
BGDTSȱ BetaȱGimbalȱDeploymentȱTransitionȱStructureȱ
BGHSȱ BetaȱGimbalȱHousingȱSubassemblyȱ
BITȱ BuiltȬInȱTestȱ
BITEȱ BuiltȬInȱTestȱEquipmentȱ
BMRRMȱ BearingȱMotorȱandȱRollȱRingȱModuleȱ
BONEMACȱ BoneȱMarrowȱMacrophagesȱinȱSpaceȱ
BPSMUȱ BatteryȱPoweredȱSpeakerȱMicrophoneȱUnitȱ
BRSȱ BottomȱRightȱSideȱ
BSPȱ BasebandȱSignalȱProcessorȱ
BTSȱ BoltȱTightȱSwitchȱ

C&Cȱ CommandȱandȱControlȱ
C&DHȱ CommandȱandȱDataȱHandlingȱ
C&Mȱ ControlȱandȱMonitorȱ
C&Tȱ CommunicationȱandȱTrackingȱ
C&Wȱ CautionȱandȱWarningȱ
C/AȬcodeȱ Coarse/AcquisitionȬcodeȱ
C/Lȱ CrewȱLockȱ
CAȱ ControlȱAttitudeȱ
CASȱ CommonȱAttachȱSystemȱ
CBMȱ CommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ
CBOSSȱ CellularȱBiotechnologyȱOperatingȱScienceȱSystemȱ
CCAAȱ CommonȱCabinȱAirȱAssemblyȱ
CCASEȱ CommercialȱCassetteȱExperimentȱ
CCDȱ CursorȱControlȱDeviceȱ
CCMSȱ ConcentricȱCableȱManagementȱSystemȱ
CCSȱ CommunicationȱandȱControlȱSystemȱ
CCTVȱ ClosedȬCircuitȱTelevisionȱ
CDDTȱ CommonȱDisplayȱDevelopmentȱTeamȱ
CDRAȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱRemovalȱAssemblyȱ
CDSȱ CommandȱandȱDataȱSoftwareȱ
CETAȱ CrewȱandȱEquipmentȱTranslationȱAidȱ
CEUȱ ControlȱElectronicsȱUnitȱ
CFAȱ CircularȱFanȱAssemblyȱ
CGBAȱ CommercialȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȱ
CHeCSȱ CrewȱHealthȱCareȱSystemȱ
CHXȱ CondensingȱHeatȱExchangerȱ

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CIDȱ CircuitȱInterruptȱDeviceȱ
CIOBȱ CargoȱIntegrationȱandȱOperationsȱBranchȱ
CLAȱ CameraȱandȱLightȱAssemblyȱ
CLPAȱ CameraȱLightȱandȱPan/TiltȱAssemblyȱ
CMGȱ ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȱ
CMGȬTAȱ ControlȱMomentȱGyroscopeȬThrusterȱAssistȱ
CO2ȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱ
COASȱ CrewȱOpticalȱAlignmentȱSightȱ
CORȱ CommunicationȱOutageȱRecorderȱ
COTSȱ CommercialȬOffȬTheȬShelfȱ
CPȱ ColdȱPlateȱ
CPCGȬHȱ CommercialȱProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȬHighȱ
CRȱ ChangeȱRequestȱ
CRESȱ CorrosionȱResistantȱSteelȱ
CRIMȱ CommercialȱRefrigeratorȱIncubatorȱModuleȱ
CRIMȬMȱ CommercialȱRefrigeratorȱIncubatorȱModuleȬModifiedȱ
CRPCMȱ CanadianȱRemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱModuleȱ
CSAȱ ComputerȱSystemsȱArchitectureȱ
CSAȬCPȱ CompoundȱSpecificȱAnalyzerȬCombustionȱProductsȱ
CSCIȱ ComputerȱSoftwareȱConfigurationȱItemȱ
CSMȱ CargoȱSystemsȱManualȱ
CSSȱ CrewȱSupportȱStationȱ
CTBȱ CargoȱTransferȱBagȱ
CVIUȱ CommonȱVideoȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ
CVTȱ CurrentȱValueȱTableȱ
CVVȱ CarbonȱDioxideȱVentȱValveȱ
CWCȱ ContingencyȱWaterȱCollectionȱ

DAAȱ DockedȱAirȬtoȬAirȱ
DAG1ȱ DockedȱA/Gȱ1ȱ
DAIUȱ DockedȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ
DAPȱ DigitalȱAutopilotȱ
DCȱ DockingȱCompartmentȱ
dcȱȱȱȱȱ directȱcurrentȱ
DCPȱ DisplayȱandȱControlȱPanelȱ
DCSUȱ DirectȱCurrentȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ
DDCUȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȱ
DDCUȬCPȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȬColdȱPlateȱ
DDCUȬEȱ ExternalȱDDCUȱ
DDCUȬHPȱ DCȬtoȬDCȱConverterȱUnitȬHeatȱPipeȱ
DDCUȬIȱ InternalȱDDCUȱ
DFLȱ DataȱFormatȱLoadȱ

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DLAȱ DriveȱLockingȱAssemblyȱ
DMCUȱ DockingȱMechanismȱControlȱUnitȱ
DMSȬRȱ DataȱManagementȱSystemȬRussianȱ
dp/dtȱ deltaȱpressure/deltaȱtimeȱ
DPAȱ DigitalȱPreassemblyȱ
DPSȱ DataȱProcessingȱSystemȱ
DTOȱ DevelopmentȱTestȱObjectiveȱ
DTVȱ DigitalȱTelevisionȱ

