SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

1. (a) Show that the following function is continuous and differentiable at 𝑥 = 1. Sketch
the graph of 𝑓.

𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥, 𝑥>1

Tunjukkan bahawa fungsi berikut adalah selanjar dan terbezakan pada 𝑥 = 1.

Lakarkan graf bagi 𝑓

𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
2𝑥, 𝑥>1

(20 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(1) = 2, so 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 1.
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

So 𝑓 ′ (1) = 2.

1. (b) Determine the critical points and locate any relative minima, maxima and saddle
of function 𝑓 defined by

𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥
Tentukan titik-titik kritikal dan dapatkan sebarang nilai-nilai minima, maksima dan
pelana bagi fungsi 𝑓 yang diberi oleh

𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 − 6𝑥

(30 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION

local minimum at the point (2,-1,f(2,-1)) = (2,-1,-6).

SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

1. (c) A 15 ft ladder is leaning against a wall. If the top of the ladder slips down the wall
at a rate of 5 ft/s, how fast will the foot be moving away from the wall when the top
is 9 ft above the ground?
Sebuah tangga adalah bersandar pada suatu dinding. Jika bahagian atas tangga
tergelincir ke bawah dinding pada kadar 5 kaki/s, berapa cepatkah kaki tangga
akan beralih daripada dinding itu apabila puncak tangga adalah 9 𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑖 daripada
tanah.
SOLUTION
15
4
ft/s.

𝑑𝑦
2. (a) Given 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 5 = 1. Find by expressing your answer in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
Diberi 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 5 = 1. Dapatkan dengan menyatakan jawapan anda dalam
𝑑𝑥

sebutan 𝑥 dan 𝑦.

(20 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION
𝑑𝑦 15𝑥 4 − 𝑦 − 1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥

2. (b) A balloon is being inflated by pumped air at the rate of 2 cubic cm per second. How
1
fast is the diameter of the balloon increasing when its radius is 2
cm?

Sebiji belon dikembungkan dengan pengepaman udara pada kadar 2 cm padu

sesaat. Berapa cepatkah diameter belon itu akan meningkat apabila jejarinya ialah
1
2
cm?

(30 Marks/Markah)

SOLUTION

≈ 1.273cm per second

SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

2. (c) A wire L units long is cut into three pieces. The first piece is bent into a square, the
second into a circle, and the third into an equilateral triangle. Find the dimensions
of cutting up the wire that will produce

(i) a minimum total area of the square, circle and triangle

(ii) the maximum total area of the square, circle and triangle
(Let the length of the first piece be 4𝑥, the second be 2𝜋𝑦, and the third be 3𝑧)

Seutas wayar panjangnya L unit telah dipotong kepada 3 keping. Kepingan

pertama dibengkokkan menjadi sebuah segiempat sama, kepingan yang kedua
menjadi sebuah bulatan dan yang ketiga menjadi sebuah segitiga sama sisi.
Dapatkan dimensi pemotongan wayar itu supaya menghasilkan

(i) jumlah keluasan minimum bagi segiempat sama, bulatan dan segitiga itu.
(ii) jumlah keluasan maksima bagi segiempat sama, bulatan dan segitiga itu.
(Biarkan panjang kepingan wayar pertamanya 4𝑥, yang kedua 2𝜋𝑦, dan yang
ketiga 3𝑧)
SOLUTION

√3 2
𝐴 = 𝑥 2 + 𝜋𝑦 2 + 𝑧
4
The constraint is
𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 4𝑥 + 2𝜋𝑦 + 3𝑧 − 𝐿 = 0
∇𝐴 and ∇𝑔 are
√3
∇𝐴 = (2𝑥, 2𝜋𝑦, 𝑧)
2
∇𝑔 = (4,2𝜋, 3)

Let
∇𝐴 = 𝜆∇𝑔
√3
(2𝑥, 2𝜋𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝜆(4,2𝜋, 3)
2

Hence,
2𝑥 = 4𝜆 2𝜋𝑦 = 2𝜋𝜆
𝑥 = 2𝜆 ` 𝑦=𝜆
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

√3
𝑧 = 3𝜆
2
𝑧 = 2√3𝜆

Substitute in the constraint equation,

0 = 4(2𝜆) + 2𝜋(𝜆) + 3(2√3𝜆) − 𝐿
𝐿 = 2𝜆(4 + 𝜋 + 3√3)
𝐿
𝜆=
2(4 + 𝜋 + 3√3)

Therefore,
√3
𝐴 = 4𝜆2 + 𝜋𝜆2 + (2√3𝜆)2 ( )
4
= 𝜆2 (4 + 𝜋 + 3√3)
𝐿2
=
4(4 + 𝜋 + 3√3)

we must also consider the “boundary” values when 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 or 𝑧 = 0.

When 𝑥 = 0,
0 = 4(0) + 2𝜋(𝜆) + 3(2√3𝜆) − 𝐿
𝐿 = 2𝜆(𝜋 + 3√3)
𝐿
𝜆=
2(𝜋 + 3√3)

Therefore,
√3
𝐴 = (0)2 + 𝜋(𝜆)2 + (2√3𝜆)2 ( )
4
= 𝜆2 (𝜋 + 3√3)

𝐿2
=
4(𝜋 + 3√3)

When 𝑦 = 0,
0 = 4(2𝜆) + 2𝜋(0) + 3(2√3𝜆) − 𝐿
𝐿 = 2𝜆(4 + 3√3)
𝐿
𝜆=
2(4 + 3√3)

Therefore,
√3 2
𝐴 = (2𝜆)2 + 𝜋(0)2 + (2√3𝜆)
4
= 𝜆2 (4 + 3√3)
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

𝐿2
=
4(4 + 3√3)

