SEMESTER 2 2015/2016

POWER SYSTEM 1
EEPB353

ESSAY ASSIGNMENT

NAMES I.D.

1. MUHAMMAD ZAWIR B GULAM EP091941

2. MUHAMMAD HAIRUL AMRI BIN YAHAYA EP091939

LECTURE’S NAME : MISZAINA OSMAN, ASSOC. PROF. DR.

SECTION : 01
SUBMISSION DATE : 10th DISEMBER 2015
INTRODUCTION

In this planet that we call earth we need energy to survive and energy is very important to the
world. Basically energy is produce from a certain source than convert to energy and the result is
work. Human need energy, plant need energy, animal need energy and all the machine need
energy too. Malaysia, is a developing country that need sufficient energy to produce to country
citizen. This is why, Malaysia needs a variety of renewable energy sources to low the cost and
also low CO2 emission.

The data of Malaysia local power industry over the past five years from oil, coal fired, gas,
biomass, solar and hydro.

High gas subsidies, expensive LNG and declining gas production has created a supply security
problem for electricity industry in Malaysia where around 45% of electricity was generated from
natural gas in 2013. Future electricity tariffs in Malaysia are expected to increase in 2016 and
may reflected other source of energy.
Generation from natural gas in 2011 was only 58 TWh: down by more than 12 TWh from 2010
levels. Natural gas shortages led to an increase in the share of both coal and oil: coal share
increased to 36% in 2013 from 34% in 2010 and share of oil increased to 7% in 2013 from 3% in
2010.
Figure 1: Malaysian Power Mix Evolution.

Source: Global Energy and CO2 Data

In 2011, electricity tariffs were increased by 7% and then in 2014 and will keep on rising through
the news in Malaysia.

The economic growth while the population increasing make the total the annual electricity
generation grew by 32.7% from 108.175 Giga watt-hours (GWh) in 2010 to 143.497 GWh in
2013 and continue increased to 158.843 GWh in 2015. The table below shows the percentage of
energy consumption in Malaysia from 2010 to 2015.

Oil Coal Gas Hydro Others Total

Fired Gigawatt
%
-Hours
(GWh)
Malaysia 2010 1.4 41.6 51.5 5.4 0.1 108,175
2013 3.2 38.3 46.9 10.4 1.1 143,497
2015 0.4 43.0 40.1 14.4 2.1 15,843
Tenaga 2010 0.1 43.0 51.6 5.0 0.0 96,495
Nasional 2013 2.5 43.3 49.6 4.6 0.2 120,893
Berhad 2015 0.0 51.5 41.9 4.5 2.1 128,006
Sabah 2010 26.3 0.0 60.0 10.2 3.5 4,332
Electricity 2013 18.0 0.0 58.3 6.6 17.2 7,433
Sdn Bhd 2015 3.0 0.0 85.0 3.3 8.7 8,383
Sarawak 2010 3.6 43.3 45.7 7.4 0.0 7,347
Energy 2013 1.0 20.2 20.0 58.6 0.4 15,171
Berhad 2015 1.7 10.5 12.8 75.0 0.0 22,453

Due to a significant increase in energy consumption each year, the Malaysian government
consider to using nuclear energy as an alternative energy to meet the challenges of energy
consumption in the future.

Countries such as Japan and China have been using nuclear energy as a primary energy but have
their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this assignment will discuss the
construction and use of nuclear energy in Malaysia.
DISCUSSION

The level of economic and industrial development of the country now stands at a level it
considers appropriate to the level expected to enable the absorption of technologies and
capabilities that must be developed, based on Malaysia's position compared with other
countries that have already conducted a nuclear power generation program.

Malaysia government was ready to use nuclear energy terms of human capital development.
Several measures to strengthen human capital development are being implemented. Currently,
Malaysian Nuclear Agency has a total of 322 officers trained researchers in various fields of
nuclear technology and related technology. In addition, the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation has designed and implemented various programs in partnership with national
agencies and other international. These programs include the following aspects:

i. External cooperation to provide in-house training on nuclear power, which is the basic training
level up to expert. This exercise is carried out in stages in preparation for the country to develop
nuclear power plants in the future;

ii. Send the personnel responsible for external training organized by other countries that have
nuclear power plants and international bodies concerned, in particular under the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA) and the
Regional Cooperation Agreement for Research, Development and Training related to Nuclear
Science and Technology in Asia and the Pacific (RCA);
iii. External cooperation for nuclear power group courses in Malaysia and for individual training
medium and long term overseas; and,

iv. Proposed field of study nuclear science and engineering was established at the Institute of
Higher Education, prepared a draft structure of the degree course in nuclear power field, as well
as providing the framework and study subjects for degree courses, professional and semi-
professional with respect to nuclear power, and get expert instructors in the field his worldwide.

Acceptance of Malaysian society in general is very low. However, if Malaysians are given clear
information about the benefits of nuclear energy, negative public sentiment against nuclear use
could be scrapped. Therefore, the government has no problem to implement the use of nuclear
energy in the future.