E/Lȱ EquipmentȱLockȱ
EȬStopȱ EmergencyȱStopȱ
EACPȱ EMUȱAudioȱControlȱPanelȱ
EAIUȱ EMUȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ
EASȱ EarlyȱAmmoniaȱServicerȱ
EATCSȱ ExternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSubsystemȱ
ECLSSȱ EnvironmentalȱControlȱandȱLifeȱSupportȱSystemȱ
ECUȱ ElectronicsȱControlȱUnitȱ
EDȱ EngagementȱDriveȱ
EDDAȱ ExternalȱManeuveringȱUnitȱDon/DoffȱAssemblyȱ
EEȱ EndȱEffectorȱ
EEATCSȱ EarlyȱExternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
EETȱ ExperimentȱElapsedȱTimeȱ
EETCSȱ EarlyȱExternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
EFGFȱ ElectricalȱFlightȬreleasableȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ
EGILȱ ElectricalȱGenerationȱandȱIntegratedȱLightingȱSystemsȱEngineerȱ
EIAȱ ElectricalȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ
EMPEVȱ EmergencyȱManualȱPressureȱEqualizationȱValueȱ
EMUȱ ExtravehicularȱMobilityȱUnitȱ
EOAȱ EVAȱOhmmeterȱAssemblyȱ
EPCEȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱConsumingȱEquipmentȱ
EPGȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱGeneratorȱ
EPSȱ ElectricalȱPowerȱSystemȱ
ERȱ EdgeȱRouterȱ
ESAȱ ExternalȱSamplingȱAdapterȱ
ESPȱ ExternalȱStowageȱPlatformȱ
ESSMDMȱ EnhancedȱSpaceȱStationȱMultiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ
ESUȱ EndȱStopȱUnitȱ
ETCSȱ ExternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
ETIȱ ElapsedȱTimeȱIndicatorȱ
ETRSȱ EVAȱTemporaryȱRailȱStopȱ
ETSDȱ EVAȱToolȱStorageȱDeviceȱ
ETVCGȱ ExternalȱTelevisionȱCamerasȱGroupȱ

94
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EUEȱ ExperimentȱUniqueȱEquipmentȱ
EVȱ Extravehicularȱ
EVȬCPDSȱ ExtravehicularȬChargedȱParticleȱDirectionalȱSpectrometerȱ
EVAȱ ExtravehicularȱActivityȱ
EVRȱ ExtravehicularȱRoboticsȱ
EVSUȱ ExternalȱVideoȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ
EXPRESSȱ EXpediteȱtheȱPRocessingȱofȱExperimentsȱtoȱtheȱSpaceȱStationȱ
EXTȱ ExperimentalȱTerminalȱ
EWISȱ ExternalȱWirelessȱInstrumentationȱSystemȱ

FAWGȱ FlightȱAssignmentȱWorkingȱGroupȱ
FCȱ FirmwareȱControllerȱ
FCCȱ FlatȱControllerȱCircuitȱ
FCTȱ FlightȱControlȱTeamȱ
FCVȱ FlowȱControlȱValveȱ
FDȱ FlightȱDayȱ
FDAȱ FaultȱDetectionȱAnnunciationȱ
FDIRȱ Failure,ȱDetection,ȱIsolationȱandȱRecoveryȱ
FDSȱ FireȱDetectionȱandȱSuppressionȱ
FETȱ FieldȱEffectȱTransistorȱ
FGBȱ FunctionalȱCargoȱBlockȱ
FHRCȱ FlexȱHoseȱRotaryȱCouplerȱ
FIȱ FaultȱIsolatorȱ
FPUȱ FluidȱPumpingȱUnitȱ
FQDCȱ FluidȱQuickȱDisconnectȱCouplingȱ
FRDȱ FlightȱRequirementsȱDocumentȱ
FRGFȱ FlightȱReleasableȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ
FSEȱ FlightȱSupportȱEquipmentȱ
FSSȱ FluidȱSystemȱServicerȱ
FWCIȱ FirmwareȱConfigurationȱItemȱ

GASȱ GetȱAwayȱSpecialȱ
GCȱ GrowthȱCellȱ
GCAȱ GrowthȱCellȱAssemblyȱ
GFEȱ GovernmentȬFurnishedȱEquipmentȱ
GFIȱ GroundȱFaultȱInterrupterȱ
GJOPȱ GenericȱJointȱOperationsȱPanelȱ
GLONASSȱ GLObalȱNavigationalȱSatelliteȱSystemȱ
GN&Cȱ Guidance,ȱNavigationȱandȱControlȱ
GNCȱ GuidanceȱNavigationȱComputerȱ
GPCȱ GeneralȱPurposeȱComputerȱ
GPRVȱ GasȱPressureȱregulatingȱValveȱ

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GPSȱ GlobalȱPositioningȱSystemȱ
GUIȱ GraphicalȱUserȱInterfaceȱ

H2ȱ Hydrogenȱ
HABȱ HabitatȱModuleȱ
HCȱ HandȱControllerȱ
HCAȱ HollowȱCathodeȱAssemblyȱ
HCORȱ HighȬRateȱCommunicationȱOutageȱRecorderȱ
HDRȱ HighȱDataȱRateȱ
HDRLȱ HighȱDateȱRateȱLinkȱ
HEPAȱ HighȱEfficiencyȱParticulateȱAirȱ
HGAȱ HighȱGainȱAntennaȱ
HHLȱ HandheldȱLidarȱ
HPȱ HeatȱPipeȱ
HPGTȱ HighȱPressureȱGasȱTankȱ
HRFȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱ
HRFȬPUFȬDKȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱPuffȱDataȱKitȱ
HRFȬResȱ HumanȱResearchȱFacilityȱResupplyȱ
HRFMȱ HighȱRateȱFrameȱMultiplexerȱ
HRMȱ HighȱRateȱModemȱ
HRSȱ HandȱReactionȱSwitchȱ

