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Formulation and evaluation of herbal shampoo

containing extract of Allium sativum

Article · January 2011

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 Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2(1): Jan. – June 2011

ISSN- 0976- 2981 www.anvpublication.org

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Extract of

Allium sativum
Swarnlata Saraf*, Sunil M. Hargude, Chanchal Deep Kaur and Shailendra Saraf
University Institute of pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G.) – 492010, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: swarnlata_saraf@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT
Allium sativum, family Alliaceae possessess antixidant, antimicrobial, antitumour, antimutagenic, antiinflammatory,
antiviral and antiulcer properties. The aim of this study was to take the benefit of the nature of A. sativum extract and
prepare shampoo incorporating in the herbal constituent base and evaluate this natural herbal shampoo. The herbal
shampoo formulations comprising of aqueous extract of Allium sativum (5% to 30% w/w), coconut oil, castor oil, olive
oil, fragrance were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical parameters and the results showed the production of
stable herbal shampoos. The pH (6.22 ± 0.01 to 5.01± 0.02), percentage of solids (23.21± 0.02 to 25.41± 0.04), , dirt
dispersion, surface tension (37.25 ± 0.45 to 39.87 ± 0.15), viscosity (6.5±0.2 to 5.4±0.2 ), skin irritation test ( no
irritation) and visual stability .Formulations were clear, had good foam formation, foam quality and retention with
proper rheological properties and skin compliances. The formulations with 10 % extract showed best results of
evaluation parameters. The efficacy was in the range 10 % extract containing shampoo (F2) >5 % extract containing
shampoo (F1) > 20 % extract containing shampoo (F3)> 30 % extract containing shampoo (F4).

KEYWORDS: Allium sativum, antimicrobial herbal shampoo, natural compositions.

INTRODUCTION: Formulating cosmetics using completely natural raw

Allium sativum, family Alliaceae has been reported to
possess antixidant, antimicrobial, antitumour,
antimutagenic, antiinflammatory, antiviral and antiulcer
properties. 1 Garlic and its extracts have been used to treat
infections for thousands of years. 2 Allicin (the name being
derived from that of the garlic species Allium sativum) is
considered to be the main biologically active antimicrobial
phytochemical produced in garlic extracts, and was first
recognised as such in 1944. 3
Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment.
Shampoos have primarily been products aimed at cleansing
the hair and scalp. Selected ingredients of shampoo that
have been popular with the consumer are currently under
attack because of potential risks associated with their use
(e.g. halogenated organic compound, formaldehyde, musk
fragrance and crude coal tar). 4
materials is a difficult task. The challenge lies in selecting
materials that can be rationally justified as ‘natural’ and
formulating them into cosmetics whose functionality is
comparable with their synthetic counterparts. 5 Selecting the
evaluation parameters of a shampoo is a challenging task,
simply because of the multitude of both subjective and
instrumental test methodologies available for this purpose.6
A more radical approach in popularizing herbal shampoo
would be to change the consumer expectations from a
shampoo, with emphasis on safety and efficacy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Bulbs of Allium sativum (garlic) were collected and
authentified by the herbarium of University Institute of
Pharmacy, Pt. R.S. University, Raipur and used for the
preparation of extract. Extract was used for shampoo
formulation. Potassium hydroxide, glycerin, ethyl alcohol,
methyl paraben, lemon grass oil , coconut oil , olive oil,
castor oil were purchased from Loba chemicals.

Expression of Allium sativum bulbs:

200 grams of bulbs of Allium sativum were taken and
expressed in hydraulic press (Remi Motors) and the active
constituents were removed with distilled water. Filtered
Received on 10.02.2011 Accepted on 20.03.2011 with muslin cloth and filtrate was allowed to centrifuge at
©A&V Publications all right reserved 2000 rpm. The supernatant was collected and incorporated
Res. J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2(1): Jan. –June 2011 page 18-20 in the shampoo base formula.
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 Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2(1): Jan. – June 2011

Preparation of shampoo:7 Foam Formation (Shake Test):

Coconut oil, olive oil and castor oil were saponified with Test C and Test D are done together make sure your read
potassium hydroxide using reflux condenser. After Test D before you start.
complete saponification, glycerin was incorporated with Took 50 ml of the 1% shampoo solution in a 250 ml
stirring followed by mixing of garlic extract. Ethyl alcohol, graduated cylinder and recorded the volume. Then covered
methyl paraben used as preservative and lemon grass oil the cylinder with hand and shaken 10 times. The total
used for masking the pungent smell of extract. Four volume of the contents was recorded after shaking.
different formulations F1, F2, F3 and F4 were prepared Calculated the volume of the foam and recorded the size of
taking 5%, 10% , 20% and 30 % w/w of extract respectively the bubbles.
as shown in table I given below
Foam Quality and Retention:
Table 1: Composition of formulations of shampoo Immediately after the Shake Test (Test C), time was
Composition of F1 F2 F3 F4 recorded. Recorded the volume of foam at 1-minute
shampoo % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w intervals for 5 minutes as depicted in the Figure 1.
formulations
Coconut oil 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Olive oil 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Surface Tension:
Castor oil 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Prepared 1% v/v solution of shampoo by mixing 2
Potassium hydroxide 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 milliliters (40 drops) of shampoo with 200 ml of distilled
Glycerin 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 water. The shampoo was taken in the beaker and then
Ethyl alcohol 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
Allium sativum extract 5.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
slowly added distilled water. After thorough mixing of
Lemon grass oil 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 shampoo and water the surface tension was measured by
Methyl paraben 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 using stalagmometer (Borosil Pvt. Ltd.).
Distilled water q.s. 100 100 100 100
Skin irritation test:
CHARACTERISATION:8,9 Applied the solution of prepared shampoo on skin and kept
Prepared 1% v/v solution of shampoo formulations by for 5 min and observed for redness of skin and irritation
mixing, 2 milliliters (40 drops) of shampoo with 200 ml of there, were no any red coloration and the irritation to the
distilled water. The shampoo was taken in the beaker and skin
then slowly added distilled water. After thorough mixing of
shampoo and water all the evaluation parameters were Visual stability:
determined. The prepared shampoo was tested for the visual stability for
21 days at room temperature with relative humidity 65±5,
pH: and observed for color change and pH. There were no
1% shampoo solution was used to determined the pH by changes in color and pH of shampoo within 21 days and no
using the pH meter (Elico 243 Sl. No. 1320/2006) any phase separation between oil and water.