Institute of higher learning role to ensure a sustainable energy outlook for Malaysia is by expose
the information or education to students about important and implication of nuclear energy.
The other activities of the organization that is to conducted the transfer of technology through
education and training. Nuclear Malaysia has opened its doors to pupils from abroad and local
university students to receive technical training. Through the International Atomic Energy
Agency [IAEA], the Nuclear Malaysia mission specialist for the transfer of knowledge. In addition
to the network of cooperation with local universities such as SMEs, UTHM and UNITEN, become
part of the knowledge management activities. Nuclear Malaysia has helped develop a
curriculum for courses related to nuclear technology.

Public concern on the issue of nuclear energy arises when a description of the advantages of
green and clean energy sources is given less attention by the authorities. What emerges is
negative news such as the atomic bomb, the explosion of the Chernobyl reactor, Tragedy Three
Miles Island and so the wool over the eyes of the public about the advantages of this
technology. In addition, exposure to nuclear in Malaysia is slow causing people lack knowledge
on the matter and there has been concern that excessive.

In my view, the use of nuclear technology as a source of energy for the future should continue,
taking into account various aspects such as security, management, information and in-depth
study. Technology is just a tool managed by humans. To avoid risks, people need to be nurtured
and learn about how to manage technology. More information and explanation should be given
to the public for their understanding of this issue. However, we clearly stand against war crimes
and the use of nuclear technology in warfare must heavily opposed. It is clear that the use of
atomic energy in war will only destroy human life and civilization.

CONCLUSIONS
In the early stages, the construction of a nuclear plant is expensive, but operating costs or the
cost of generating electricity from the plant is far cheaper than coal plants. In terms of cost per
unit, nuclear power is cheaper than petroleum. Its plants also do not require a large area.
Therefore, the cost to generate electricity can be reduced and our economy will be more stable
if nuclear energy is used to generate electricity. In addition to cost savings, production of
nuclear energy does not pollute the environment because nuclear power does not release gases
that can pollute the environment like greenhouse gases. Fossil fuels are said to pollute the
environment and nuclear energy is used to generate electrical energy does not pollute the air.
The main elements released from power plants using fossil fuels is carbon dioxide gas.
Production of fossil fuels would cause the greenhouse effect occurs. The generation of
electricity using nuclear energy will not relieve the gases that pollute the environment such as
those released by fossil fuel production. Thus, the rate of pollution in our country could be
reduced if nuclear energy is used as the main source of electricity generation.

In terms of disadvantages, radioactive materials resulting from the activities of generation of

electricity using nuclear energy are also very dangerous and also very high costs of managing it.
If radioactive material was released into the environment, the radioactive material will last for a
long period of time before it reaches the level of safety to humans. Therefore, nuclear energy
will need close monitoring and continuous.

In addition, nuclear energy depends on the uranium material. Uranium fuel is classified as a
non-replaceable (nonrenewable energy) as well as petroleum and coal. Even now, there are
many sources of Uranium but it will also be reduced if they continue to be used. Therefore, it
will also run out at some point. There are no guarantees of continued uranium because
Malaysia has no Uranium supply because only three major producers of Uranium Kazakhstan,
Canada and Australia

Now, we are open-minded and curious about the benefits of nuclear energy. Therefore, the use
of nuclear technology as an energy source in the future should continue, taking into account
various aspects such as security, management, information and in-depth study. Technology is
just a tool managed by humans. To avoid risks, people need to be nurtured and learn about how
to manage technology.

More information and explanation should be given to the public for their understanding of this
issue so that the benefits of nuclear technology can be enjoyed by all. We no longer consider
that nuclear energy is something that only bring disaster alone. My view now covers the pros
and cons of nuclear energy. At the same time, we also recognize the enormity of the adverse
effects of nuclear energy on humans and the environment if it is less efficient management
occurrence, especially when dealing with nuclear power generation. Other than that, I found
that a country must have a strong knowledge and preparation before deciding to use nuclear
energy because it can cause more harm if people with less preparation or knowledge to handle.

Therefore, we think Malaysia should produce more or a new generation of students in areas
related to nuclear energy to nuclear energy in this country can be efficiently managed.

REFERENCES

1. Warta Nuklear Malaysia

http://www.youblisher.com/p/1051399-Warta-Nuklear-Malaysia-Jilid-7-Bil-2/
2. Master’s Thesis Analysis of the Power System of Malaysia [Melanie Maria Theresia
Mannhart]
file:///C:/Users/hazim/Downloads/Masters_Thesis_Mannhart.pdf
3. Climate Change And Nuclear Power 2009 [International Atomic Energy Agency]
https://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/Pess/assets/09-43781_CCNP-Brochure_E.pdf
4. Preliminary Nuclear Power Reactor Technology Qualitative Assessment For Malaysia
http://www.nuklearmalaysia.org/nuklearmalaysia_org/media/File/JNRT-2010/JNRT-
2010-2-14a.pdf
5. The Sustainability of Nuclear Energy in Southeast Asia: Opportunities and Challenges
https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/NTS-Report-October-2014.pdf