I/Fȱ Interfaceȱ
I/Oȱ Input/Outputȱ
IACȱ InternalȱAudioȱControllerȱ
IASȱ InternalȱAudioȱSubsystemȱ
IATCSȱ InternalȱActiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
ICCȱ IntegratedȱCargoȱCarrierȱ
ICOMȱ Intercomȱ
IDAȱ IntegratedȱDiodeȱAssemblyȱ
IDRDȱ IncrementȱDefinitionȱRequirementsȱDocumentȱ
IEAȱ IntegratedȱEquipmentȱAssemblyȱ
IFHXȱ InterfaceȱHeatȱExchangerȱ
IFIȱ ItemȱforȱInvestigationȱ
IFMȱ InȬflightȱMaintenanceȱ
IMCAȱ IntegratedȱMotorȱControlȱAssemblyȱ
IMCSȱ IntegratedȱMissionȱControlȱSystemȱ
IMUȱ ImpedanceȱMatchingȱUnitȱ
IMVȱ IntermoduleȱVentilationȱȱ
INCOȱȱ InstrumentationȱandȱCommunicationȱOfficerȱ
INSTMȱ Instrumentationȱ
INTȱ Internalȱ
INTSYSȱ InternalȱSystemsȱ

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IOCȱ Input/OutputȱControllerȱ
IOCUȱ Input/OutputȱControllerȱUnitȱ
IPȱ InternationalȱPartnerȱ
IRUȱ InȬFlightȱRefillȱUnitȱ
ISAȱ InternalȱSamplingȱAdapterȱ
ISISȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱInterfaceȱStandardȱ
ISLȱ IntegratedȱStationȱLANȱ
ISOȱ InventoryȱandȱStowageȱOfficerȱ
ISPRȱ InternationalȱStandardȱPayloadȱRackȱ
ISSȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ
ISSPOȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱProgramȱOfficeȱ
ISSSHȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱSystemsȱHandbookȱ
ITȱ IntegratedȱTrussȱ
ITCSȱ InternalȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
ITSȱ IntegratedȱTrussȱSegmentȱ
IUAȱ InterfaceȱUmbilicalȱAssemblyȱ
IVȱ Intravehicularȱȱ
IVAȱ IntravehicularȱActivityȱ
IVSUȱ InternalȱVideoȱSwitchȱUnitȱ
IWISȱ InternalȱWirelessȱInstrumentationȱSystemȱ

JAXAȱ JapanȱAerospaceȱExplorationȱAgencyȱ
JEMȱ JapaneseȱExperimentȱModuleȱ
JEUȱ JointȱElectronicȱUnitȱ

KSCȱ KennedyȱSpaceȱCenterȱ
kWȱ Kilowattȱ

LAȱ LaunchȱAftȱ
Labȱ Laboratoryȱȱ
LANȱ LocalȱAreaȱNetworkȱ
LBȱ LocalȱBusȱ
LBȬRWSȱ RWSȱLocalȱBusȱ
LCAȱ LabȱCradleȱAssemblyȱ
LCCȱ LaunchȱCommitȱCriteriaȱ
LCDȱ LiquidȱCrystalȱDisplayȱ
LDIȱ LocalȱDataȱInterfaceȱ
LDRȱ LowȱDataȱRateȱ
LDUȱ LinearȱDriveȱUnitȱ
LEDȱ LightȬEmittingȱDiodeȱ
LEEȱ LatchingȱEndȱEffectorȱ
LEUȱ LEEȱElectronicȱUnitȱ
LFDPȱ LoadȱFaultȱDetectionȱProtectionȱ

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LGAȱ LowȱGainȱAntennaȱ
LLAȱ LowȱLevelȱAnalogȱ
LMCȱ LightweightȱMultipurposeȱCarrierȱ
LONȱ LaunchȱOnȱNeedȱ
LTȱ LowȱTemperatureȱ
LTAȱ LaunchȱtoȱActivationȱ
LTLȱ LowȱTemperatureȱLoopȱ
LTUȱ LoadȱTransferȱUnitȱ
LVLHȱ LocalȱVerticalȱLocalȱHorizontalȱ

MAȱ MechanicalȱAssemblyȱ
MAMȱ ManualȱAugmentedȱRoleȱ
MBAȱ MotorizedȱBoltȱAssemblyȱȱ
MBEȱ MetalȱBellowsȱExpanderȱ
MBMȱ ManualȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ
MBSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServiceȱBaseȱSystemȱ
MBSUȱ MainȱBusȱSwitchingȱUnitȱ
MCȱ MidcourseȱCorrectionȱ
MCAȱ MajorȱConstituentȱAnalyzerȱ
MCASȱ MBSȱCommonȱAttachȱSystemȱ
MCCȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȱ
MCCȬHȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȬHoustonȱ
MCCȬMȱ MissionȱControlȱCenterȬMoscowȱ
MCDSȱ MultifunctionȱCRTȱDisplayȱSystemȱ
MCSȱ MotionȱControlȱSystemȱ
MCUȱ MBSȱComputerȱUnitȱ
MDAȱ MotorȱDriveȱAssemblyȱ
MDLȱ MiddeckȱLockerȱ
MDMȱ Multiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ
MEDȱOPSȱ MedicalȱOperationsȱ
MEPSȱ MicroencapsulationȱElectrostaticȱProcessingȱSystemȱ
MEPSIȱ MicroȬElectromechanicalȱSystemȬbasedȱPicoȱSatelliteȱInspectorȱ
MERȱ MissionȱEvaluationȱRoomȱ
METȱ MissionȱElapsedȱTimeȱ
METOXȱ MetalȱOxideȱ
MFCVȱ ManualȱFlowȱControlȱValveȱ
MHSȱ MCUȱHostȱSoftwareȱ
MILȬSTDȱ MilitaryȱStandardȱ
MILAȱ ModeȱIndicatingȱLightȱAssemblyȱ
MIPȱ MissionȱIntegrationȱPlanȱ
MISSEȱ MaterialsȱInternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱExperimentȱ
MLIȱ MultiȬLayerȱInsulationȱ

