CAOTIUITEHE YPEJTHHKA TOJMINHAKA @HJIO30®CKOT PAKYJITETA Y HOBOM CAJIY Toammbax ®uao30dcxor dbaxyntera y Hosom Caay je Hayunu yaconue je- AHHCTBCHE ypehuBarKe KOHLEMMHje H ca jacHo AeHHHCAaHHM KpHTepHjyMuMa, OTBOpeH 3a WIHPOK CneKTap pagqoBa 43 OOACTH XYMaHHCTHKe H ApyUITBeHHX HayKa Beh caMOM UMFeCHHLIOM a HacTaje Y¥ OKPHsy BUCOKOMIKOACKE yeTaHOBC koja je aKpeAHTOBaHa 3a HAYYHOMCTPAxKHBAIKH pa Y OOACTH APYUITBCHHX 1 XYMAHHCTHUKHX Hay ka — a TO Cy HCTOpHja, KysITYPONOMIKe HayKe H KOMYHUKO- Jornja, mezaroruja, ncHxonornja, coumorornja, urosoduja H puroz0rHja. Tpsu Opoj Toaumaka odjas.scu je 1956. rogune. Oa noverKa n3iaxKema, OBaj Hay4HH yaconne nyOMKyje OpHrHHaTHe pagzoBe HACTaBHUKa Mu CapagqHuKa sganocneHnx Ha Ouz030(pcKom daxyatety, a og 2013, Ha nosHB Ypehusauxor oGopa, 1 eMHHeHTHHX nporpecopa H3 ueOF cBeTa. ToaHUNbaK je UITaMTaH y ABE cBecKe, 3a UIOAOUIKe H APY UITBeHE Hay'Ke, creachu cheumUYHOCTH YeTpojeTBA HHCTHTYUHJe y KOjoj je MoHNKAO, DuTO30cKor daxyateTa YuuBepsuteta y Hosom Caay. Paosii ce o6japssyjy Ha cBHM je3HuHMa KojH ce HaysaBajy Ha Ou- aozo(peKom (bakyaiTery: TO cy cpricku, eHrazecku, hpaHuycKu, HeMauKH, pycKn, ahapexu, croBauKn, pycunckn 4 pymyxcKn. Yaconuc je enekrpoucKn gocry nan y Tururaanoj 6u6avorenn Pusoz0pcKor hakyateta, HEAeKcHpan y Gazama nogataxa EBSCO Host » ROAD, namehy ocrasux, kao 1 Ha Cprickom unTaTHOM HHJeKcy, a 43 POAHHE y roaHHy GerexKH cBe Behy 4HTAHOCT H MHTHpaHOCT. Y ypebusany Poaummaxa Dustoz0¢cxor dbakyatera y Hosom Caay axTuBHo capaljyje Ypehhusauku oop, y KOM Cy 3aCTYIbeHH EMHHCHTHH MIpodecopu ca yunpepsuteta y HemasKoj, Pycuju, Mexcnxy, Mabapcxoj, Pymy nu, Cnosernji u Xpsarckoj. Ypeanmun Toanmbaka oOaBc3aHn cy Aa 4acomue KOHTHHYHpaHo yexaabyjy ca kputepujymuma nponucanum Axtom o ypehuparsy Hay4Hux 4a- conuca H Mpasnannkom 0 noctynky 4 HaHMHy BpeAHOBara H KBAHTHTATHBHOM HckaSHBalby Hay 4HOHUCTPAKMBAYKHX pesy:TaTa HCTpAkHBANA. Ypehupauku oa60p yaconuca Hacrojahe za y Hactynajyhem nepuoay To- AMUIHAK Jase yHanpelyje y ck1aay 3a 3aXTeBHMA H H3a30BUMa Koje npe AOmMahe way4ne ny6aMkanHje nocTaBsa cBeTCKa akateMcka jasHoct. O npomeHama y KoHuenuHju ToaHubaka, aujH je UM» NOSosUIAHO paHrupare saconuca y 10 MahuM 1 MchyHapoaHHM OKBHpHMa H Heros HATepHANHOHANHZanuja, Haya jasnocr ocpenouasa ce Beh y bu1o10mKoj caecum saconmca 2a 2013. roaHHY, rae6 Ime prezime ce npsu nyt o6jassyje npusor capaguuue u3 mHocrpancrsa, Apaun Jonecky, peaosre npodecopke Yunpepsureta y Macemrajy 13 Pymyauje. ¥ uzonounKoj cBeCUH H3amba 3a rogHHy 2014. koayropceKH pax npHiaxe Cunpnja Mapruuec epeupo, rocryjyha npodecopka Puso3z0cKor aky.rrera, 3acHuBajyhu uc- ‘Tpa2KHBalbe Ha HCKYCTBHMA CTCUCHHM TOKOM nleTorogHube capasec ca dbaxys- TeTOM Ha KYpCeBIIMa Ht paqHOHHMAMa 13 OGsaCTH HeypomMHArBHCTHKe. 3a odjannusane y Toammmaxy 4 zane he 6uTH mpuxsatanu caso opuru- HaJHH Hay4HH paJOBH HacTaBHHka HW capaaHuka Onso3z0deKor akysteta 4 eMHHeHTHHX npodpecopa No MOSHBY, THCAHH jaCHHM H TIpelH3HUM CTHIOM, O6a- Be3HO MpeTXO-HO seKTOpHCAHH, ca nparehom Hay'4HOM anaparypom y BUY UH TaTa, HATIOMeHA, MPOMTHCHO HaBeACHHX H3BOpA, ANCTPaKTA, pesHMea Hi KIBYAHAX peunt Ha cpnickom Ht exrneckoM je3mky. PaqoBu Mopajy 6uTH npuaroheHu HoBOM, acTaspHnjem u mperaeanujem, YnyTersy 3a mpumpemy pyKonuca 3a urrammy Y opoj cpecun Poanmbaka npustore je peuen3npasio TpueceTaK yrseHHX npodecopa ca HIE Hay4HOOSpaxOBHHX HHCTHTYUMja y 3eMsbH H HHOCTpaHCTRY, y cksaaay ca W3MeHaMa KOHUeMUHje YaCOTHCa KOje HMajy 3a WHb AKTHBHO yKsby- YMBalbe YBAKCHHX HAYYHMKA 13 3CMJbe HM CBCTA Y KPCHpake HOBOT JIMKA OBOr Hay4HOr riacH1a 4uja je BpeqHOcT Beh oAaBHO NoTBphena. Y Hoom Caay, oxroGpa 2014. Ypeanmun Fozmunbaxa Ouzosodexor daxy.rtera y Hosom Caay npod. ap Baazneaasa Topanh Merkosnh npod. ap Hlywan MapunkosuhToduubax Punozoperoe qbaxymema y Hosom Cady, Kisuca “1 (2014) Annual Review of the Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Volume XNNIN-I (2014) 3oaTan K. hepe (Gyre K. Zoltan) YJIK 94(439)" 184 8/1868" u1030(eKu tpaxyaTer Yanwepsurera y Hosom Cay Opnrmvasan nay ann paz MADBAPCKH JIMBEPAJIN WH HAPOJ[HOCHO. TIMTABE 1848-1868. 1. Cryanja ce Gani anastns0M ostHoca Mahapexe suGepaimie nlomarHake esture Hpena era Tyey H papuMa vemabapa Kpasbennue Mabapexe y mepHogy 1848-1868.r. JleaarHoct maljap- CKMX HOCpAsIHHX THOMETHapa HNaTa je oapelyjyhu YTHua) Ha HOMHTHTKH KUBOT 3eMIbE 04 1830, route, 340KYILbeHH KOMILIHKOBALUM OHOCHMA ca XAG2Gy PILKOM HMACTH|ON, Malapekn amGepa.mH ey stataj HarHona.tHor THTatba CXPATHLIH ¥ My HO} MepH TeK 3a BpeMe peronytuije 1848/1849. JInGepaai KOHIeIT pemanaisa HaposHOCHOT HHTaKa OGeaGehement ITMMPOKHX HHAAMBELTYATITTS cOG0yIa H HOAMTHAKTS pana, OAHOCHO My TeM OSpasoptte, Bepe~ ke H KYITYpHe ayToHOMHje, am Ges derepammannie senube, RehHHA HapoAHOCTH HHje MPHXBATILIA, ITO je AOBETO 10 AecraGHNsANHje MONTHIKE CHTYaLUjy HeHOoepeAHO TIpe TOKOM [IpBor eBeTeKor para Kusysne peu: Ayerpujexa napermma, Kpasserisia Mahapexa, 19. nex, napoqocHo 1 raibe, JUGepuIHaM, HALWHOHAUIAM, peony iusje 1848/1849, xaKoH o HapoAHOcTHMa 13 1868, ayTononma. Mahbapcxa je cpeaunom 19. sexa y eTrHHYKOM CMncay Gua jeaqHa Oo” Hajuape- Hujax 3emasea Espone. Oa npeqctasuuka ykynno 18 Hapoga mect eTHHEKHX gajequmua npepa3naazno je GpojHoct om MusIHOH npHnagHuKa: Mabapu, Hem uu, Pymyxu, Caosaun, Xpsara u Cpu. Pycuna Jespeja 610 je Sausy nox MHsHoHA, a 6poj Bysenaua, Hlokaua, Ljuraria, Yexa, Mopasuania, Tosaxa, Cx10- Benaua 4 Byrapa mpemamino je AecetT xusbaga. TomMenyTo CTaHOBHHIITBO Ce y BepcKOM norieay e1H.10 Ha 7 Behux KoHdecuja (Katus 1979: 191)? Erniika i Bepcka wapoaukocr cTaHoBHHuiTea 61a je pesyaTat caAo*KeHHX TOAHTHKHX