Percent of Solids: Viscosity:

Weighed a clean dry evaporating dish and recorded the
initial weight of evaporating dish. 4 grams of shampoo
formulation (not the 1% solution) was taken in the
evaporating dish. Weighed the dish and shampoo and
recorded Initial weight of shampoo and dish. Calculated the
exact weight of the shampoo only and recorded the Initial
weight of shampoo only. Put the evaporating dish with
shampoo on the hot plate until the liquid portion has
evaporated. After drying, weighed the dish and shampoo
solids and results were noted.
Viscosity was determined by using the Ostwald viscometer
(Borosil Pvt. Ltd.).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The results of visual inspection of series of formulations are
listed in Table 1. As can be seen, all formulations were
clear and had the good characteristics with respect to
foaming. The main challenge with this formulation was of
characteristic smell of A. sativum extract. With less
concentration, i.e. formulation F1 and F2 were free from
characteristic smell and were acceptable, but in F2 and F3
the smell was observed.

Table 2: Evaluation of Formulations for physical appearance, pH , Solids and viscosity

Formulation Physical Appearance pH Solids Surface tension Viscosity
Code (%) (dy. /cm) ( Poise)
F1 Clear, good foaming, no characteristic smell 6.22 ± 0.01 23.21± 0.02 38.45 ± 0.22 6.5±0.2
F2 Clear, good foaming, no characteristic smell 5.82 ± 0.03 24.52± 0.01 37.25 ± 0.45 6.1±0.4
F3 Clear, good foaming, slight characteristic smell 5.53± 0.04 25.23± 0.02 39.23 ± 0.13 5.8±0.1
F4 Clear, good foaming, characteristic smell of 5.01± 0.02 25.41± 0.04 39.87 ± 0.15 5.4±0.2
extract observed

19
 Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2(1): Jan. – June 2011
The pH of shampoos has been shown to be important for
improving and enhancing the qualities of hair, the current
trend to promote shampoos of lower pH is one of the ways
to minimize damage to the hair. Mild acidity prevents
swelling and promotes tightening of the scales, there by
inducing shine. 10 As seen from table 2, all the shampoos
were acid balanced and were ranged at pH near to the skin
pH. On increasing the extract concentration the acidity of
the formulation increased. The result of percent of solids
contents is tabulated in table 2, and was found between 23- antimicrobial and antifungal activity that is better approach
26%. As a result, they were easy to wash out. If the
shampoo has too many solids it will be hard to work into
the hair or too hard to wash out. 9
The foam quality and stability of formulations were with economy and consumers compliance.
observed as depicted in figure 2, the volume changed from
115 to 59 for F1, 125 to 67 for F2, 110 to 55 for F3 and 107
to 52 for F4 in five minutes. All the formulations showed
good foam quality and retention but the range was
F2>F1>F3>F4. As foam production and retention is very
important with respect to consumer palatability and
acceptance hence it becomes important evaluation
parameter for the formulations
Figure 1: Change in Foam retention volume with respect to time
It has been mentioned that a proper shampoo should be able
to decrease the surface tension of pure water to about 40
dynes/cm 11. Surface tension values obtained were 38.45 ±
0.22 for F1, 37.25 ± 0.45 for F2, 39.23 ± 0.13 for F3 and
39.87 ± 0.15 for F4. As observed in Figure 2 maximum
reduction was by formulation F2 having 10 % of extract.
The reduction in surface tension of water from 72.8
dynes/cm to 37.25 dynes/ cm by the herbal shampoos is an
indication of their good detergent action.
Figure 2: Surface tension of various shampoo formulations
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The viscosity was in the range 5-6 poise which indicates the
great fluidity, which makes formulation easy to apply on
and easy to spread on hair. Formulated shampoos did not
show any skin irritation on application showing the safety
of the constituents present.
CONCLUSION:
As seen from the results, it is possible to formulate a natural
herbal shampoo by using garlic aqueous juice which has
with respect to various shampoos having synthetic
chemicals as antimicrobial agents. From the above study it
was concluded that all these preliminary physico chemical
and stability studies suggested for utility of herbal shampoo
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Authors are thankful to Department of Science and
Technology for financial assistance under FIST scheme
(SR/FST/LS1-013/2010) and Director University Institute
of Pharmacy, Pt, Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
[C.G.] for providing laboratory and all other facilities
required for this work.
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