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MM/ODȱ Micrometeoroid/OrbitalȱDebrisȱ
MMTȱ MissionȱManagementȱTeamȱ
MODȱ MissionȱOperationsȱDirectorateȱ
MPEVȱ ManualȱPressureȱEqualizationȱValveȱ
MPLMȱ MultipurposeȱLogisticsȱModuleȱ
MPMȱ ManipulatorȱPositioningȱMechanismȱ
MRLȱ ManipulatorȱRetentionȱLatchȱ
MRSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServicerȱ
MRSBSȱ MobileȱRemoteȱServicerȱBaseȱSystemȱ
MSDȱ MassȱStorageȱDeviceȱ
MSFCȱ MarshallȱSpaceȱFlightȱCenterȱ
MSGȱ MicrogravityȱScienceȱGloveboxȱ
MSSȱ MobileȱServicingȱSystemȱ
MTȱ MobileȱTransporterȱ
MTCLȱ MobileȱTransporterȱCaptureȱLatchȱ
MTLȱ ModerateȱTemperatureȱLoopȱ
MTSȱ ModuleȬtoȬTrussȱSegmentȱ
MTSASȱ ModuleȬtoȬTrussȱSegmentȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ
MTWsNȱ MoveȱtoȱWorksiteȱNumberȱ

N2ȱ Nitrogenȱ
N.ȱmi.ȱ Nauticalȱmileȱ
NASAȱȱ NationalȱAeronauticsȱandȱSpaceȱAdministrationȱ
NCCȱ NominalȱCorrectiveȱCombinationȱburnȱ
NCGȱ NonȱCondensableȱGasȱ
NCSȱ NodeȱControlȱSoftwareȱ
NCUȱ NetworkȱControlȱUnitȱ
NETȱ NoȱEarlierȱThanȱ
NIAȱ NitrogenȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ
NiH2ȱ NickelȱHydrogenȱ
NIVȱ NitrogenȱIntroductionȱValveȱ
NSIȱ NASAȱStandardȱInitiatorȱ
NSTSȱ NationalȱSpaceȱTransportationȱSystemȱ
NTAȱ NitrogenȱTankȱAssemblyȱ

O 2ȱ Oxygenȱ
OCAȱ OrbitalȱCommunicationsȱAdapterȱ
OCADȱ OperationalȱControlȱAgreementȱDocumentȱ
OCJMȱ OperatorȬCommandedȱJointȱPositionȱModeȱ
OCPMȱ OperatorȬCommandedȱPORȱModeȱ
OCSȱ OperationsȱandȱControlȱSoftwareȱ
ODINȱ OrbitalȱDesignȱIntegrationȱSystemȱ
ODSȱ OrbiterȱDockingȱSystemȱ

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OIȱ OperationalȱIncrementȱ
OIUȱ OrbiterȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ
OIVȱ OxygenȱIsolationȱValveȱ
OMIȱ OnȬOrbitȱMaintainableȱItemȱ
OMSȱ OrbitalȱManeuveringȱSystemȱ
OPCGAȱ ObservableȱProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȱApparatusȱ
OPPȱ OSVSȱPatchȱPanelȱ
Opsȱ Operationsȱ
OPSȱLANȱ OperationsȱLocalȱAreaȱNetworkȱ
ORBTȱ OptimizedȱRBarȱTargetingȱTechniqueȱ
ORCAȱ OxygenȱRechargeȱCompressorȱAssemblyȱ
ORUȱ OrbitalȱReplacementȱUnitȱ
OSEȱ OrbiterȱSupportȱEquipmentȱ
OSOȱ OperationsȱSupportȱOfficerȱ
OSVSȱ OrbiterȱSpaceȱVisionȱSystemȱ
OTDȱ ORUȱTransferȱDeviceȱ
OVȱ OrbiterȱVehicleȱ

P&Sȱ PointingȱandȱSupportȱ
PȬCodeȱ PrecisionȱCodeȱ
P/Lȱ Payloadȱ
P/TVȱ Photo/Televisionȱȱ
P3/P4ȱ Portȱ3/Portȱ4ȱ
PASȱ PayloadȱAttachȱSystemȱ
PBAȱ PortableȱBreathingȱApparatusȱ
PCȱ PersonalȱComputerȱ
PCAȱ PressureȱControlȱAssemblyȱ
PCAMȱ ProteinȱCrystallizationȱApparatusȱforȱMicrogravityȱ
PCBMȱ PassiveȱCommonȱBerthingȱMechanismȱ
PCCȱ PowerȱConverterȱControllerȱ
PCGȬSTESȱ ProteinȱCrystalȱGrowthȬSingleȱThermalȱEnclosureȱSystemȱ
PCMCIAȱ PersonalȱComputerȱMemoryȱCardȱInternationalȱAdapterȱ
PCPȱ PressureȱControlȱPanelȱ
PCRȱ PortableȱComputerȱReceptacleȱȱ
PCSȱ PortableȱComputerȱSystemȱ
PCTȱ PostȬContactȱThrustingȱ
PCUȱ PlasmaȱConnectorȱUnitȱ
PCVPȱ PumpȱandȱControlȱValveȱPackageȱ
PDGFȱ PowerȱandȱDataȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ
PDIȱ PayloadȱDataȱInterfaceȱ
PDIPȱ PayloadȱDataȱInterfaceȱPanelȱ
PDRSȱ PayloadȱDeploymentȱandȱRetrievalȱSystemȱ

