1. Explain clearly, four main application of HECRAS in Hydraulic Engineering
(12 marks) 2. Discuss critical depth determination. (8 marks) 3. Discuss energy, mass and momentum equation. (12 marks)
4. An engineer is to analyze flow in an open channel. The channel is designed to be constricted by
placing bridge embankment at both sides of the channel. Explain the consequences due to the constriction. (8 marks) 5. A spillway discharges a flood flow at a rate of q = 7.75 m3/s per meter width. At the downstream horizontal apron the depth of flow was found to be 0.50 m. What tail water depth, y2 is needed to form a hydraulic jump? If a jump is formed, find its (i) Type of jump, (ii) Energy loss, (iii) Percentage of energy loss to the initial energy (iv) Power dissipated per meter width of the channel (10 marks)