npoueca y HcTOpHjH Mahapcke y nepuoay Hocae Moxauke 6urKe. Touetkom 16. nexa og 3,3 Musavona cranosHuKa Yrapexe 75-80% mpymaza.no je MahapcKom Hapoay, a moped HX y 3eMsbH cy 2uBeTH CpOu, Xpsaru, Hemun, Pymyan, Kymanm, Jespojn n apyru (Szentpéteri 2000: 341-342). FyOnun y Baue- 1 Zoltan gverel@gmail.com Herpaxunana y mean ea Te MoM oxmupy pojerra Bojeohancen npocmop y Konmexcmyy eaponcke wemopuje (Gpoj npojekra OH 177002), snjn je HocHIaK DHo20%peKH daxyarret y Honom Caaty, Oneek 2a HeTopHiy, a Gxaronaxstonn dnanenjep Muwmcraperso 2a npocrery wuayy CpGnje Jenpeja je kpajent 18, neka 6x10 npeko 80.000, 1805. npeko ero xiuKavta, 1825. numte ox 190.000, 1840. oxo 242.000, 1857. nommcano ux je 407.800, 1880. roaune 624.700, a ca sume 04 910.000 nocrasm ey 1910. roqune jeaHa 011 HajGpojunjux HapoHoetH (Bodi 2008: 328), ILPs 3onman K. Bepe BCKOBHOM TeWIKOM paToBaiy ca Ocmasmujama 4 cepuja parosa ca Xab36yp3uma Y3poKopacn cy 1a noweTkoM 18.8. 6poj craHoBHHka YrapcKe He mpea3H OHO Ne 1526.r, sak HM y3 MacoBHo ycespaparbe crpanana (npeTexkHo ca Bastkana). Tpit ‘rome cpa3mepa Mahapa y ykymHOM craHOBHHUTBy je criaita Ha neseceTaK o.1cTO. Cronraro H opranHgoBano yeesbanarec npeKo 2 MaaHoHa Hemaua, Cpa, Pymy- Ha H APYTHX eTHHUMTeTA Kao HM MpHpoaHH Mpupact craHopHuursa 0 1790.1 nioseha:m cy 6poj xuTessa Vrapexe (Mahapexe, Epaessa 1 Xprarcxe) na 10 n- sIMOHA, aH H CHH3HIH yaco Mabapa na 41.5%, a npenma nonucy craHoBHHUITBa v3 1850.r, Ha cpera 36,5% (Fonagy 2001). Tlomenyta eTHuuKka crpyktypa je y 206a aibupmaunje an6epanuux 4 HaUMOHarHHX Hazeja y 19. BeKY MpeqCTaBmana TexAK M3a30B jeaMHCTBY 1 Mahapekom Kapaxtepy spyxase. CynporHocrH HalHOHasIHHX uATepeca Mahapa u schune Hemahapa mpoussean cy jaxy noauTHuKy TeH3Hjy Koja je oceTHO jecraSumzopa.ia noAMTHAKH cHcTeM Mahapee, HaposnTo y mpesBeHepie HY bpeme Mpsor cpercKor para. JJoaarny TeumKohy pewanawy HauHorasHor nuTama y Yrapexoj mpeacras.paza je wmmeHuua aa cy HeHH NoaMTHMApH Mopasu yBCK BOJHTH patyHa o cTaBosuMa Geukor ABopa: za cy H XTeaH, (beacparnzauH Yrapexe He GH Mors cnpoBecTH yeuex KOHCTAHOr HeraTHBHor cTaba BAazapa mpema Toj waejn; y3 TO, MocTojasa je onacHocT za GeuKH ROP HCKOpHeTATH NOAHTHYKe aHTaroHH3me Mehy Mahapuma u HemMahapuma 3a nocTH3zare COMCTBCHHX HOMUTHYKHX WHbeBA (Katus 2000: 345). Lae cryanje je aa ykparko ckuunpa crasore Mahapexnx auGepamaux TOAMTHHapa NpeMa NuTawY paBHONpaBHOCTH HapozHocTH. Mahapcxu aHGepasn cy npeactaByaau WeHTpaqHy NOAMTHUKy rpynauHjy Koja je ox TpUAeceTHX rogHna Jo Kpaja 19.BeKa, HeKag y ono3HUHjH HeKag y BaacTH, urpasa oapebyjyhy YAOTY Y NOAUTHYKOM 2%KUBOTY 3eMsbe. DOpMynucare NOAHTHKE Npema HapOAHOCTHM KaO H 3AKOHH y Be3H C HApOAHOCHHM MHTaHeM, MpeTex*HO Cy PC3YATAT HHXOBE ACHATHOCTH, a CTABOBH KOH3CpBATHBHUX, ABOPY AOjanHHx, OAHOCHO, pATHKATHHX H JeMOKpATOKHX MOHTHYApA cy OOH4HO CUHHCAHH ¥ ogHocy Ha norseze mHGepaza. Crasosu Mahapcxnx anGepaaa ao 1849.7. Vaxo cy nauporasin npertopoan Hemahapckux napoaa saxkupenn Beh Kpajem 18. Beka, cpe Jo TpugeceTHx roquHa 19. BeKa NOAMTHAKe cynpoTHocTH Mehy Hapoaua Yrapexe cy 6uze caa60 w3paxene. CayxGern jesuK Ono je TaTHHCKH, a nocrojao je u occhaj 138. xyHrapu3Ma, BpcTe naTpHoTcKe cBeCTH Koja ce Be3HBasa 3a reonomuTHyKH nojam Kpassesune Malapcxe, oaHocHHO 3a sajequuuky ucropujcKy cyqOuny meHUX Hapoga. XpBatu cy 10 ucTOpHjcKo) OcHOBH MpH3HaBann 3a nloceSHy HauHjy ca cBojoM NoceGHOM ayTOHOMHOM TepuTopujo. Y3 kaTonKe cBojé ayTOHOMHe UPKBeHO-IKOAICKe OpranHaaunje MMasH Cy AYTepaHH, KAIBHHUCTH H NpaBocnasHH, MpH YeMy cy MpuBHneruje MpabocvaBHHX Hale H noceOaH NOTHTHAKH CaapKaj H 3Ha4aj. Jo TpuyeceTHX TOaMHa, Kaa cy noveTH a ce jaBsbajy O30HJbHHjH HalHOHATHO-NOAMTHUKH gaxTeBH HeMahapckHx Hapoga, oapel\eHe NOAMTHUKE 3axTeBe (popMysHcamH cyMADAPCKH JIMBEPA JI H HAPOJLHOCHO IIMTARE 1848-1868. 1 1B Pymyxn (Supplex Libellus Valachorum, 1791) u Cp6u (gaxtes 3a noceGHOM eTHWaKOM TepuTopajym, Temuurpacpku cadop 1790). Haunonaan npojeKra OcTasHX HapoHOCTH Cy 210 Tpehe eueHHje 19-8. npeTexkHo ocra:lH y rpawuuaMa HeroBaba je3uKa H kysitype.? Tloanrrgaunjom HaqHorasHnx npenopoga Mahapu 1 Hemahapekn Hapoan MIpHXBaTHAH cy AMjaMeTpaHO cynpoTHe KoHUeNTe: oATOBapajyhn cBojuM HANHOHATHHM IHFbeBHMA HapoAHOCTH cy Mpurpsanae je3H4KO-eTHMIKY WAejy Haunje, a Mabapu konuent nosmTHuKe Haunje. Mabapexa auGepanua enna je pemabawe HapoAHOCHor MHTAwa HHTerpucata y CNOKCHH CKON Mposema rpahancxor mpeo6parkaja 3emsbe Hf peuaBarba Ap*KaBHO-npaBHor criopa ca GerKuM asopom. Beposaau cy aa he npommpusamem noaMTHYKHX MpaBa Ha CBE CTaHOBHHKe 3eMsbe Ge3 OO3Mpa Ha HHXOBY ETHHYKY, BepcKy HIM COMMjaqHy npumaaHocr, Kao M yKUAawEM deyaAaaHUX cTera, CHAKHO NOgcTaKHYTH XapMOHM3UHjy HHTepeca MpHMaAHMKa pa3zHHXx K7aca M pasHHX HApOHOCTH, Te aaa he y yCnoBHMa MMpOKUX rpahaHcKHX H AMYHHX cnoGoza HM MaTepHjalHor Snarocrama, HaUMOHANHA NpoOsMeMATHKA NOCTATH Apyropa3peaHa, OAHOCHO Ja he HapogHoctu OsycTaTH Of KOCKTHBHHX HapoAHOCHHX 3axTeBa.