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PDTAȱ PowerȱDataȱTransferȱAssemblyȱ
PDUȱ PowerȱDriveȱUnitȱ
PEHGȱ PayloadȱEthernetȱHubȱGatewayȱ
PFȱ PayloadȱForwardȱȱ
PFCSȱ PumpȱFlowȱControlȱSubassemblyȱ
PFEȱ PortableȱFireȱExtinguisherȱ
PFMCȱ Pump/FanȱMotorȱControllerȱ
PFRȱ PortableȱFootȱRestraintȱȱ
PGBAȬSȱ PlantȱGenericȱBioprocessingȱApparatusȬStowageȱ
PGSCȱ PortableȱGeneralȱSupportȱComputerȱ
PGTȱ PistolȱGripȱToolȱ
PHALCONȱ Power,ȱHeating,ȱArticulation,ȱLighting,ȱandȱControlȱOfficerȱ
PJPAMȱ PreȬstoredȱJointȱPositionȱAutosequenceȱModeȱ
PLBȱ PayloadȱBayȱ
PMȱ PumpȱModuleȱ
PMAȱ PressurizedȱMatingȱAdapterȱ
PMCUȱ PowerȱManagementȱControlȱUnitȱ
PMDISȱ PerceptualȱMotorȱDeficitsȱInȱSpaceȱ
PMPȱ PayloadȱMountingȱPanelȱ
POAȱ Payload/ORUȱAccommodationȱ
POCȱ PortableȱOnboardȱComputerȱȱ
PORȱ PointȱofȱReferenceȱ
POSTȱ PowerȱONȱSelfȬTestȱ
PPȱ PlanningȱPeriodȱ
PPAȱ PumpȱPackageȱAssemblyȱ
PPAMȱ PreȬstoredȱPORȱAutosequenceȱModeȱ
ppO2ȱ partialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱ
PPRVȱ PositiveȱPressureȱReliefȱValveȱ
PPTȱ Precipitateȱȱ
PRDȱ PayloadȱRetentionȱDeviceȱ
PRLAȱ PayloadȱRetentionȱLatchȱAssemblyȱ
ProxȬOpsȱ ProximityȱOperationsȱ
PSNȱ PowerȱSourceȱNodeȱ
PSPȱ PayloadȱSignalȱProcessorȱȱ
PTBȱ PayloadȱTrainingȱBufferȱ
PTCSȱ PassiveȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
PTRȱ PortȱThermalȱRadiatorȱ
PTUȱ Pan/TiltȱUnitȱ
PVȱ Photovoltaicȱ
PVCAȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱApplicationȱ
PVCEȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱElementȱ
PVCUȱ PhotovoltaicȱControllerȱUnitȱ

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PVMȱ PhotovoltaicȱModuleȱ
PVRȱ PhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱ
PVRGFȱ PhotovoltaicȱRadiatorȱGrappleȱFixtureȱ
PVTCSȱ PhotovoltaicȱThermalȱControlȱSystemȱ
PWPȱ PortableȱWorkȱPlatformȱ
PWRȱ PortableȱWaterȱReservoirȱ
PYRȱ PitchȱYawȱRollȱ

QDȱ QuickȱDisconnectȱ

R/Fȱ Refrigerator/Freezerȱ
R&Rȱ RemovalȱandȱReplacementȱ
RACUȱ RussianȬtoȬAmericanȱConverterȱUnitȱ
RAIUȱ RussianȱAudioȱInterfaceȱUnitȱ
RAMȱ RandomȱAccessȱMemoryȱ
RAMVȱ RheostatȱAirȱMixȱValveȱ
RBȱ RadiatorȱBeamȱ
RBBȱ RightȱBlanketȱBoxȱ
RBIȱ RemoteȱBusȱIsolatorȱ
RBVMȱ RadiatorȱBeamȱValveȱȱ
RCCȱ ReinforcedȱCarbonȬCarbonȱ
RCSȱ ReactionȱControlȱSystemȱ
RDAȱ RetainerȱDoorȱAssemblyȱ
RFȱ RadioȱFrequencyȱ
RFCAȱ RackȱFlowȱControlȱAssemblyȱ
RFGȱ RadioȱFrequencyȱGroupȱ
RGAȱ RateȱGyroȱAssembliesȱ
RHCȱ RotationalȱHandȱControllerȱ
RHXȱ RegenerativeȱHeatȱExchangerȱ
RICȱ RackȱInterfaceȱControllerȱ
RJMCȱ RotaryȱJointȱMotorȱControllerȱ
RMSȱ RemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ
ROBOȱ RoboticsȱOperationsȱSupportȱOfficerȱȱ
ROSȱ RussianȱOrbitalȱSegmentȱ
RPȱ Receiver/Processorȱȱ
RPCȱ RemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱ
RPCMȱ RemoteȱPowerȱControllerȱModuleȱ
RPDAȱ RemoteȱPowerȱDistributionȱAssemblyȱ
RPMȱ RbarȱPitchȱManeuverȱ
RPOPȱ RendezvousȱandȱProximityȱOperationsȱProgramȱ
RSȱ RussianȱSegmentȱ
RSCȱ RMSȱSideviewȱCameraȱ
RSPȱ ResupplyȱStowageȱPlatformȱ

