HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS

BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

Load on the frame

Unfactored Factored load Total factored load

load type load KN/m2 Load factor KN/m2 on the frame KN
Imposed load 0.75 1.6 1.2 158
Dead load 0.43 1.4 0.6 79
Total 237
Total factored load on the frame per meter (total load / L) = 237/20.754 = 11.42
KN/m
Ref → (Fig 11.1 page 64: IStructE EC3 steel Design Manual)

1.0 Fig 1.0 Portal frame sizing of rafters and stanchions

→ r = 2.79 → h = 7.22
→ L = 20.75 → bay spacing s = 7.00

a) Span / height ratio (L / h) = 2.87

b) Rise / span ratio ( r / L) = 0.13

c) wL = total factored load x span = 11.42 x 20.75 = 237 KN

wL2 = total factored load x span2 = 11.42 x 20.752 = 4918.70 KNm

Design load (kN) wL = 237 KN wL2 = 4918.70 kNm

d) Horizontal force ratio at the base HFR from /L and /h

r L
→
HFR = 0.2
(From graph Fig 11.2 page 65: IStructE EC3 steel Design Manual)

e) Horizontal force at base of span H = HFR . wL = 47.4 kN

f) Rafter Mp ratio MPR from /L and

r L
/h → MPR = 0.033
 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

(From graph Fig 11.3 page 65: IStructE EC3 steel Design Manual)

g) Mp required in the rafter MP(rafter) = MPR . wL2 = 162.32 kNm

h) Stanchion MP ratio from /L and /h

r L
→MPI = 0.064
(Fig 11.4 page 66: IStructE EC3 steel Design Manual)

i) MP required in the stanchion MP(stanchion) = MPI . wL2 = 314.80 kNm

j) Plastic moduli for the rafter SXR and stanchion SXL

→ WPFy = MP(rafter) / Fy = 590.24 cm3

→ WPFy = MP(stanchion) / Fy = 1144.72 cm3

Using the above plastic moduli, the rafter and stanchion section may be chosen from the range of
plastic sections.

k) → Rafter section size = 305x127x42 BS 5950-1 2000, BS4-1 2005 (159)

→ Stanchion section size = 254x254x73 BS 5950-1 2000, BS4-1 2005 (164)
→ Moment capacity for rafter Mcx = 169 KNm BS 5950-1 2000, BS4-1 2005 (210)
→ Momemnt capacity for column Mcx = 273 KNm BS 5950-1 2000, BS4-1 2005 (211)
Therefore adopt 254x254x73 for both stanchion and rafter
2.0 Sway check method including snap through check

Fig 2.0

Ds

Dh

Lh

a) General (CI.5.5.4.2.1)

→ L ≤ 5h, (where L = 20.75 and h = 7.22) = 5 x 7.22 36.12 m therefore Ok

→ r ≤ 0.25L,(where r = 2.79 and L = 20.75) = 0.25x20.75 5.19 m therefore Ok
 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

Therefore the frame dimension are within the limit allowed for sway check
For plastic design the plastic load factor λp must not be less than the required load factor λr

b) For Gravity loads (CI. 5.5.4.2.2)

→ Lb / D ≤ 44L / Ωh (ῥ/4 + (ῥLr / L)) . (275/Pyr) then λr = 1.0

Where D is the cross-sectional depth of the rafter 307.2 mm

Dh is the additional depth of the haunch below the rafter, say 230 mm
Ds is the depth of the rafter allowing for slope = D / cos q 318.05 mm
h is the mean height of the column 7.22 m
Ic is the in-plane second moment of area of the columns 11400 cm4
Ir is the in-plane second moment of area of the rafter 8200 cm4
L is the span of the bay 20.75 m
q is the angle of the rafters or roof 0.26 radians
Lb is the effective span of the bay 19.01 m

1 → Lb = L - ((2 x Dh) / (Ds + Dh)) . Lh

where Lh = length of haunch say, span/10 = 2.08 m

→ 20.75 - ((2 x 230) / (263.07 + 230)) x 2.08 = 19.01 m

therefore Lb = 18.82m

Lr is the total developed length of the rafter, L / cos q 21.49 m

Fy is the design strength of the rafters 275 N/mm2
wL is the total factored vertical load on the rafters of the bay 237 kN
Sx is the plastic modulus (BS 5950-1 2000, BS4-1 2005 (163)) 614 m3

Wo is the maximum load that can be placed on the rafter treated as a fixed ended beam of
span L (i.e Mmax = WoL / 16 = Sx . Fy, therefore Wo = 16 . Sx . Fy / L)

→ Wo = (16 x 614 x 10 3
x 275 x 103) / (20.75 x 103) = 130.17 kN

→ ῥ = (2Ic / Ir) . (L / h) = (2 x 614 / 11400) x (20.75 x 7.22) = 7.99

→ Ω = wL / Wo = 237 / 130.17 = 1.82

therefore equating the equations above gives:
 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

→ Lb / D ≤ (44 x 20.75) / (7.99/ ((4 +7.99 x 21.49) / 20.75)) x (275/275) = 65.54

→ Lb / D = 18.82 / 0.3072 = 61.888 ˂ 65.54 Ok

therefore λr may be taken as 1.0 and the frame is stable under this load combination

2 The required collapse factor is given by:

→ λr = λsc / (λsc - 1)

→ λsc = 220DL / ΩhLb (ῥ / (4 + ῥLr) / L) . (275 / Fy)

→ λsc = ((220 x 307.2 x 20.75) / (1.82 x 7.22 x 18.82)) x (7.99/((4 + 7.99 x 21.49)/20.75) x (275 / 275)

→ λsc = 5.29

therefore λr = 7.09 / (7.09 - 1) = 1.23

Therefore, for this load case, λp must not be less than 1.24. The actual value of λp would depend on
the magnitude of the applied horizontal loads but generally λp would be greater than λr. In this design
it is assumed that the gravity load case critical.