When 𝑧 = 0,
0 = 4(2𝜆) + 2𝜋(𝜆) + 3(0) − 𝐿
𝐿 = 2𝜆(4 + 𝜋)
𝐿
𝜆=
2(4 + 𝜋)

Therefore,
√3
𝐴 = (2𝜆)2 + 𝜋(𝜆)2 + (0)2
4
= 𝜆2 (4 + 𝜋)
𝐿2
=
4(4 + 𝜋)

Thus, the maximum area,

𝐿2
𝐴=
4(4 + 𝜋)
𝐿 𝐿
occurs when 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 = ,𝑦= .
4+𝜋 2(4+𝜋)
The minimum area,
𝐿2
𝐴=
4(4 + 𝜋 + 3√3)

𝐿 𝐿 √3𝐿
occurs when 𝑥 = 4+𝜋+3 , 𝑦 = 2(4+𝜋+3 , 𝑧 = 4+𝜋+3 .
√3 √3) √3

3. (a) Find the solution of the following equation for which 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0.
Dapatkan penyelesaian bagi persamaan berikut bagi 𝑦 = 1 apabila 𝑥 = 0

(1 + 𝑥 2 )(𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥

(30 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION

y = ( 1+ x2) tan -1 x + ( 1+ x2)

3. (b) By using the undetermined coefficient method, solve the following equation,
Dengan menggunakan kaedah pekali tak tentu, selesaikan persamaan berikut,

𝑑2 𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

(30 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION
3
y = c1 sin x + c2 cos x - x cos x
2

3 (c ) A metal substance is heated to a temperature of 100℃. Then at time 𝑡 = 0 it is

placed in water that is maintained at a temperature, 𝑇𝑜 = 30℃. At the end of the 3
minutes the temperature of the metal substance is reduced to 70℃. Given the rate
of change in temperature, 𝑇 adheres to the Newton’s law of cooling by the following
formula

𝑑𝑇
= 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑑𝑡

Find the time at which the temperature of the metal substance is reduced to 31℃.

Suatu bahan logam dipanaskan ke suhu 100℃ . Pada masa 𝑡 = 0 bahan ini
diletakkan di dalam air yang dikekalkan suhunya pada takat suhu, 𝑇𝑜 = 30℃. Pada
3 minit akhir, suhu bahan logam itu menurun ke 70℃ . Diberi bahawa kadar
perubahan suhu, 𝑇 mematuhi formula hukum penyejukan Newton’s yang berikut

𝑑𝑇
= 𝑘(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑜 )
𝑑𝑡

Cari masa apabila suhu bahan logam itu menurun ke 31℃.

(40 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION

𝑡 = 22.78𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠

4. (a) Find the particular solution of (cos 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 , given that
𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 𝜋.

Dapatkan penyelesaian khusus bagi (cos 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 ,

diberi 𝑦 = 1 apabila 𝑥 = 𝜋.
(35 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

SOLUTION

4. (b) Sketch and evaluate ∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over area bounded by

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 in the first octant.

Lakar dan nilaikan ∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 bagi kawasan yang dibatasi

𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 pada octant pertama.
(30 Marks/Markah)

SOLUTION
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

4. (c) Find the volume of the solid bounded by the graphs shown in Figure Q4.
Dapatkan isipadu pepejal yang dibatasi oleh graf-graf seperti di Rajah S4
𝑧 = 4 − 𝑦2, 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑧=0

Figure Q4(c)
Rajah S4(c)
(40 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION

128
5

5. (a) Determine whether the following limit exists. If it exists, find its value.
Tentukan sama ada had-had berikut wujud. Sekiranya ia wujud, cari nilainya.

3𝑥 3 +16𝑥 2 +28𝑥+16
(i) lim 𝑥 5 +4𝑥 4 +4𝑥 3 +12𝑥+12
𝑥→−2
𝑒 𝑥 ‒1‒𝑥
(ii) lim 𝑥 2
𝑥→0
√𝑥+25−5
(iii) lim
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5
(iv) lim
𝑥→−1 𝑥 2 −7𝑥−8
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
(v) lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) √𝑥 2 +𝑦2 +1 −1

(50 Marks/Markah)
SOLUTION
2
(i)
5
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

1
(ii)
2

(iii)
√𝑥+25−5 1
lim 𝑥
= 10
𝑥→0
4
(iv) = −
9
𝑥 2 + 𝑦2
(v) lim =2
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) √𝑥 2 +𝑦2 +1 −1

𝑑𝑦
(b) Find y (0.5) for 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑦; y (0) = 5, using the numerical Euler’s method. Use the
step size h = 0.1 working through to four decimal places of accuracy.

Then, find the answer using analytical method to compare the accuracy of both
methods.
𝑑𝑦
Cari y (0.5) untuk 𝑑𝑡
= −𝑦; y (0) = 5, menggunakan kaedah berangka Euler.
Gunakan saiz selang h = 0.1 dengan jawapan sehingga empat tempat perpuluhan.

Seterusnya, cari jawapan dengan kaedah analitik untuk membandingkan

ketepatan kedua-dua kaedah.

(50 Marks/Markah)

SOLUTION

Euler:

Analytical -
𝑑𝑦
= −𝑦
𝑑𝑡
1
𝑑𝑦 = −𝑑𝑡
𝑦
SOLUTION- EXAM REPLACEMENT EUM 113

ln 𝑦 = −𝑡 + 𝐶
y (0) = 5:
𝐶 = ln 5

ln 𝑦 = −𝑡 + 𝑙𝑛5
y (0.5)=?

ln 𝑦 = −0.5 + 𝑙𝑛5 = 1.10944

𝑦 = 3.0327

Comparison

|𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 − 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑|
𝑥100 %
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
|3.0327 − 2.95245|
= 𝑥100 %
3.0327
= 2.6 %