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RSRȱ ResupplyȱStowageȱRackȱ
RSTSȱ RackȱStandaloneȱTemperatureȱSensorȱ
RSUȱ RollerȱSuspensionȱUnitȱ
ȱ RemoteȱSensingȱUnitȱ
RTȱ RemoteȱTerminalȱ
RTȬBoxȱ ReactionȱTimeȱBoxȱ
RTASȱ RocketdyneȱTrussȱAttachmentȱSystemȱ
RTDȱ ResistiveȱThermalȱDeviceȱ
RTLȱ ReadyȱtoȱLatchȱ
RWSȱ RoboticȱWorkstationȱ
Sȱ Starboardȱ
S&Mȱ StructuresȱandȱMechanismsȱ
S3/S4ȱ Starboardȱ3/Starboardȱ4ȱ
SAȱ SolarȱArrayȱ
SABBȱ SolarȱArrayȱBlanketȱBoxȱ
SAGEȱ SpaceȱArabidoposisȱGenomicsȱExperimentȱ
SARJȱ SolarȱAlphaȱRotaryȱJointȱ
SARJ_Cȱ SARJȱControllerȱ
SARJ_Mȱ SARJȱManagerȱ
SASAȱ SȬbandȱAntennaȱSupportȱAssemblyȱ
SAWȱ SolarȱArrayȱWingȱ
SCAȱ SwitchgearȱControllerȱAssemblyȱ
SCIȱ SignalȱConditioningȱInterfaceȱ
SCUȱ ServiceȱandȱCoolingȱUmbilicalȱ
SDȱ SmokeȱDetectorȱ
SDOȱ SolenoidȱDriverȱOutputȱ
SDSȱ SampleȱDeliveryȱSystemȱ
SEMȱ ShuntȱElectronicsȱModuleȱ
SEPSȱ SecondaryȱElectricalȱPowerȱSubsystemȱ
SFCAȱ SystemȱFlowȱControlȱAssemblyȱ
SFUȱ SquibȱFiringȱUnitȱ
SGANTȱ SpaceȬtoȬGroundȱAntennaȱ
SHOSSȱ SpacehabȱOceaneeringȱSpaceȱSystemȱ
SHOTȱ SpaceȱHardwareȱOptimizationȱTechnologyȱ
SIGIȱ SpaceȱIntegratedȱGlobalȱPositioningȱSystem/InertialȱNavigationȱSystemȱ
SJRMȱ SingleȱJointȱRateȱModeȱ
SLDPȱ SpacelabȱDataȱProcessingȱ
SLPȱ SpacelabȱLogisticsȱPalletȱ
SMȱ ServiceȱModuleȱ
SMCCȱ ShuttleȱMissionȱControlȱCenterȱ
SMDPȱ ServiceȱModuleȱDebrisȱPanelȱ
SOCȱ StateȱofȱChargeȱ

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SOVȱ ShutoffȱValveȱ
SPCEȱ ServicingȱPerformanceȱandȱCheckoutȱEquipmentȱ
SPDȱ SpoolȱPositioningȱDeviceȱ
SPDAȱ SecondaryȱPowerȱDistributionȱAssemblyȱ
SPDMȱ SpecialȱPurposeȱDexterousȱManipulatorȱ
SPGȱ SingleȬPointȱGroundȱ
SRMSȱ ShuttleȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ
SSASȱ SegmentȬtoȬSegmentȱAttachȱSystemȱ
SSBAȱ SpaceȱStationȱBufferȱAmplifierȱ
SSCȱ StationȱSupportȱComputerȱ
SSMDMȱ SpaceȱStationȱMultiplexer/Demultiplexerȱ
SSORȱ SpaceȬtoȬSpaceȱOrbiterȱRatioȱ
SSPȱ StandardȱSwitchȱPanelȱ
SSPTSȱ StationȬtoȬShuttleȱPowerȱTransferȱSystemȱ
SSRMSȱ SpaceȱStationȱRemoteȱManipulatorȱSystemȱ
SSSHȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱSystemsȱHandbookȱ
SSSRȱ SpaceȬtoȬSpaceȱStationȱRadioȱ
SSUȱ SequentialȱShuntȱUnitȱ
STCRȱ StarboardȱThermalȱControlȱRadiatorȱ
STESȱ SingleȱThermalȱEnclosureȱSystemȱ
STRȱ StarboardȱThermalȱRadiatorȱ
SVSȱ SpaceȱVisionȱSystemȱ

TAȱ ThrusterȱAssistȱ
TAAȱ TriaxialȱAccelerometerȱAssemblyȱ
TAHȱ TrayȱActuationȱHandleȱ
TBAȱ TrundleȱBearingȱAssemblyȱ
TCȱ TerminalȱComputerȱ
TCCSȱ TraceȱContaminantȱControlȱSubassemblyȱ
TCCVȱ TemperatureȱControlȱandȱCheckȱValveȱ
TCSȱ TrajectoryȱControlȱSensorȱ
TDȱ TranslationȱDriveȱ
TDRSȱ TrackingȱandȱDataȱRelayȱSatelliteȱ
TDRSSȱ TrackingȱandȱDataȱRelayȱSatelliteȱSystemȱ
TEAȱ TorqueȱEquilibriumȱAttitudeȱ
TFRȱ TranslationȱFootȱRestraintȱ
THCȱ TemperatureȱandȱHumidityȱControlȱ
THORȱ ThermalȱOperationsȱandȱResourcesȱOfficerȱ
TIȱ TerminalȱPhaseȱInitiationȱ
TORFȱ TwiceȱOrbitalȱRateȱFlyaroundȱ
TORUȱ TeleoperatorȱControlȱModeȱ
TORVAȱ TwiceȱOrbitalȱRateȱ+Rbarȱtoȱ+VbarȱApproachȱ