* Lropnuie, Malapekn noaHTHiapH cy Haa.TH capazrH 1 HOAPUIH HapoAHOCTH y NOAHTHAKOj Sop6u ca SeuKuM ABOpoM, cMaTpajyhu ga cy rpaharickn npeo6parcaj, yerasne 1 JIMMHe C:10G0e H HMA y Hajy>KeM HHTEpecy. Mabapexu noxuriapn cy 3HaTaH co cBoje enepruje nocee THM adap Manni mahapcxor jesuka, te cy y nepnoay 1790-1844.r. nocteneno yoneau cnposectit 3aMCHY AATHHCKOT cay>KOcHOT je3HKa MahapeKHM y 2aKOHOAABCTBY, APIKABHO} YMpasii, y CBeTOBHOM 1H UPKBeHOM cycTBY, y Bohewy MATHYHUX Kiba, a OA, 1844. roaune u y wxoncrsy, Henpommueena u aporantHa mahapcxa jesuuKa noanTHka (Koja wHaye Huje oAyAapana on je3M4Ke NOTMTHKE caBpeMCHUX eBponckHX papa) je H3a3Baqa ONpaBAaHy peaKunjy HapoaHoctH, uHjHM je3mmuma nuje nocechena Hukaxea maxima. Hapoguoctu cy carpaste aa ux jeam1ka noaHTHka, Koja npakTH4HO He y3HMa y O63up BHIICHALHOHATHH KapaKTep 3emube, NloTHcKyje y cratyc rpahana apyror peaa. 3Ha4aj oor npoGzema noKa3a0 ce y MYHOj Mepu y 30nBarbHMa peBoryuHOHapHe 1848/1849.r (Katus 2000: 347), Meby pesoayuHoHapHuM MapToBcKo/anpH.IcKHM 3aKOHHMa caMo jeaaH ce (umaupexrHo) o,,HOCHO Ha HaposHOcHa MmHTaHa: 3aKOH O pesTHrHjH (1848:20), Koj je mporaacno pasHonpasHoct KaTOTMUKe, eBAHTeTMUKe, KaTBHHUCTHUKe, AHTHTPHHHTapeKe, rpKoKAaTOAH4Ke H NpaBocuBaxe Bepe. [pH Tome, 8. naparpad je u3pu4ro rapantosao camoyripsxa npasa mpasoc.tasHe KoHpecuje y upKBeHUM M UIKOSICKHM NOCIOBHMA M OApeAHO Ja ce, pagu yTBphuBatha *esba NpaBocaBHOr Yerprecerix roxuHa wahapeki auGepaan cy jetMHeTRO ApxaRe WaparkaRastH MojMOM NabapeKe nosriake Hause, atioctojaibe eNabapexux u uexpsatexix uapona, Ges HeTopajexOr Upana sa pAsADy mcrarye nauuje, osnasanasi cy ca TepMHOM HapoxHocTH, Ywepenn pesbopurniera (rip. Ces) cy mponene >kese-11 riocne MpHo H y enopasy my ca Jlaopow Te y WY HapoaHoctuN nuTanseMa HacTynaAIH neowa yMepero. AY.IHIH ey TparkIIH capa apostHocTNa le 260r Tora mITo ey HM akesesIH HBAhiLy eyepeT Reh 3GOr Tora MITO CY HX NTE KOPHCTHTH smniaxo} GopGn ca sanGepaciaMa m slewoxparanta.14 Bouman K. Bepe cTaHosHmursa, npe noverKa paza Mahapcxor napsaMerra ca30Be HUXOB UpKBCHIT cadop (L.Landerer u G.Heckenast 1848 [1988]: 62-63). Oapea6e aaxona cy MapkTHUHO 3HATHIIe a cy panuja credeHa KONeKTHBHA TIpaBa Ha MOY WKOACTBA Hf UpkBeHHX noc0Ba NoTBphena u za je npunaguuuuMa wecr KoNecuia (ce jyaanama KojH je ugjcaHayeH ca ocramuMa Kondecujama Kpajem peposly unjc) IbHXOBA LPKBCHO-INKONICKA ayTOHOMHja rapaHTOBaHa HY TOCTPeBO:Ty LHOHAPHOM pasqo6.y. Hapoanoctn cy ca 3a40B0.bcTBOM no3apaBHan Mahapexy rpaharcky peBoyUnjy, AIH Cy y3 rapaHTOBaHa HHAMBHAY asia H rope NOMeHYTa KOseKTHBHA Tpaba 3aXTeBANH NPHHAEe KONEKTHBHUX HAUHOHAATHUX pasa, CMarpau cy Ja HauMOHaNHa MpaBa Mory OcHTypaTH Camo Kao MpH3HaTe (noAMTHUKe) HAUHje ca mpapom Ha concTseHe TepuTopuje 1 HauHOHamHe ycTaHoe. 3ace6Hu HauHoHanHn 3axTesu Hemahapa 1848/1849, kpajrse cy usHeHaauAM MahapeKe TOMUTHYApeE, pe cBera YHHCHHYA Ja cy Xpparu, Cpdu n 7eo Pymyna opy2KaHo yeTaiH NpoTHB peBoyUMOHApHE BAaAe HM Tpar%kHAH He CAMO ayTOHOMHY Teputopuijy seh u oruerssere o1 Mabapcxe. J[sop je yerieo 2a He3at0B0s6cTBO TOMCHYTHX HapoaHOCTH HCKOpHCTH y OAGpaKy cBOjHX No3HuHja, o6chasuI HapoaHocTHMa paBronpasHoct (Katus 2000: 344), Hosu norseqH Ha pasHonpasnoct HapoaHocTH CaoxKeHOCT YHYTPaLIHbe H CHOJbHOMIOAMTHAKE CHTYALHje KAO H ACO OKTPO- jucavor ycrasa Koju je MpoKsaMoBaO paBHOMpaBHOCT HapOAHOCTH H HHXOBHX Jesuxa, nogctaxnyan cy MahapcKe pepoayunonape 4a ce o36usbHO TOcBeTe pe- maBawy HanHonasHor nHTawa. Bpemerom cy ce ncKpacTasmea.a apa rae qMUTa, Tipso je Guo pemerse xoje cy Hyaum Jlacno Texexu, Maa Baueapu 1 mahapcxu paauKanu OKyTBeHH OKO ANCTa Marcius Tizendtédike. Onn cy seh c npoacha 1849. r. TBpAHAH a ce HApoAHOCHO TIHNTAMe MOxke TpajHo peumHTH jeAHHO KOHN HUM OycTajaibem On cTaBOBa Koj MpeTHOCTaBsbajy MahapcKy xeremonnjy u Mahapcru kaparrep neste apoKaze 1 2a je HY*KHO O361bHO pasMorpuTH MoryhHOCT dbeaepammannje 2emube. Mahapcxa, Epaesb, Xpparcka, a ako 70 »kexe, KpajeBut npe- TeKHO HACeBeHH CHOBALLUMA, MOF OH GHTH H3,qBOjeHH y caBe3He perlyOsHKe, Tipr uemy 6 perry 6amKe Ouse yjeammbene y jeaHHcTBeHO} B:1aAH H 3aKOHOAABCTBY. Jesuk napaamenta 610 61 Mabapexu. Mpoucrsupas cy a 61 jeaMHo cyuITHHCKO, HeTopHcKo peuierse oHoca ca HapoHocTHMa oMoryhusIO HoGeay Haga AveTpHjoM HOCHTYypaao ayTopotaH oncTaHak Mahapcxe, Beposasm cy 1a 6u cbezepamuctHtKo mipeypehere Mare Hapoge y perHony Moro noacTaKHyTH 1a cryne y KoHKbe~ arepamue Be3e ca Mahapcom, urro 61 cem jauarea Mahapexe, ocurypaso u 3a- LITHTY MHTepeca MasMX Hapoga HacnpaM BeAHKHX eBportcKux cusna (Spira 1979: 405-411) TIpeacrasnuun apyror koruena, anGepaan, oAujaan cy dbeaepaausauniy 3emsbe cMarpajyhu aa ynpaso unHe Kpajre Hanope y nloaNTHIKO| 1 Opy7KaHOj Sop6n nporue Jwopa kako Gu H3BpuMAH rpahancKn npeoSpaxkaj aApymrsa, ewanuunosasnn Mabapexy oa Ayerpuje H za 61 0636eqnan Bnact MahapcKoj Baaaajyhoj enutn. Baact Hucy >KeaeIH ACTMTH, HajMarse Ca HapoAHOCTHMA KojeMADAPCKH JIMBEPA JI H HAPOJLHOCHO IIMTARE 1848-1868. 1 1s cy Bogue opyskany 6opéy npotus pesoayunonapxe Bxaze. Mosusajyhu ce wa 4HIbCHHLY Ja cy Apskapy crBopHH Mahapu 1 a cy BeKoBHMa BOAHIH Gopby 3a WEHY H3IPpaAHY, Op Kare H jeAMHCTBO, OAOnjasH Cy NPH3HATH NpaBo HapowHOCTH na craryc noceOHux noauTHuKHX Hauuja (cem Xppara) Ha rocedHe ayTOHOMHE ‘Treputopuje. Burm cy cripemHH HcnyHHTH 3aXTeBe HapoAHOCTH y CyLITHHCKH UHpeM OOUMY OA MPeApeBOAYUMOHAPHUX 3aMuCAH, ATH ¥ OKBHPHMA HAeje O jeanoj noautm4xoj Haunju. Ona Konnennuja HasosesuBana ce uNaue Ha npeapesoryunonapue wacje Cevemuja 1 Bewescmnja. Behuna mafapcKor peBoayuHonapHor BolcrBa H nomMTHAKe jaBHOCTH ce NpHksaHasa TorzeHMa audepa.ia, Te Cy pasroBopH Ca NpeACTaBHUUHMa HapOsAHOCTH MpeTexKHO BOheHH Y AYxy ynpasror jeqnnctsa u Heraynje KonUeNTa dereparusaunje seme Behuna Hemaua, Caosaka, Pycuna u Jespeja Ousa je 3a0B0s.Ha AOMeTHMa rpaharicre pesozyunje u noapaxaaa je malapexy Baaay. (Spira 1979: 399-400, 415, 419-420). Ha camom xpajy pesoayunje Hacrasia cy Tp AOKYMeHTa Koja cy, KAKO ce XHHN0, onpagiasa andcpaaHy KOHUeHUNjy 1 Koja cy yKA3HBATa Ha MpaBaLt Koji je y Ovayhwocru, y3 oSocrpan KoMMpoMuc, Morao Ja BOA Y Mpasuy 6uTHOr noSosbuama oAHOCA Matjapa w HeMahapa: criopasyM ca pyMyHCKHM ycraHHUHMa, oaayKa (3aKOHCKe cHare) MapraMeHTa O MpaBHMa HapoaHOCTH HM 3aKOH O pasrionpasnocTn Jeepeja. TH zoKyMeHTH npeaBHhann cy npH3znapare