Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA1020 Series & Matrices

Assignment-4 Linear Systems & Eigenvalue Problem

1. Solve the following system by Gauss-Jordan elimination:

x1 +x2 +x3 +x4 −3x5 = 6

2x1 +3x2 +x3 +4x4 −9x5 = 17
x1 +x2 +x3 +2x4 −5x5 = 8
2x1 +2x2 +2x3 +3x4 −8x5 = 14

2. Let A ∈ Fm×n have columns A1 , . . . , An . Let b ∈ Fm . Show the following:

(a) The equation Ax = 0 has a non-zero solution iff A1 , . . . , An are linearly dependent.
(b) The equation Ax = b has at least one solution iff b ∈ span{A1 , . . . , An }.
(c) The equation Ax = b has at most one solution iff A1 , . . . , An are linearly independent.
(d) The equation Ax = b has a unique solution iff rank A = rank[A|b] = number of unknowns.

3. Check if the system is consistent. If so, determine the solution set.

(a) x1 −x2 +2x3 −3x4 = 7, 4x1 +3x3 +x4 = 9, 2x1 −5x2 +x3 = −2, 3x1 −2x2 −2x3 +10x4 = −12.
(b) x1 −x2 +2x3 −3x4 = 7, 4x1 +3x3 +x4 = 9, 2x1 −5x2 +x3 = −2, 3x1 −2x2 −2x3 +10x4 = −14.

4. Using Gauss-Jordan elimination determine the values of k ∈ R so that the system of linear equations
x + y − z = 1, 2x + 3y + kz = 3, x + ky + 3z = 2
has (a) no solution, (b) infinitely many solutions, (c) exactly one solution.

5. Find the eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors for the matrices given below.
 
      −2 0 3
3 10 13 2 −2 −1
(a) (b) (c) (d)  −2 3 0 
8 −1 −1 0 15 12
10 0 5

6. Let A ∈ Cn×n be invertible. Show that λ ∈ C is an eigenvalue of A if and only if 1/λ is an eigenvalue
of A−1 .

7. Let A be an n × n matrix and α be a scalar such that each row (or each column) sums to α. Show that
α is an eigenvalue of A.

8. Give an example of an n × n matrix that cannot be diagonalized.

9. Find the matrix A ∈ R3×3 that satisfies the given condition. Diagonalize it if possible.

(a) A(a, b, c)T = (a + b + c, a + b − c, a − b + c)T for all a, b, c ∈ R.

(b) Ae1 = 0, Ae2 = e1 , Ae3 = e2 .
(c) Ae1 = e2 , Ae2 = e3 , Ae3 = 0.
(d) Ae1 = e3 , Ae2 = e2 , Ae3 = e1 .

10. Which of the following matrices is/are diagonalizable? If one is diagonalizable, then diagonalize it.
       
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
(a)  1 −1 1  (b)  0 1 1  (c)  1 1 0  (d) 1 0 1 .
1 1 −1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0