3.0 Snap Through Method (CI. 5.5.4.3)

This frame only has one bay therefore the snap through check is not required.

4.0 Column Stability

a) The plastic hinge at the bottom of the haunch must be provided with torsional restraint (i.e both flanges
should have lateral restraint). The simplest and most common way to do this is with stays back to a
substancial side rail. A further lateral restraint to the compression flange will be required at a distance
Lm from the hinge location (CI.5.3.3). Conservatively, the distance Lm must not exceed Lu given by:

→ Lu = 38ry / ((fc / 130) + (x / 36)2 . (Fy/275)2)0.5 (BS 5950 - 1:2000) ( BS4 - 1:2005)
The section (254 x 254 x73kg UC S275) has the following properties:
ry 6.48 cm
x 17.3
A 93.1 cm2
fc is the compressive stress in the column due to axial force = wL / (2A)

→ fc = 237x 103 / ( 2 x 93.1 x 102) = 12.73 N/mm2

 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

b) Lu = (38 x 6.48 x 10 ) / ((12.73/130) + ((17.3/36) ) x((275/275) ))
2 2 0.5
= 6.95 m

Provided that the conditions are satisfied the limiting distance Lu can be increased by allowing for the
shape of bending moment diagram, between the torsional restraint at the plastic hinge and adjacent
lateral restraint to the compression flange, by using the factor Ø. Try restrains at a distance half way
up the column at 3.36m away from the plastic hinge position.

Cross-sectional depth of rafter and column D = 307.2mm

Angle of slope q = 15
Moment at plastic hinge kNm 350

7.22 7.17
plastic hinge position

6.72

c) The moment at plastic hinge equals 350kNm. The moment at a point half way up the column
equals 350 / 2 175 kNm

→ Applying Clause 5.3.3 (b) of BS 5950 - 1 gives

→ β = 175 / 350 0.5

→ βu = 0.44 + (x / 270) - (fc / 200) = 0.44

β is less than 1 and greater than βu therefore Ø = 0.5

→ Lm = Ø . Lu = 0.5 x 6.95 = 3.47 m

No increase in the value of Lm can be obtained by this method in this case. Therefore assume that
Lm cannot be increased beyond 6.95m by using this method for this section.
 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD

d) Taking Account of Restraint On One Flange

Consider the length between the plastic hinge and the next lateral restraint to the compression flange
taking advantage of intermediate lateral restraint on the tension flange provided by the side rails. If it is
assumed that the side rails will be spaced at 1m intervals (i.e < Lm) this requirement is satisfied.
CI 5.3.4 of BS 5950 - 1 gives the limiting spacing Ls of restraints for S275 steel as:

→ Ls = 620ry / (K1 (72 - (100/x)2)0.5)

→ (620 x 11.1 x 10) / (1 x (72 - (100 / 17.3) ) ) =

2 0.5
6.47 m

It is likely that Annex G of BS 5950 - 1 would allow the spacing of the restraints to be increased.
Alternatively, the length between the lateral restraints adjacent to the plastic hinge could be placed at
1.5m spacing and is adequate.

5.0 Rafter Stability

The rafter stability needs to be checked in the eaves region and in the apex region. The eaves region
is usually critical for the vertical load case. The apex region of the rafter is more critical under the
horizontal load case, where uplift has occurred and the bottom flange of the rafter is in compression.
For vertical Loading the greater part of the rafter length will be subject to a sagging moment, with the
top flange in compression. The top of the flange rafter will be restrained at intervals by the purlins and
in elastic region away from plastic hinge, the rafter can be checked by normal rules of Clause 4.3 of
BS 5950 -1. Theis is normally a check that is easily satisfied. The plastic hinge near the apex must be
torsionally restrained, which is usually achieved using fly braces to the purlins.

6.0 Eaves Region - Haunch Stability CI 5.3.4 Approach

Section 305 x 127 x 42
For S275 the simplified method gives the minimum distance between lateral restraints as:

→ Ls = 620ry / (K1 (72 - (100/x)2)0.5)

→ Dh / Ds = 230 / 263.07 = 0.7 therefore take K1 = 1.25

→ (620 x 2.7 x 10) / (1.25 x (72 - (100 / 26.5) ) 2 0.5

)= 1.76 m

Assuming that the haunch length is 10% of the span (2.075m long) Ls is less than the length of the
Haunch. A restraint would be required at about 1.7m from the column face. Conservatively a further
restraint is also required at 3.4m from the column face. CI 5.5.5 of BS 5950 - 1 allows the point of
contraflexure to be treated as a virtual lateral restraint to the bottome flange provided the purlins and
their connections to the rafter are capable of providing torsional restraint to the top flange of the rafter.
 HDP CONSULTING ENGINEERS
BS5950-1:2000
Morupole Stores Warehouse PORTAL FRAME DESIGN Steel Design EC3 SHEET No.

Dwg-LA/MORU/200-204 CALCULATIONS BY - T.S DATE - March 2014 CHECKED BY - HD