cAooaHOr pazpoja cpake Hannje ynytap Kpassesnre Mahapcxe, caoGoaHo Kopumiherse HapoqHOCHHX jesHKa y MIKONCTBY, UPKBeHHM MOCTOBHMA, KyATypH, ynpaBit cyactBy, Ha HHBOY ONMITHHA H CKYMMTHHA MyHHUHNHja. ¥ oOpastoxewy AOHOUeHA 3aKOHA 0 HApoAHOCTUMA npemujep Cemepe je KoucTaTOBaO ala je peBoayunja nocae yKugama (peyaaaHux crera u rapaHToBama rpahancKux cao6oua OcTAla AY2KHA Ca OCTBAPCHbeM KOHUCNTA j¢HAKOCTH HaLHja H Aa je WH 3aKOHA Ja H.TO crIpoBeAe, OAHOCHO la NoKaxKe rpahaHUMa 3eMsbe H HHOCTpAHCTBY aa Mahapu cxparajy 13a308 Bpemena aa Huje g0B0s.HO rapaHTosaTu HAAMBHAyasHe rpabaricKe cn0Goze, Beh a je HYaKHO OMOryhuTH c1060,1aH pa3Boj cBake HapogHoctu. Mako npornac 0 npaBHMa HapoAHOCTH HHje HCIyHaBao cBe FBHXOBE 3AXTEBE, Y MOAHTHYKOM Hf CaapaajHOM CMHCAY MpeAcTaBspad je sHayajar Hamlpedak y oAHOCy Ha MpeapeBoryuMOHapHy KOHUEMUHjy H CBE WTO je caaparxapao Guo je BaxKHO 3a HApOAHOCTH, Te je ¥ NPUHUUTTY, Morao NocAy2KUTH 3a OCHOBy pery.Hcarba oAHOca Mahapa u Hemabapa y 6yagyhnoctu, (Hermann 1997. 113-114, Galantai 1997: 154, Spira 1980: 227-228), Touro je y6p30 nocae azoHourera OBHX aKaTa JOUII0 20 Nopa3za MaljapeKe pesosynuje, cnposoherse rope nomexyTHx ogy Ka 1 cnopasy a je onemoryheno. Tlopa3 mahapcxe pesoayunje o3raano je Kpaj sHGepamHMXx Hl zeMoKpatcKHX mpo- ueca y Mahapcxoj 3a Gamay aBagecet roquna. Mumyhu y aucty Pesti Hirnok 1859.F. 0 pa3103uma nopasa Mahapexe rpaharicxe pesoayunje, Bepraraa Cemepe je ca ropamviom npuznao za MahapeKn noauTHapn npea pesoayuniy HHCY cxBa- ‘THI CHAFY, BAKHOCT H AAIeKOCeKHM KapakTep HAUMOHALIHE H1eje KOA Hapos- HOCTH, CTOra HHCY NOCBCTH.AIH OBOsHO Nake Mehy HALHOHATHHM OLHOCHMA,16 3onman K. Bepe ato je KacHuje umaso TemKe nocaeauue (Gyére 2009: 497, Kassai 1959: 189) Tlocae 1849. y3 npo6zeMarHky AAp:KaBHO-MIpBHHX o”HOCa ca AMHaCTHjoM Xa63- Gypra Hajpaxknje MHTarbe TocTasio je ynpaBo HanHOHATHO TIHTAre. Hapasoysenuja u3 Tparmunnx KondauKata 1848-1849. kao H OAHTHKe Heo- ancoayTH3Ma GHA CY TOAHKO OMHPICAHA Ja Cy CBH KOjH CY PaIMHUIsbaAH O 6yayhnocTH, 7o1a3HI1H JO 3akeyYKA Ja je HCONXOAHA CapaHa H CONMAApHOCT Hapoaa Ayetpuje, oxnocro Yrapexe. O capaaren Mamux Hapora pasMnmsbat0 ce Y WIHPOKHM OKBHpHMa: NocTojasie cy PyMYHCKe, jyakHOCTOBeHCKe na H MahapcKe HHHUMjaTHBe 1 MpojeKTH H HecTO je HeTHUAHA MoTpeba dbexepamnzaunje Ayc- TpujcKe uapesuue. Y mahapcxoj urramnn Hucy Hezoctajaam Opojru nosnen Ha uaMupere H Gpaterso Mahapa u Hemahapa, TeKcTOBH 0 3aje¢AHH4KO} MUpHO} Syayhwocru, ura. Hnak, 4 jeaHH H ApyrH comaapHocr Meby HapoaHMa TyMa- AHH cy 6uTHO pazaH4HTO, Te MpaBHX pesyaTata HUje 6us0, urTO je SHAMELTO 2a je nponyurrena jour jeqwa miaea 3a HcTOpHjcKo nomHpere (Szabad 1979: 508), OctosHn npo6aem Ha Koj cy MahapckH MOAHTHYApH H jaBHe AM4HOCTH MO- paan Hahu ogrosop 61.10 je, KaKO yenocTaBHTH paBHOTeay H3Mehy 3axTeBa 3a TepuTOpHjaTHHM HHTeErpHTeTOM Mahapcke H AYTOHOMHCTHYKHX TCXKEH Hapod- HoctH? Bogehe mm4noctn cy ce cnarane, Ja je y TOM CMHCIY Kpajrbu JOMeT Mepconaa ayTOHOMHja, Koja Gu HapoaHOcTHMa OGex6ehuBasa cAOGOAY KO- puuthera jesuika Kao H KysITYpHY, BepCKy M1 UNKOACKy caMoy pay. PasMHusba- JIM cy 0 TOME ura OH 3ar1paBo O;p:KANO HHTErpHTeT 3eMsbe, AKO TO He 6H 611A jeantcreera ynpana, jeqmicrBeHn cay2x6ern je3Hk Ha HBO 3aKOHOJaBCTRA BHUIe APKABHe ympane; mrTa he ce AecHTH YKOAAKO BHNe He 6yze zajeaHMAKHX BpeaHOCTH H CHMOoNA, 30HBarba ON 3HaUaja 3a CBe rpalate, ako ce 3a60paBHt gajeanu4Kka ueTopujcKa OaurTHHa 1 Kad HAUMOHATHe eauTe Gyay opmupa.te cBoje noceGHe Tpanunuje, noceSHe HHTepece, NOceOHE eKOHOMHje ¥ OKBHPY cBojHX HANHOHATHHX ayToHOMHja? Y3 To, Mahapu Hucy saGopapsamn ga cy Xpearn, Cp6u, Pymyru na u geo Caopaxa 1848/1849.r. tpaaxian ogpajarse on mahapexe apsase (Acs 1996: 250). epern eax je emarpao za je HapoaHOCHO TIHTAHE, MOL YCOBOM a Ce HAPOAHOCTH He 3AAOBOsbE KOEKTHBHHM TpaBeMa, asm 6e3 TepnTopujasie ayToHomuje, Hepemmno, jep Mahapekn noaMTHIapH HH kag Hehe mpuctarH Ha JO6poBossHO urate jeaHHCTBa 3emsbe (Acs 1996: 270). Kprtiako npomumibarse npoGsemarke xa cy Hapouno Jlajou Mosapu, Muxas» Xopsar, Jlacao Cazan, Kurmona Kemer, Joxed Ersemr, heph Kaanxa, a croje parinje crasose cyurTHncKn je pesnanpao H Jlajour Koury. Onn cy ema- TpaaH za MHoronaunoHaaHa MahapeKa Tpe6a aa je HeTHHCKa JOMOBHHA CBHX HapOAHOCTH y KOjoj he cpu rpalhann yxuBaTH NOTMYyHO ucTa Mpasa, re he Ha CBHM jaBHUM HHCTaHHaMa HMaTH MoryhHocT Kopuuttirsa cBOjHX jeanKa, rie he y OkBupy sHGepaaHHX yeraHoa H caMoyripasa Mohu pasBHjarH cBojy HapoHOCT. Behuua ce cxaraza ga HapoaHocHo mutate TpeGa peryancaTH ACHOUICHeM TO- ceGuor sakona (Fénagy 2001: 40-41) Tokyuaju 2aKoricKe perysauuje pasHonpasHoctH HapoaHocTHtMATBAPCKH JIMBEPAJIM H HAPOJIHOCHO IIMTAIE 1848-1868. 1 7 Tlosonue noautHuxe oKo1HOCTH 3a 3aKOHCKY peryaaunijy HauMoHanHor nu ‘raha HACTA:M Cy Y Be3H Ca TONHTHAKHM MpoMeHaMa y OKBUpHMa AyeTpHjcKe WapeBHHe: youe, YHYTPAUIHX H CHOIHONOAHTHIKHX Heycnex HeoaNco.ly- TuCTHUKOr pexuMa uap Ppany Jose je TexKHO peopranuszauujH apoKaBHor yc~ ‘Tpojersa, ca uNsbeM O6e36chera zyropounie craSumHOCTH H pasBoja seme. ¥ Be3H ca THM, TOKOM 1860-186LF. OMLI0 je 10 YenocTaBsbara YeraBHOr cTama Ht ca3upatsa Mahapexor apaasvor ca6opa. Ha npeazor Joxxecba Ersema dbopmu- pana je napaaMenrapna KoMucHja (roToBO NONOBHAY YHHHIM cy npeTcTaBHHUN HApoAHOCTH) ca 3ayAaTKOM Jla aA TH3HpA NOTPEGE 11 IKEIbe HAPOAHOCTH Ha op- MYJIMINe HAUpT 3aKOHa O Hapo”HOcTHMa, Pay KomMucuie mpalien je y jaBHocTH ca BeTHKHM HHTepecosamem. PasBuia ce 2KMBa pacnpaBa y HHTeTeKTYATHHM H HOAHTHAKUM KpyroBHMa Mahapa u Hemahapa, sohene cy *xyerpe ancKycuje npexo uramne. Cp6u, Pymyxu m Crosauu cy Ha ceojuM HanHOHATHHM cKYTO- BrIMa TpaxkHztH (bopMupatse CBOjHIX HALIHOHAsTHHX ayTOHOMHHX TepHTopHja. (Acs 1996: 269-270). Hacnpam THX HapozHOCHHX 3axTeBa TeKCT HaUpTa saKoHa nap- samenrapxe KoMucuje caapskao je auGepaauy bopmyzanuiy walapexe nosmTuKe Haunje Koja je y caeachux negeceTak roauHa npezcTapsbaaa oKOCHMUY Ha- poaHocHe nomTHKe MahapcKux nommrH4apa: Cau rpahanm Mahapcxe, 6e3 063upa na wHNoB [MaTeprbtt] jesInk, ¥ MOMHTHHKON cumexy unine jeany Hamniy. y carsacnocTH ca HeTopHjcKHM moj wom wtaljapeKe Ap9Ka~ Be, jexMHCTBCHY M HezemuBY MalapoKy Hauniy.