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TPLȱ TransferȱPriorityȱListȱ
TRACȱ TestȱofȱReactionȱandȱAdaptionȱCapabilitiesȱ
TRCȱ TransmitterȱReceiverȱControllerȱ
TRRJȱ ThermalȱRadiatorȱRotaryȱJointȱ
TSPȱ TwistedȱShieldedȱPairȱ
TTCRȱ TrailingȱThermalȱControlȱRadiatorȱ
TUSȱ TrailingȱUmbilicalȱSystemȱ
TVISȱ TreadmillȱVibrationȱIsolationȱSystemȱ
TWMVȱ ThreeȬWayȱMixingȱValveȱ

UBȱ UserȱBusȱ
UCCASȱ UnpressurizedȱCargoȱCarrierȱAttachȱSystemȱ
UDGȱ UserȱDataȱGenerationȱ
UFȱ UtilizationȱFlightȱ
UHFȱ UltrahighȱFrequencyȱ
UIAȱ UmbilicalȱInterfaceȱAssemblyȱ
ULCASȱ UnpressurizedȱLogisticsȱCarrierȱAttachȱSystemȱ
UIPȱ UtilityȱInterfaceȱPanelȱ
ULFȱ UtilizationȱLogisticsȱFlightȱȱ
UMAȱ UmbilicalȱMechanismȱAssemblyȱ
UOPȱ UtilityȱOutletȱPanelȱ
USAȱ UnitedȱSpaceȱAllianceȱȱ
USLȱ U.S.ȱLaboratoryȱ
USOSȱ UnitedȱStatesȱOnȬOrbitȱSegmentȱ
UTAȱ UtilityȱTransferȱAssemblyȱ

VAJȱ VacuumȱAccessȱJumperȱ
VBSPȱȱ VideoȱBasebandȱSignalȱProcessorȱ
VCPȱ VideoȱCameraȱPortȱ
VCSAȱ VideoȱCameraȱSupportȱAssemblyȱȱ
VDSȱ VideoȱDistributionȱSystemȱ
VDUȱ VideoȱDistributionȱUnitȱ
VESȱ VacuumȱExhaustȱSystemȱ
VGSȱ VideoȱGraphicsȱSoftwareȱ
VRCVȱ Vent/ReliefȱControlȱValveȱ
VRIVȱ Vent/ReliefȱIsolationȱValveȱ
VRSȱ VESȱResourceȱSystemȱ
VRVȱ Vent/ReliefȱValveȱ
VSCȱ VideoȱSignalȱConverterȱ
VSSAȱ VideoȱStanchionȱSupportȱAssemblyȱ

W/Sȱ Worksiteȱ
WETAȱ WVSȱExternalȱTransceiverȱAssemblyȱ

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WHSȱ WorkstationȱHostȱSoftwareȱ
WIFȱ WorksiteȱInterfaceȱ
WRMȱ WaterȱRecoveryȱManagementȱ
WSȱ WaterȱSeparatorȱ
WVAȱ WaterȱVentȱAssemblyȱ

XPOPȱ XȬaxisȱPointingȱOutȱofȱPlaneȱ

ZCGȬSSȱ ZeoliteȱCrystalȱGrowth—SampleȱStowageȱ
ZSRȱ ZeroȬgȱStowageȱRackȱ

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MEDIA ASSISTANCE
ȱ
NASA TELEVISION TRANSMISSION ters,ȱ Washington.ȱ Theȱ televisionȱ scheduleȱ willȱ
beȱ updatedȱ toȱ reflectȱ changesȱ dictatedȱ byȱ misȬ
NASAȱTelevisionȱisȱcarriedȱonȱanȱMPEGȬ2ȱdigiȬ
sionȱoperations.ȱ
talȱ signalȱ accessedȱ viaȱ satelliteȱ AMCȬ6,ȱ atȱ
72ȱdegreesȱ westȱ longitude,ȱ transponderȱ 17C,ȱ Status Reports
4040ȱ MHz,ȱ verticalȱ polarization.ȱ Forȱ thoseȱ inȱ
Statusȱ reportsȱ onȱ countdownȱ andȱ missionȱ proȬ
Alaskaȱ orȱ Hawaii,ȱ NASAȱ Televisionȱ willȱ beȱ
gress,ȱonȬorbitȱactivitiesȱandȱlandingȱoperationsȱ
seenȱonȱAMCȬ7,ȱatȱ137ȱdegreesȱwestȱlongitude,ȱ
willȱbeȱpostedȱat:ȱ
transponderȱ 18C,ȱ atȱ 4060ȱ MHz,ȱ horizontalȱ poȬ
larization.ȱ Inȱ bothȱ instances,ȱ aȱ Digitalȱ Videoȱ http://www.nasa.gov/shuttle
Broadcastȱ(DVB)ȬcompliantȱIntegratedȱReceiverȱ Thisȱ siteȱalsoȱ containsȱinformationȱonȱ theȱcrewȱ
Decoderȱ(IRD)ȱ(withȱmodulationȱofȱQPSK/DBV,ȱ andȱwillȱbeȱupdatedȱregularlyȱwithȱphotosȱandȱ
dataȱrateȱofȱ36.86ȱandȱFECȱ¾)ȱwillȱbeȱneededȱforȱ videoȱclipsȱthroughoutȱtheȱflight.ȱ
reception.ȱ Theȱ NASAȱ Televisionȱ scheduleȱ andȱ
Briefings
linksȱtoȱstreamingȱvideoȱareȱavailableȱat:ȱ
Aȱmissionȱpressȱbriefingȱscheduleȱwillȱbeȱissuedȱ
http://www.nasa.gov/ntv
beforeȱ launch.ȱ Theȱ updatedȱ NASAȱ televisionȱ
NASAȱ TVȇsȱ digitalȱ conversionȱ willȱ requireȱ scheduleȱ willȱ indicateȱ whenȱ missionȱ briefingsȱ
membersȱ ofȱ theȱ broadcastȱ mediaȱ toȱ upgradeȱ areȱplanned.ȱ
withȱ anȱ ȇaddressableȇȱ Integratedȱ Receiverȱ DeȬ
Internet Information
coder,ȱorȱIRD,ȱtoȱparticipateȱinȱliveȱnewsȱeventsȱ
andȱ interviews,ȱ pressȱ briefingsȱ andȱ receiveȱ Informationȱ onȱ safetyȱ enhancementsȱ madeȱ
NASAȇsȱ Videoȱ Fileȱ newsȱ feedsȱ onȱ aȱ dedicatedȱ sinceȱtheȱColumbiaȱAccidentȱisȱavailableȱat:ȱ
Mediaȱ Servicesȱ channel.ȱ NASAȱ missionȱ coverȬ www.nasa.gov/returntoflight/system/index.html
ageȱ willȱ airȱ onȱ aȱ digitalȱ NASAȱ Publicȱ Servicesȱ
InformationȱonȱotherȱcurrentȱNASAȱactivitiesȱisȱ
(ȈFreeȱ toȱ AirȈ)ȱ channel,ȱ forȱ whichȱ onlyȱ aȱ basicȱ
availableȱat:ȱ
IRDȱwillȱbeȱneeded.ȱTheȱscheduleȱforȱtelevisionȱ
transmissionsȱ fromȱ theȱ orbiterȱ andȱ forȱ missionȱ http://www.nasa.gov/home
briefingsȱwillȱbeȱavailableȱduringȱtheȱmissionȱatȱ ResourcesȱforȱeducatorsȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱatȱtheȱfolȬ
Kennedyȱ Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Fla.;ȱ Marshallȱ Spaceȱ lowingȱaddress:ȱ
Flightȱ Center,ȱ Huntsville,ȱ Ala.;ȱ Drydenȱ Flightȱ
http://education.nasa.gov
Researchȱ Center,ȱ Edwards,ȱ Calif.;ȱ Johnsonȱ
Spaceȱ Center,ȱ Houston;ȱ andȱ NASAȱ HeadquarȬ

