and Opportunities
Paolo Monti
Optical Networks Lab (ONLab)
Communication Systems Department (COS)
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Stockholm (Sweden)
ANNUAL INTENSIVE PHD TRAINING COURSE (AITC) – Marie curie project ICONE
Acknowledgements
2
Outline
3
Mobile networks evolution
Ø 5G vision:
o user- and machine-centric communications where access to
information is available anywhere and anytime to anyone and
anything, the so called Networked Society*
4
http://www.ericsson.com/thinkingahead/networked_society
*
What is a transport networks?
Ø and support
ØIdea: look at the current requirements and try to identify possible critical
aspects when having to serve new 5G services
6
M. Fiorani, et al.,"On the Design of 5G Transport Networks," Springer PhotonicNetwork Communications (PNET) Journal, 2015
Backhaul services
Ø Mobile backhaul:
Transport network
ØMacro base station composed of: (1) Antennas, (2) Remote Radio Units
(RRUs), (3) Baseband Unit (BBU)
ØBBU performs baseband signal processing and generates packet-based
backhaul traffic. The backhaul traffic is composed of: data traffic (S1) +
control traffic (X2)
ØBackhaul data traffic is proportional to the data generated by the users 7
Backhaul: dimensioning
8
Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation”, White Paper by NGMN Alliance
*
Peak rate and busy hour
requirements
9
Guidelines for LTE Backhaul Traffic Estimation”, White Paper by NGMN Alliance
*
Backhaul: required bandwidth
Assumption on X2 traffic:
50 Mb/s base rate + 0.3 x S1 traffic
*
ØThe BBUs are decoupled from the base station and centralized in one or more
pools (alternatively also BBU hotels or even BBU clouds)
ØThe transport network is divided in two parts:
o Fronthaul: traffic between RRUs and BBU pool
üCarries the sampled I/Q data generated at the RRU (C1 traffic)
üPopular radio interface for D-RoF is Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI)
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C-RAN - The Road Towards Green RAN; China Mobile White Paper, Version 3.0 (Dec 2013)
*
Fronthaul: capacity requirements
15
Radio coordination benefits and
requirements
Backhaul Fronthaul
Ø Backhaul: X2 connection needs to support delay < 0.5 ms for JP-CoMP (difficult)
Ø Fronthaul: fulfils inherently X2 delay requirements for JP-CoMP < 0.5 ms
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*
Impact of MIMO
T. Pfeiffer, “Next Generation Mobile Fronthaul and Midhaul Architectures”, IEEE/OSA (JONC), 2015
Ø Splitting the wireless processing chain so that the capacity on interface is
dependent on the amount of data to be transmitted over the air
Further study on critical C-RAN technologies”, White Paper by NGMN Alliance
Ø “PHY2” separates processing of user data from processing of cell signals with a bit
rate in the range 0% - 20% of the CPRI bit rate
Ø Split points has impact on Radio coordination (PHY1 and PHY2 still OK) and
energy savings (Layer 1 functions are the most consuming)
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Evolution from 4G to 5G transport
o Benefits of C-RAN from the mobile network side are drastically reduced (some of
the more energy consuming functionality are again distributed)
TC4:
Stadium TC2: Dense
urban
o The massive number
information TC12: Traffic of connected devices
society efficiency and not a major issue: the
safety
TC6: traffic from a large
S: Amazingly fast
Traffic jam number of machines
C: Huge aggregated TC8: Real-time remote
over a geographical
computing for mobile
traffic volumes
terminals area will be aggregated
S: Best experience follows you in the transport
C: Fast reconfigurability of
transport resources
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M. Fiorani, et al., “Challenges for 5G Transport Networks”, in Proc. of IEEE ANTS, 2014.
How to enable these functionalities?
23
M. Fiorani, et al., "On the Design of 5G Transport Networks," Springer Photonic Network Communications (PNET) Journal, 2015
How to add intelligence to transport?
Orchestration
SDN-based
control Radio controller
Transport controller
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Wireless small cells network Transport network
Some interesting open questions
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? ? ?
Transport resources abstraction: the
C-RAN use case
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M. Fiorani, et al., “Transport Abstraction Models for a SDN-Controlled Centralized RAN”, IEEE Communication Letters, August 2015.
Abstraction policies
TP TP TP
AE AE
AE
ME AE
AE AE AE AE
AE AE MN metro MN AE AE
ring
AE AE AE AE
AE
AE
AE MN AE
AE AE
Macro Base access
Station AE ring AE AE
AE
TP
AE AE
TP AE
AE AE
TP
Small Cells
AE
AE AE
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AE
Daily traffic variations over the ARs
1000
Ring 1
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 2
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 3
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 4
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 5
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 6
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
1000
Ring 7
500
0
0 5 10 15 20
t [hours] 30
Simulation results
Ø No. of experiments = 100, Available lambdas per pool = 96; N=2
N=2 N=5
45 110
105
40 100
N SCs
N SCs
95
35
90
30 85
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
t [hours] t [hours]
80 145
140
75 135
N TPs
N TPs
130
70
125
65 120
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20
t [hours] t [hours]
Peak Dimensioning 35 (for MBS) + 70 (for SCs) = 105 35 (for MBS) + 175 (for SCs) = 210
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Saving = 26.7% Saving = 31.4%
Data plane options for NFV
LTE AP
? MN
Edge
* Skubic B., Pappa I., “Energy consumption analysis of converged networks: Node consolidation vs metro simplification”, OFC/NFOEC, 2013
KPIs and objective
M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for 5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Data plane architecture options
AP MN AP MN
Deployment A Deployment B
M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for 5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Power consumption evaluation
Case VI
Case VI
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C
M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for 5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Cost evaluation: the 2014 case
2014: Total Cost (CU) at 10 Gbps 2014: Total Cost (CU) at 100
Gbps
18000
15000 18000
15000
12000
12000
9000 SE
9000 SE
6000 MN
6000 MN
AP
3000 3000 AP
0 0
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C
M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for 5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Cost evaluation: the 2018 case
2018: Total Cost (CU) at 10 Gbps 2018: Total Cost (CU) at 100
7000 Gbps
6000 7000
5000 6000
5000
4000
4000
3000 SE
3000 SE
2000 MN
2000 MN
AP
1000 1000 AP
0 0
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case VI
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case V
Case V
Case V
Case IV
Case IV
Case IV
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Case I
Case I
Case I
Case II
Case II
Case II
Case III
Case III
Case III
Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C Deployment A Deployment B Deployment C
M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for 5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Concluding remarks
ØFocus of new 5G radio technologies: high peak-rates per subscriber; handle large
number of simultaneously connected devices; better coverage, outage
probability, and latency
ØWill not have a “one solution fits all” approach, but a solution with/without
centralized processing depending on the requirements of on the specific 5G
service(s)
Ø M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Valcarenghi, P. Castoldi, L. Wosinska, P. Monti, "On the Desi gn
of 5G Transport Networks," Springer Photonic Network Communications (PNET) Journal, 2015
Ø M. R. Raza, M. Fiorani, B. Skubic, J. Mårtensson, L. Wosi nska, P. Monti, "Power and Cost Modeling for
5G Transport Networks," in Proc. of IEEE ICTON, 2015
Ø METIS deliverable D1.1, ”Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system”, April
2013
Optical 5G Transport: Challenges
and Opportunities
Paolo Monti
pmonti@kth.se
http://web.it.kth.se/~pmonti/
How to enable these functionalities?
Technology Edge
Topology Access Ring Metro Ring
Small cells
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