Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL, AND MECHATRONICS

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ECE 415
SIGNALS, SPECTRA, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

LABORATORY ACTIVITY NO. 3

THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM

MALIGLIG, ABBYGALE D.
ECE - 4201

ENGR. RALPH GERARD B. SANGALANG

Instructor

APRIL 18, 2018

Laboratory Exercise 3

Develop an algorithm to display the different components of a transformed function and name the
function disp_dtft. The function should have an input that determines how many equally
spaced points are displayed. The function should also display the sequence.

function [X]= disp_dtft(x,n,w,k)

X=x*exp(-j*n'*w);
magX=abs(X); angX=angle(X);
realX=rea;(X); imagX=imag(X);
subplot(2,2,1); stem(k/500,magX); xlabel('Frequency in /pi Units');
title('Magnitude Part');
subplot(2,2,3); stem(k/500,angX/pi); xlabel('Frequency in /pi Units');
title('Angle Part');
subplot(2,2,2); stem(k/500,realX); xlabel('Frequency in /pi Units');
title('Real Part');
subplot(2,2,4); stem(k/500,imagX); xlabel('Frequency in /pi Units');
title('Imaginary Part');

Write a MATLAB function to compute the DTFT of finite-duration sequence. The format of the
function should be

Function [X] = dtft(x,n,w)

% Computes Discrete-time fourier transform
% [X] = dtft(x,n,w)
% X = DTFT values computed at w frequencies
% x = finite duration sequence over n
% n = sample position vector
% w = frequency location vector

function [X] = dtft(x,n,w)

% Computes Discrete-time Fourier Transform
% [X] = dtft(x,n,w)
% X = DTFT values computed at w frequencies
% x = finite duration sequence over n (row vector)
% n = sample position row vector
% w = frequency row vector
X = x*exp(-j*n’*w);
end
 Develop several functions that determines the different properties of the DTFT, i.e. Linearity,
Time Shifting, Frequency Shifting, Conjugation, Folding and Symmetry.

Linearity
function[L] = linearity(x1,x2,n,k)
alpha = 2; beta = 3;
L = alpha*x1 + beta*x2;
X1=dtft (x1,n,k);
X2 = dtft (x2,n,k);
X3 = dtft (L,n,k);
L1 = alpha*X1 + beta*X2;
error = max(abs(X3-L1))

Time Shifting
function [S] = shift (x,n,w,m1)
X = x*exp(-j*n'*w);
y = x;
m = n-m1;
Y = x*exp(-j*m'*w);
Y_check = (exp(-j*2).^w).*X;
error = max(abs(Y-Y_check))

Frequency Shifting
function [F] = frequency(x,n,w,yn)
% yn is the frequency phase shift
X = x*exp(-j*n'*w);
Y = yn.*x;
Y1 = Y*exp(-j*n'*w);

Conjugation
function [C] = conjugate (x,n,w)
X = dtft(x,n,w);
y = conj(x);
Y = dtft(y,n,w);
Y_check = conj(fliplr(X));
error = max(abs(Y-Y_check))

Folding
function [F] = folding (x,n,w)
X = dtft (x,n,w);
y = fliplr(x);
m = (-1).*(fliplr(n));
Y = dtft (y,m,w);
% verification
Y_check = fliplr(X);
error = max(abs(Y-Y_check))
Symmetry
function [Y] = symetry (x,n,w)
X = dtft(x,n,w);
[xe,xo,m] = evenodd(x,n);
XE = dtft (xe,m,w);
XO = dtft (xo,m,w);
XR = real(X); % verification
error1 = max(abs(XE-XR))
XI = imag(X);
error2 = max(abs(XO-j*XI))

Use the function dtft to show the transforms of the following sequences. Plot over the interval
−𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋. Use 1001 equally spaced points.

1. 𝑥[𝑛] = (0.6)|𝑛| (𝑢[𝑛 + 10]) − 𝑢[𝑛 − 11])

%1
[x11,n11] = stepseq(-10,-11,11);
[x12,n12] = stepseq(11,-11,11);
[x13,n13] = sigadd(x11,n11,-x12,n12);
n1 = n13;
x1 = (0.6 .^ abs(n1)).*x13;
w1 = linspace(-pi,pi,201);
X1 = dtft(x1,n1,w1);
mag1 = abs(X1);
pha1 = angle(X1);
subplot(2,1,1); %Magnitude response
plot(w1/pi,mag1);
axis([-1 1 0 4.5]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('|X|');
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2); %Phase Response
plot(w1/pi,pha1*180/pi);
axis([-1,1,-180,180]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('Degrees');
title('Phase Response');
 2. 𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑛(0.9)𝑛 (𝑢[𝑛]) − 𝑢[𝑛 − 2])

%2
[x21,n21] = stepseq(0,0,22);
[x22,n22] = stepseq(21,0,22);
[x23,n23] = sigadd(x21,n21,-x22,n22);
n2 = n23; x2 = n2.*(0.9 .^ n2).*x23;
w2 = linspace(-pi,pi,201);
X2 = dtft(x2,n2,w2);
mag2 = abs(X2);
pha2 = angle(X2);
subplot(2,1,1); %Magnitude response
plot(w2/pi,mag2);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('|X|');
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2); %Phase Response
plot(w2/pi,pha2*180/pi);
axis([-1,1,-200,200]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi’');
ylabel('Degrees');
title('Phase Response')
 3. 𝑥[𝑛] = [𝑐𝑜𝑠0.5𝜋 + 𝑗𝑠𝑖𝑛0.5𝜋𝑛](𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 51])

%3
[x31,n31] = stepseq(0,0,52);
[x32,n32] = stepseq(51,0,52);
[x33,n33] = sigadd(x31,n31,-x32,n32);
n3 = n33;
x3 = (cos(0.5*pi*n3)+1i*sin(0.5*pi*n3)).*x33;
w3 = linspace(-pi,pi,201);
X3 = dtft(x3,n3,w3);
mag3 = abs(X3);
pha3 = angle(X3);
subplot(2,1,1); %Magnitude response
plot(w3/pi,mag3);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('|X|');
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2); %Phase Response
plot(w3/pi,pha3*180/pi);
axis([-1,1,-200,200]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('Degrees');
title('Phase Response')
 4. 𝑥[𝑛] = {4,3,2,1,1,2,3,4}

%4
x4 = [4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4];
n4 = [0:7];
w4 = linspace(-pi,pi,201);
X4 = dtft(x4,n4,w4);
mag4 = abs(X4);
pha4 = angle(X4);
subplot(2,1,1); %Magnitude response
plot(w4/pi,mag4);
axis([-1,1,0,25]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('|X|');
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2); %Phase Response
plot(w4/pi,pha4*180/pi);
axis([-1,1,-200,200]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('Degrees');
title('Phase Response');
 5. 𝑥[𝑛] = {4,3,2,1, −1, −2, −3, −4}

%5
x5 = [4 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3 -4];
n5 = [0:7];
w5 = linspace(-pi,pi,201);
X5 = dtft(x5,n5,w5);
mag5 = abs(X5);
pha5 = angle(X5);
subplot(2,1,1); %Magnitude response
plot(w5/pi,mag5);
axis([-1 1 0 20]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('|X|');
title('Magnitude response');
subplot(2,1,2); %Phase Response
plot(w5/pi,pha5*180/pi);
axis([-1,1,-200,200]);
xlabel('\omega/\pi');
ylabel('Degrees');
title('Phase Response')