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ȱ

PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS

ȱ
HEADQUARTERS RobȱNaviasȱ
WASHINGTON, DC ProgramȱandȱMissionȱOperationsȱLeadȱ
281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ
AllardȱBeutelȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ LynnetteȱMadisonȱ
SpaceȱOperationsȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ
202Ȭ358Ȭ4769ȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱandȱEngineeringȱ
281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ
KatherineȱTrinidadȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ KENNEDY SPACE CENTER
SpaceȱOperationsȱ FLORIDA
202Ȭ358Ȭ3749ȱ
GeorgeȱDillerȱ
JohnȱYembrickȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱ
SpaceȱOperationsȱ 321Ȭ867Ȭ2468ȱ
202Ȭ358Ȭ0602ȱ
TracyȱYoungȱ
MichaelȱBraukusȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱOfficerȱ InternationalȱSpaceȱStationȱ
InternationalȱPartnersȱ 321Ȭ867Ȭ2468ȱ
202Ȭ358Ȭ1979ȱ
MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
JOHNSON SPACE CENTER HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA
HOUSTON, TEXAS
DomȱAmatoreȱ
JamesȱHartsfieldȱ PublicȱAffairsȱManagerȱ
NewsȱChiefȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ
281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ
JuneȱMaloneȱ
KyleȱHerringȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ NewsȱChief/MediaȱManagerȱ
SpaceȱShuttleȱProgramȱOfficeȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ
281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ
SteveȱRoy
KylieȱClemȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialist
PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ SpaceȱShuttleȱPropulsion
MissionȱOperationsȱandȱFlightȱCrewȱOperationsȱ 256Ȭ544Ȭ0034ȱ
281Ȭ483Ȭ5111ȱ

JULY 2007
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 ȱ
ȱ
STENNIS SPACE CENTER GLENN RESEARCH CENTER
MISSISSIPPI CLEVELAND, OHIO
LindaȱTheobaldȱ LoriȱRachulȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ NewsȱChiefȱ
228Ȭ688Ȭ3249ȱ 216Ȭ433Ȭ8806ȱ

PaulȱFoermanȱ KatherineȱMartinȱ
NewsȱChiefȱ PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ
228Ȭ688Ȭ1880ȱ 216Ȭ433Ȭ2406ȱ

RebeccaȱStreckerȱ LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER

PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ HAMPTON, VIRGINIA
228Ȭ688Ȭ3346ȱ
H.ȱKeithȱHenryȱ
AMES RESEARCH CENTER Deputy,ȱOfficeȱofȱPublicȱAffairsȱ
MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA 757Ȭ864Ȭ6120ȱ

MikeȱMewhinneyȱ UNITED SPACE ALLIANCE

NewsȱChiefȱ
650Ȭ604Ȭ3937ȱ MikeȱCurieȱ
SpaceȱProgramȱOperationsȱContractȱ
JonasȱDinoȱ HoustonȱOperationsȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ 281Ȭ483Ȭ9251ȱ
650Ȭ604Ȭ5612ȱ 321Ȭ861Ȭ3805ȱ

DRYDEN FLIGHT RESEARCH CENTER TracyȱYatesȱ

CALIFORNIA FloridaȱOperationsȱ
321Ȭ861Ȭ3956ȱ
AlanȱBrownȱ
NewsȱChiefȱ BOEING
661Ȭ276Ȭ2665ȱ
EdȱMemiȱ
LeslieȱWilliamsȱ MediaȱRelationsȱ
PublicȱAffairsȱSpecialistȱ BoeingȱNASAȱSystemsȱ
661Ȭ276Ȭ3893ȱ 281Ȭ226Ȭ4029ȱ

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