* Jlame y Texcty ce Harnauaga Ja, .»-CBH HApOM KOjH AKHB Y 3CMIBH, OHMCHHC: MalapcKH, CHOBANKH, PyMYHCKH, HeMayKH, CpncKH, pycKn [pycHncKy] 1 ApyTH, waa a ce cMarpajy pasronpasHune HapOAHOCTHMA Koje CBOje NOCeGHE HApOAHOCHE MOTpeSe, Y OKBAPHMA NOAHTHKOr jemmcrsa seme, ocrBapyjy cnoSoaHo, 6¢3 HKAKBHX wa-bUX Orpanmuaparba, awa OcHOBY -HHHX c10G0ra H C:1060x1a y-apy7kUBaIba® (Mik 1944: 155-157). Tlomto je wap 22. asrycta pacnycTHo mapzaMment, Huje Moro gohn Jo AHC- KycHje y Be3H ca mpeasIoroM H eBeHTyasHOr HeHOr yeBajatba, Pag je HacTaBBeH TeK anpua 1866. roqMHe y JOHeKe TIpOMeHCHHM MOAHTHYKHM OKOAHOCTHMA, Y mehyspemeny, oxpetarse HapogHocru Ka 6e4KOM ABOpy y HCUeKHBaHY Peulera HaUHOHANHOF NHTaka Kao H Ja TeKOCe”KHOCT NOcTeAMHa 3aXTeBA 3a HALMOHATHAM ayTOHOMHHM TepuTopujama nogcTaksn cy pactyhu zeo MahapeKux noauTH4apa Ha 3aKsBy'4aK 2a OM NOAUTHUKH ryGuTAK y CHOpazyMy ca AMHACTHjOM OHO MarbHL 4 mogesie 3emube Ha ay TOHOMHe HaqHoHamHe o6aacTu. (Fonagy u Hermann 2000: 89). Mak, uy THM oKOAHOCTHMA Ko MabapeKHX aMGeparHHX nosnTHapa H jasnocru nocrojaaa je Boma ga ce BHUI¢TeHeHUjcKH cnoposH ca HeMahapcKum HApoAHOCTHMa KOHAuHO pemic. ¥ 3HaK 1OGpe Bose HOBOtopMupana MahapcKa paaga ykunyna je BaskHocT 16. 3aKoHCKor a1aHa 13 1848.7, KojoM ce y aKyNa- rigjana HeKsoysHBHM cay RGeHTM jesHKOM Mpormcyje wahapexn, m oMoryhreta a ce kao je3Hk pacnpase H 3anvicHMka KopucTe Ht jesHuH HeMabapeKHx Hapog- Hoc (Katus 1979: 808). FIpsaun mafapckux simGepasia ynoxopaga.1n cy jasHoct18 3onman K. Bepe gla Taauere HapoaHOCTH Huje y UHTepecy uy ayxy Mahapcxor Hapoaa u aa ce Ha Taj HAH He Moxke TpajHo peMIHTH HaLHOHATHO MuTaHe (Bepe 1992: 67) Viaeecun nouern erry 3njazam H npeaycpeTsbHBoct HaMehy mppaka Mahapa HM HapoAHOCTH NocteneHO je KOMHHIa KAKO Cy Ce OAMMUANe NapsaMeHTapHe Je Gare H KaKo cy ce 6c crpane Mo_poOHHje yrosHale ca cyINTHHOM H AcTasbHMA craposa pyre crpane. Haupr HapoaHocHHx riocsianmka (16 pyMyHeKHx, 7 cpr exux w 1 pycuncxu niocaanmk) Koju je npeasuljao (bopwuparse mecT HanHoHaTHHX TOAMTHYKHX ayTOHOMHja y OKBHpHMa Mahapexe Mahapea jasnocr je oxGaunta cmarpajyhi 2a ce pagH o NoKymajy pacnapyaBama 3eMsbe H OTUEMbeHa Hapor- HocTH og we. TIpeasior HapoaHocHe norKoMucuie, cmmuaH OHOM 13 I86L.r, Huje Mpomao myHo Gosbe (mpezBrbjao je umpoxy, cnoGoany ynoTpedy HapoaHOcHHX je3nka Ha HuBoy onurTHHa HookynaHHja, oMoryhuo je noauTHUKy abupmauniy y OKBUpy MyHUUHMa.tHe camonypase H Huje TOMMHaO jeauHcTBeHY Mahapcxy 10- auTmky wanujy). Mopes seh nomMamannx pasiora npes103H cy mponasm yee MacoBHor He3aoBosecTBa MahapcKe noceaAHHUKe Ksace, MahapcKHX ay TIAHH|CKHX H rpagdcKux (byHKUHOHepa M WHHOBHHKA, jep 6 HerOBUM yCBajaHeM MHOTH O21 IHX OcTasH 6e3 Nocaa H MpHxoga. MahapcKu BerenoceaHHUH, npe cBera Ha HapOJHOCHHM TepHTOpHjaMa, MpHXBaTH.1H cy Haro”Gy ca GeukKHM ABOpoM yrpa- BO ca MoTHBAnHjOM a Ha Taj HANH OcuTypajy cBojy cynpemanniy y nomTHKOM, CKOHOMCKOM H KYsITYPHOM CMHCAY Hay HapoAHOCTHMA, WTO OH HETHHCKH seMo- Kparckn opMysHcaH HapoAHOCHH 2aKOH O36HIbHO AOBCO Y TIHMTaHe. CKpeTaHa je marxroa sa Gxt OBaKBHIM 3aKOHICKTIM pemTemeM ayTIanHje HryOHTe CBO} Mahap- ckn Kapaxtep. Kynanuje cy peqom mpotectBopare mpoTHe Haupta. Te peaxunje cy npakrwano 3Haune, a je rpyna MahapcKux Boxehux suGepasia, Koja je aeue- HijaMa BO_WIa AOCAegHy cn000J0yMHY NOAMTHKY npemMa HapOaHOCTHMa, AOUIIa y cynpornocr ca BehwHom MafjapcKHx 3eMsborloceHHKa KojH cy Mahapeky xere- MOHHjy 2KevIe.-1H O”p>KaTH HeOKpHeeHy. Cem HaneTocTH yHyTap Mahapcre jabHocTH, NOMCHYTH 3arIeTH Cy H3a3Ba,1M jako 3aTe3zaHbe OAHOCA ca NpeTCTABHMUMMA Ha- poaHoctTH, Yemy je 3Ha4ajHo AOnpHHea0 H ckaNare ayeTpo-MahapeKe HaroGe TOKOM 1867.roquHe (Katus 1979: 809, Kemény 1952: 5). Konasno, nocne 6pojHHx noaHTHIKHX 3anmeTa, Kpajem 1868.7, yeBojen je 3aKOH 0 pabronpasHOCTH HapoaHOcTH (1868: 44.3aK.s11.), KojH je bopMyaucaHl y carlacHocTH ca mpHMej6ama *kanaHnHja H y3 JOMyHe H H3McHe NpeWIOKeHe OF crpane @eperma Jleaxa. Buo je pesyatat kowmpomuca usmehy pasamanrux erpyja Mahapoke noaHTHUKe jaBHOCTH, y3aKOHSCH 6e3 carNacHOcTH Ox CTpaHe HApo-.HO- cru. Kao raxas, nuje morao peumTu Haromunane npoO.1eme, an je MocTa0 oc- HoBa O_HOca Maljapa u Hemaljapa y caegehux nosa seca, Cam 3aKon 6u0 je je- AMHCTBCHH JOKYMeHT Te Bpcte y Epon (camuaH 3aKoH, nocTojao je camo y LUsajnapcxoj) Kojn je y HeTHHCKOM aHGepamHoM yxy TpeTHpao muTarbe paB- HONpaBHOCTH HapoaHOCTH. 3axkoH je mporszacuo pasHonpasHoct cBux HapoaHocTH Mahapcxe, 6¢3 HHxO- Bor MpH3Hawba 3a nocedHe nosMTHUKe HauHje. poKaamosao je jeamHcTBeny Mahapeky nonuTHuKky Haunjy y oKBMpy Koje cy cBH rpahanu mpu3HarH 3a paB-MADAPCKH JIMBEPA JI H HAPOJLHOCHO IIMTARE 1848-1868. 1 19 Honpasne, 6¢3 o63upa Ha eTHHUKy npunagnocr. Tenepaano, Hemahapuma cy 06e36eheHe 6uTHo mupe cAoGore YroTpeGe je3Hka Ox OHNX MpOrTHcAHHX jeau4- KHM 3aKoHHMa Oo” mpe 1848.1. 