Group 1:
a)Lithium,Sodium and
Potassium have similar
chemical properties but differ
in reactivity
b)The reacticity of Group 1
increases when going down the
group.
c)Alkali metal react with water
to produce alkaline hydroxide
solutions.
For example:
2Li+2H2O -> 2LiOH + H2
d)Alkali metal react with
oxygen gas to produce white
solid metal oxide.
For example:
4Li + O2 -> 2Li2O
e)Alkali metal burns in
chlorince gas to form white
solid metal chloride.
For example:
2Li + Cl2 -> 2LiCl
f)Alkali metal burn in bromine
gas to form metal bromides.
For example:
2Li + Br2 -> 2LiBr
Transition elements:
Special properties:
Group 17:
i)Chemical Properties
a)Group 17 elements react with
water,metal,and alakali.
b)Halogen react with water to form 2
acids.
For example:
Cl2+H2O -> HCl +HOCl
c)Halogen react with hot iron to form a
brown solid, iron(III) halides.
For example:
3Cl2 + 2Fe -> 2FeCl3
d)Halogen react with sodium
hydroxide solution,NaOH to form
sodium halide, sodium halite and
water.
For example:
Cl2 + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaOCl + H2O
e)Chlorine,bromine and iodine have
same chemical properties but different
in reactivity.
Group 18:
Inert properties:
a)The outermost shell of each
element in Group 18 is full of
electrons.
b)Helium has 2 valence electron.This
is called duplet electron
arrangement.
c)Neon,argon, and other noble gases
have 8 valence electrons. This is
called octet electron arrangement.
d)These electron arrangement are
very stable.
e)Therefore,Noble gases are
chemically unreactive or known as
inert.
f)They do not need to gain,lose or
share electrons with other element.
Uses in daily life:
i)Helium gas is used to fill airship
and weather balloons.
ii)Neon gas is used in advertising
lights and television tubes.
iii)Argon is used to fill light bulbs
iv)Krypton gas is used in laser to
repair the retina of the eye. It is also
used to fill photographic flash lamps.
Elements across Period 3:
Changes across Period 3.
i)The atomic size decreases
across Period 3 from left to right.
When across Period 3 from left to
right:
1.All the atoms elements have 3
shell.
2.The number of protons in the
nucleus increases. This increase
the positive charge of the
nucleus.
3.As a result, the attraction force
between the nucleus and the
electrons becomes stronger.
4.Electrons are pulled closer to
the nucleus, causing the atomic
sice to decrease.
ii)The electronegativity of
element increases across Period
3.
When across period 3 from left to
right:
1.The atomic size decreases.
2.The number of proton
increases.This increases the
positive charge of nucleus.
3.As a result,the force attraction
between the nucleus and the
electrons in the outermost shell
becomes stronger.
4.Thisi ncrease the tendency to
attract electrons across the
priod.
5.Therefore, electronegativity
increases.