3aKOH je OApeHO cIOSOAHY yrOTpeGy HaporHOCHHX je3HKa y LIKOJICTBY, LIpKaBeHOM 2KHBOTY H ympaBH, Kao H y CbepH Hayke Hi KysI- Type, ¥ MpezcTaBkama CBHM BaaCTHMA; CBAKH rpalanHH HMAO je IpaBO Aa KO- PHCTH CBO} MaTeprH je3HK Ha ONTUIMHCKHM H My HHWaMaTHHM CKyTILITHHAMAHa, Ha HIDKHM CyAOBHMa; oTMITHHEe Cy came o”pelyuBaze cBoj cay7KOeHH jesuK, a Ha TeHepasIHHM CkyTIITHHAMa %ky NaHHja H rpagoBa cay7kKOCHHM ce cMaTpao H jesHk 3a KOjH ce H3jacHHna GapeM NeTHHa NOCTAHHKa, H3HHMHO, HapoAHOCHH je3HK 3anucHHKa Morao Ce KOPHCTHTH Hy yHYTpaulbem nocaOBOhery aKynaHHje yKO- JIMKO Ce TO CMATPANO HEOMXOAHHM, 3aKOHH cy Tpedann GUTH OGjaBmBeHH Ha je- 3HHMa HaposHocTH. 3aKoH je 0GaBe3a0 AAprKaBy 2a NO MoryhHocTH ocurypa YouOBe uIKO.IOBaHbA Ha MaTepHeM jesHKy y OOnacTHMa ca mpeTexKHUM Ha- poaHOcHuM craHosHuuTsom. TpahanuMa, onurrivaMa, upKBaMa 1 UpKBeHHM ONUITHHAM H3pHUHTO je rapaHToBaO M1paBo OCHMBarbA UNKO:Ia CBHX HHBOA. To- ce6Ho BaxHHM y npaxcu noKa3a0 ce 26. naparpad 3aKona, Koju je y unsy ocu- Typarsa yeaopa pa3oja HeMalhapckux Hapoda HaraaulaBao cr060qy OCHMBaHba Apyurraba ca HJbeM HeroBarba je3H4KHX, YMCTHHYKHX, Hay4HHX, NpHBpeAHHX, HAAYCTPH|CKHX, TproBayKHX 1 ApyTHX ToTpe6a HapoqHocTH. YVapyzxema cy HMa.1a Npawo ACHOCHTH cBoja MpaBHaa, (bopMUpaTH HOBYAHE (boHAOBe H c1060,- HO pykOBoaHTH wuMe. JJpaxeceTceAMM nlaparpad 2aKoHa je H3pH4NTO HaracHo ga he mpaamkom nonyasawa apsKasnnx cnyax6n jequno Mepri0 6uTH mHa cnoco6HocT H Ja HeyHja HaWMOHATHa NpHnagzHOCT He Moxe OuTH MpempeKa 3a A0Oujatbe Guno Koje apakaBHe cay2KGe y 3emsou.. Jpaxaga je npuxBarHna za ce Oputie 0 JOB0s,HOM Opojy HAMeLITeHHKA y CyACTBY, aAMMHMCTpaluju H Ha 40C- ‘TojaHoTBy BesHKOr xy nana, Koja he nosHaBarH HapoAHOcHe jesuKe (Markus 1896: 490-494. hepe 1992: 73-75. Pomogyi u Beliznay 2003) Y3 noMeHyTH 3aKOH MHTare OOpazoBarba y AuOcpanHOM ayxy peryaucao HIPHACCET OCMH ZAKOHCKH WAH, TAKOKe H3 1868. rOAHHe: OCHOBHE Hi BHC Ha- poane unkone, rpahancKe H yauTescKe kore HMasH Cy MpaBo OCHHBATH pa3He Kontecnie, yapy7kerba, MpHBaTHa JHA, OTMNTHHE H Cama ApxKaBa. JesmK mKOT0- Barba Tpe6ao je GUTH MaTepIbH je3HK, NpH 4eMy Ce H3HA HHBOa OCHOBHE LKO.IC Kao jeqaH O4 HACTaBHHX NpeMeta yaHO H MaljapcKH je3HK, a y rpahanckuM 1 YAHTeBCKHM UTKOAAMa O4 Tpeher paspera H HemauKn, Cem HaBeAeHHX, y rpahan- CKHM mKoAaMa ripeABHasia ce MoryhHocr yuerba jaTHHCKOr H (ppaHuycKor je~ 3uxa. JleserH 3aK0HcKH 4aaH u3 1868.7, nocebHo je perysucao by HKUHOHHCAEe Be npaBocaaBHe (pyMyHCKe H CplicKe) UPKBeHe Opranusaunje Ha HUBOY KOeK- ‘THBHHX TIpaBa NpaBocsaBHHX H3 TIpeTXoAHHX Bpemena (Pomogyi u Beliznay 2003). Fparruano, nomenyta TpH 3aKora oMoryhusia cy Ky-ITypHy, mpocreTHy HUIKOACKy ayTOHOMHjy HapoaHOCTH no nepcoHATHO} OCHOBH. 6c3 KOACKTHBHEX HaNHOHANHHX npaga 1 noceGHe HayHOHATHe TepHTopHie Hapoanoctu cy ox6auHise 3aKH 0 pasHonpaBHocTH HaposHOCTH, jep UM HHje ocurypao Teputopyjany ayTonomniy, Makap Ha HHBoy 2kyTianuja, HATH TIpHBHArbe20 3onman K. Bepe 3a nocedve noauruuKe Haunje. Acrospemeno, HaunonasucrHuKn co Mahapexux nommrsapa u jasHocTu TaKolje je HeraTHBHo pearopao, cmatpajyhu 2a 3aKoH o6¢3- Gebyje cysume mmpoka npasa HaposHoctuMa. Onurra noauTHaKa atmociepa, KAO H HeraTHBHH CTaBOBH OGe CTpaHe MpeMa 3aKOHY, pesy ITAA Cy HeHUM HenoTHyHHM cnpoBobersem. Beanka Mata 3aKxona naa je 4WHHbeHHUA ga Huje JepHHNICAH NaBH MexaHn3aM KojH Gu OcHTypao HeroBO MlOMITOBarbe. KoHico- SORBATE YATUCTHUKOr cHcTeMa Ht jayarmeMm MabapcKor HaNHOHAaH3Ma Tp Kpajy 19.8. Beka, HapoaHocTH cy nocTane cnpeMHHje HeroBOM NpHXBatamy 1 3AXTEBA.M CY HCHO CTPHKTHO cHpoBoherse, MehyTHM y TO BpeMe MalapcKH no SIMTHYApH MOCTAjanH cy Kpajiee HECK.IONN HCH HaBAry Hapo”HOCHHX 3axTeRa. Mako nnje cnposeaer y ueT0cTH, 3aKOH O paBHOTIpaBHOCTH HapoaHOCTH je uinak oMoryhuo peslaTuBHo mMpoKe cnooze. Mckopuurasajyhu Moryhoctu gate 26.naparpadbom, nocae 1868.r, riaBHu OKBMp HeroBarsa u pa3soja kyaType 11 je3uka Hapoanocru noctana cy 6pojra yapy7kerba: OcHOBaH je BHIIe CTOTHMHA 4HTATANKHX KpYTOBa, Hay4HHX H KYITYPHHX ApUITABA, PeLyM@4KHX, NeBAYKHX, 2KCHCKUX HM CNOPTCKHX yApy2xera, u37aBauKe Kyhe 3a HOBHHe M KHbure. AKTHB- He cy Orie Hay4HO-KY:ITYPHe YCTAHOBE HapOAHOCTH 3eMasbcKOr 3HaMaja, ONT Matuue cpricke, Marne cnopauke (sa6pamena 1875.1), pymyncxe ACTPE 1 pycunckor apyursa Caetor Bacusmija, Koja cy y u3secroj bopmu Bpumta m (byHKunjy 3aurTHTe NOAMTHAKHX HATepeca MOjeAHHHX HapoaHocTH. Og Kpaja 19, BCKA OCHHBAHA Cy HapOXHOCHA NIpHBpeAHA YApyr7kera Hi Tipezyseha kao mTO cy WITeAMOHHUE, KpeAHTHA APYUITBa, 3eMmOpaTHHUKe, NOTpoMayKe 3aqpyre 1 canyno, Buao je BeamKux GanaKa nonyT pyMyncKe AxOune, cnosayKe Tarpa Banke wan cpnicor Len tpasuor kpeautHor 3aB0,ia, Koje cy oTBOpeHO noMara.ie HalMOHAIHe KyATypHe ycTaHose, a Bole OaHaKa urpaze cy cBe BaxKHHjy yrory Y noaHTH4KOM 2kHBOTY HapoaHOcTH. TocaoBHa MomHTHKA TOMeHYTHX GaHaKa, fa 3eMsbHUIHe MloceAOBHe OAHOCe MpoMeHe y KOpHcT HapoAHOCTH (OTKYTIOM 3¢MsbHUITa 02 OCHPOMAMICHHX HIM 3aay2KeHUX Mahaporux remuhKux nopoau- 1a 1 MapuemaLMjOM 3eMsbe y KOPHCT PYMYHCKHX, CHOBAYKHX H eprickux ra3zia) vaa3zpasia je npasy ya6yHy y Mafapcxoj jaBnocru. Y3 nomeHyTo, Ousia je 3Ha4aj- Wa zeaaTHocT HoBHHapeTsa, Mops neTeToTHbak MahapcKHx HOBHFa H4acommH- ca, 1890, r, naaaauao je 102 Hemasknx, 15 pymyricKnx, 14 epneknx, 13 caoBaiKHX uf jeaan pycunckn ancr (Katus 1979: 1338). PE3HME Tepnos 1848-1868.r, y KonreKcty mehyHanuonaannx oanoca y Yrapexoj 60 je sanajan y cMmeny aa cy Haunonamin KonuentH Mahapa c jerne u Cp6a, Pymyna u Caopaka c apyre crpane, rata jacHo 1 mpeuu3Ho JedpHHHCaHH, OHOCHO aa cy Mahapexn avOepasu ncrHHcKu noxyuiaan nahin peuerse 3a podem pas- HonpasHocT HapoaHocta, ToanKo nocaeheHocrH nosiTHMBHOM peMlersy MuTaRa Huje 61110 HH Mpe, HH riocae. PeatHe MoryhnocTH aMGepasa, Mehy THM, Ouste cy gnarHo orpanuuene. Kusot yayrap Aycrpnjcke uapesmre anno je Ha 10aH-MATBAPCKH JIMBEPAJIM H HAPOJIHOCHO IIMTAIE 1848-1868. 1 21 ‘THUKe CnojeHe cygoBe: 3HATHHJe NPoMeHe NOAUTHYKOF HAM ApyuITBeHOr ye~ ‘TpojerBa Waa3HBaste cy CAMIHe TeHACHHAje y APYTO} NoAOBHAH Apr%aBe. Jly6sAa AeMOKpaTHsal[Hja APYUITBEHHX H NOTHTHYKHX OLHOCA HH bexepanmaaunja Mabapcxe no HanuoHas0j ocHoBu He 6H Mora Guru cnpoBezena, jep 6u To noA- crakny.to cane gaxtene y Ayerprijn. Camino, AeMoKpaTeKo peuterse Hapoa- HOCHOr MuTarsa HMaso je HenpeMocTHBe YY Tpause Mperipeke: MahapeKa no- ceaHmuKa kaaca, meMcTBo H BehuHa MoaHTHYapa Huje 2Ke-Te1a H3ryOHTH xere- MOHH 110107Kaj Y 3¢MJbH HM HAKaKO Hije MpHcrajasia Ha (POpMuparee HAUHOHATHHX caMoynpasiux o6nactH, OSjamrasacmH cy To TEpAKHOM.1a cy Mahapu ersopa.mH Apxasy u 6panuan je BexoBuma og Opojxux 3aBojenaya; Ja 6u npegzaja ympase, cyACTBa Mla H JeTOBa 3aKOHOAABCTBA HapOAHOCTHMA, 3HayHAa ryOuTaK MalapcKor Kapakrepa spskaze, reo yrpaBHo pacnapuaparse Hi ryOuTak ersucrenuuje 6poj- Hux Mahapckux nopoguua. Mpoucwusaan cy aa 6u crBapawe HapogHocHux ‘TepuTopHjaHHX ayToHOMuje BoAHO pacniazy 2emsbe. HecapaaauBy npenpery 3HAUHIH Cy H 3aXTeBH HeMahapa KojH Mare OA CTBaparba HALHOHALTHHX ayTo- HOMHHX TepuTopuja HUCY »xesIeIH MpuxBaruTH. To BaxKH npe cBcra 3a Cpoe u PyMyne Kojima je craOuan3anija H jayarse HUNOBHX MaTHURHX Apakapa Yana nage y Moryhnocr yjeanmera (Lévai 2002: 204), aan cy 1 Caopaun uacucrupa- 41H Ha cBojoj CaMoympasHoj oOnacTH. Xpsatu cy Malapcxo-xppatcKom HarogG0m TOCTHPAH AOOAP ACO CBOJHX HALHOHATHHX WHUbEA, FpHMeTHMO, la MpexcTaB- HHH HeMauKe, jespejcKe H pycHHcKe onysianHje Kao HH Mare 6pojHe eTHHHKe 3ajeqHMUe HHCY H3HOCHIH NoceOHe Hal{HOHAHO-TepHTOpHjaAHe 3axTeBe. C o63mpom aa cy HapoaHocTH oGaumae 3aKoH 13 1868.7. KAO HeTOBOWAH, a wahapcku nosuTHuapH yonea craOuH30BaHba AyaNHCTHUKor cHcTeMa MOCTasM Male 3AHHTepCCOBAHH 3a HAPOAHOCHO NMTAHe, O3OHBHUX NOKY Maja peuicHa npo6aemaruke nocae 1868.r, Huje Guo HH ca jexne crpanie. Y cay ca ocehaje HeMoryhHocTH 3a10BoaBajyher noanTH4Kor peuewa MehycoOHux oaHoca, ahapexe saaze u Bogehe awanoctu Cp6a, Pymyxa Caosaxa cy ce oxperasie Y mpasuy ocreaperba CBOjHX 3aceOHHX HALHOHANHHX naHoBa Hi BHBHja, cpea- cruMa Koja Hucy mpernoctaBsa.ia cnopasyM. Muxajsio Moan Jlecawauh je Harnamapao 2a he, ako Tpe6a, Hapor AYTO yeKaTH NOBOSBHY MpHAHKy y Kojoj he OCTBAPHTH CBOje HANHOHATHC WHJbCBe, AKO TpcGa H BaHNapsaMcHTapHHM cpca- crsuma (Mukasnua 2005: 103). Haonaiucrama Ha o6e crpane ce 4HHHI0 2a NOAHTHYKH H APYUITBEHH pa3sBoj HAC Y MpHAOT yMpaBo HHXOBHM 3aMHcAHMA,a= 3onman K. Bepe Zoltin Gyore HUNGARIAN LIBERALS AND THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL EQUALITY IN HUNGARY 1848-1868, SUMMARY The political activity of the Hungarian liberal politicians had a profound influence on the political life of Hungary and, periodically, on politics of Austrian Empire as a whole, From the thirties of the 19th century, they greatly contributed to the formation of public opinion and attitude towards the Viennese court, as well as to the ethnic issue. During the period 1848-1868 it can be noticed certain conceptual development in their attitude toward the national question. Before the Revolution in 1848/1849, Hungarian liberals regarded national question as less important than the problem of constitutional ties of Hungary to the Austrian Empire and the issue of necessary bourgeois transformation of civil society. Although they were aware of the compli- cated ethnic structure of the population, they believed that the abolition of the feudal social order, common civil liberties and the general economic and social enthusiasm will neutralize specific national requirements. Also, they hoped that this enthusiasm will encourage not-Hungarian ethnic communities to accept the Hungarian state idea and they will, in the long run, voluntarily as- similate to Hungarian ethnic nation. At this point, Hungarian liberal politicians believed that parallel to the guaranteeing individual personal and political rights, also the use of the languages of nationalities in their church, cultural and private affairs, it is acceptable to spread the Hungar- ian language in its official use in administration and education. Revolution of 1848/49 showed to the Hungarian liberals the real seriousness of the national issue: Croats, Serbs, Romanians, demanded their recognition as political nations and they rose up in arms. It had strongly outstretched the issue of federalization of Hungary. Hungarian liberals (except for rare exceptions) were not prepared to agree to the federalization of the country. Hungar- ian politicians could not accept the demands for ethnic autonomous territories, because they be- lieved that in that way the state would lose its Hungarian character and that, in fact, it would leed to the destruction of the state. As nationalities have not accepted the Law on Equality of Nationalities (1868), which approved personal autonomy in the field of church matters, education on all levels, entrepreneurship, science, and culture, as well as the wide-spread use of mother tongue in the administration and judiciary it seemed that there is no common ground for agreement. In the next decades, both, Hungarians and nationalities devoted less attention to improving their mutual relationships than to their own nationalistic proj Keywords: Austrian Empire, Hungary, 19th century. nationalism, liberalis lution 1848-1849, ethnic minorities, Law on Equality of Nationalities (1868). KOPHIJREHH H3BOPH H JIATEPATYPA Acs, Zoltin (1996), Nemzetiségek a torténelmi Magyarorszagon. Budapest: Kossuth Kony vkiads, Bodi, Ferene (2008), Migrécids folyamatok az tjkori Magyarorsziigon. In: Bédi, Ferene (Ed), A helyi szocidlis elldtérendszer. Budapest: MTA Politikai Tudomanyok Int, 321-332 Fényes, Elek (1842-1843), Magyarorszdg statistikdja, 1-3. Pest: Trattner Karolyi nyomdaj Fonagy, Zoltan (2001). Modernizacié és polgdrosodas: Magyarorszdg torténete 1849-1914-ig. Debrecen: Csokonai Kinds. Ponagy, Zoltin, Hermann, Robert (2000), Az onkényuralom kora 1849-1867, In: Szentpéteri, Tozsef (Ed). Reformkor és kiegyezés 1790-1867, Budapest-Gyula: Kossuth Kiad6, 72-89, Galantai, Jozsef (1997), Nemzet és kise bbség Eotvds Jézsef életmuivében, Budapest: Korona Kiads.MADAPCKH JIMBEPA JI H HAPOJLHOCHO IIMTARE 1848-1868. 1 23 Gyore, Zoltan (2009), Madarski i srpski nacionalni preporod. Novi Sad: VANU. Hermann, Robert (1998). Szemere Bertalan. Budapest: Uj Mandétum. J06, Tibor (1990). A magyar nemzeteszme. Szeged: Universum Kiad6. Kassai, Géza (1959). Magyar torténelmi sorsforduldlok és a nemzetiségi kérdés, Budapest: Kossuth Kiado Katus, Laszlé (1979), Nemzetiségi kérdés és Horvatorszig torténete, In: Kovaes, Endre (Ed), Magyarorszdg torténete 1848-1890. VI/2. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiad6, 1333-1394. Katus, Laszlo (2000). Etnikumok, nemzetiségek. In: Szentpéteri, Jozsef (Ed). Reformkor és kiegyezés, Budapest: Kossuth Kiads. Kemény, G. Gabor (Ed) (1952), Jratok a nemzetiségi kérdés torténetéhez Magyarorszdgon a dualizmus koréban, I (1867-1892), Budapest: Magyar Tudoményos Akadémia. Torténet- tudomanyi Intézet. Kiss, Gy. Csaba (1988). Hungaria és/vagy Szlavia, In: G.B, Nemeth (Bd). Forradalom utdn ~ kiegyezés elétt, Budapest: Gondolat, 464-495, Landerer, L., Heckenast, G, (Ed) (1848). 1847/48-ik évi orszdggyillési torvénycikkek, Pest Levai, Csaba (2002). Hungary as a Multi-Ethnic State in the 19th Century Austro-Hungarian Empire. Steven Ellis (Ed.), Empires and States in European Perspective, Pisa: Plus, 197-210 Markus, Dezsé (Ed) (1896). Magyar Torvénytdr1835-1868. évi torvénycikkek. Budapest Miko, Imre (1944). Nemzetiségi jog és nemzetiségi politika. Kolozsvar. Pomogyi, Laszl6, Beliznay, Kinga (Ed) (2003), Ezer év torvényei (1000-2003): Corpus Juris Hungarici. Budapest: CompLex Kiadé Kft, 1000 év torvény Wor- ld Wide Web, http://www. 1000ev:hu/index, php?a=2&k=4 & 10.06.2014. Spira, Gyorgy (1979). Polgari forradalom 1848-1849, Kovaes, Endre (Ed.). Magyarorszdg torténete 1848-1890, VV/1, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiad6, 59-434. orgy (1980). A nemzetiségi kérdés a negyvennyolcas forradalom Magyarorszdgan. lapest: Kossuth Kony vkiadd, Szabad, Gyorgy (1979). Az onkényuralom kora 1849-1867. Kovées, Endre (Ed_). Magyaror torténete 1848-1890. VI. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiad6, 435-772 Szentpéteri, Jozsef 2000) (Ed). Magyar kédex 3: Csaszdr és scultin birodalméban 1526-1790, Budapest: Kossuth Kiad6, ‘Bepe, Zoran, (1992), purce npoysacarsy taxona 0 pacuonpaeuocmu napodnocmu ws 1868.2., Hempazcuearoa, 14, 63-71, Murxanima, Jlejan (2005). Cpneka Bojeoduna y Xa6s6ypuxoj sonapruju 1690-1920. Hown Caxx Stylos igToduurmax Punosorperoe dpaxynmema y Hosom Cady, Krouea XXXVII-3 (2013) Annual Review of the Faculty of Philosophy, Novi Sad, Volume XXXVIHI-3 (2013) CaoSoaax Bjeama YJUK: 3303497113)"1964/1968" @rtor0¢ex dpakyarer Yanwepsurera y Hopom Caay Opmrnaman nays pa HECYIJIACHIIE OKO EKOHOMCKOT PA3BOJA. BOJBOJIMHE (1964-1968. FOMHE)’ IMesaecere roaune XX nexa cy y counjatmernaxoj Jyrocuapnjn upexeranssare, ca jenne erpane, ppeMe aupMatugje Ha cHlosSHOMOUTIIKOM ILIAHy (IIpe cnera Kpo3 HloKpet Heesp- cTaHHX), aca Apyre erpave [06a y KoMe je HOIUIO J10 CKOHOMCKE eTarHaLuje Koja je HeH3- GexHo MpomrmojuLia HOAMTHaKe KpHBe H Mely HaNHOHastHe eHlopone, AY TOHOMAKA HOKpajuia Bojposuma je Taxobe ocehasta locate sre eKoHOMeKe KPH3e, ¥ BEM ca MMMM MpenagHta- 2XeHLeM je BO|BOhAHCKO PYKOBOACTBO UMasIO Apyraunje Hlorwejle Hero penyGun4K. Xpowo- AIOMIKH OKBHP pasla OGYXpaTA TIepHOA ot 1964, ToATIHe, Kaja Cy HAKOH jertme ay7Ke Tay3e oSnoRssenH enoponH Waehy Beorpaza H Honor Caza, 1 1968, TosHHE, Kayla ey ce, ¥ BpEMe Bua aBHHe ,,s1MOepasta, TH HecrlopasyMa crumapaina, [IpH mntearsy pasta je, y3 perenanTHy ueTopuorpadexy sluTepary py, Kopummhena HeoGjansberla apsMBeKa JOKYMeHTANHja HS oH tora Apxitra BojRojutHe, kao 1 oHORpeMeHA TepHOANKA ~ HOROCATCKU /fueawUK UW Georpar- xa Honumuca. Kaeysne pei: Bojnosma, Tocsiapiiia, mpanperna pedpopma, CpSuja TloaosuHoM me3geceTHX rOdHHa, HAKOH 3HayajHOr ycnopaBaksa IpuBpezHOr pacta, jyrocaoBeHcKa exoHomnja je petbopmucara y mpasuy yBolera n3BecHHX ‘TPKHIIHHX Mepa M NOTHCKHBalba Ap2KaBHe MHTepBeHLMje y npuBperu. Msmehy ocrasor, ungecTuumonn dboHsoBH (OKO KojUX je panujux roauHa 6110 MHOrO cyKoba HaMehy penyOrH4Ke H NoKpajHHcKe BslacTH) pachopMupann cy 1964. TOAMHE, a HHXOBH NOCTOBH NpeHeTH cy Ha Gane. (Bustanynh, 1979: 310) Mao je mpuspeana pedopma u 3naHH4HO nporsameHa nosCBHHOM 1965. rozuHe, Mepe SINGepaiH3anje HHCY AOBe.I¢ 10 ONeKHBAHHX pesy:Tara. [IpHKyTubare H pac TOJeNa {es14 HALHOHATHOF AOXOTKa Of, CTpaKe CaBe3HHX Oprana OcTaO je r1aBHH H3BOP cnopersa UNHMTANA jyrocmoBeHcKe cbezepaunje, uiTo Hehe MuMouhn HH oanoce HaMehy CpOuje 1 weHHX ayTOHOMHHX noKpajHa. Mako je HaKoH YHY- ‘Tapnaprajckor KoMmpoMuca H AoHOMeHa Yerapa u3 1963. roauHe y Hopom Cay BagaT0 NOAMTHUKO 3aTHUIje, HOKpajHHCKM py KOBOAHOUH cy, HecMameHHM TeM- TOM, HaCTaBHAH Ja saxTeBajy GossH TpeTMaH BojBoAHHe y CKOHOMCKOM eMHeATY. Tako ce npeaceaHuk noxpajuncKor M3spuinor Beha Manja Pajaunh wa caMom * sbjelica@EUnetrs. Onaj pas je nacrao y oxnupy npojekra ,.Bojnobanieku npoctop y KoHTeKeTY enpontexe ctopuje™ (esxitenuoms Gpoj 177002) xoju dunanenpa Musueraperso npocse paswoja PenyGamne CpCuje. 25