Date: 05.06.2012
REVISION STATUS:
2. Reference Documents:
3. EQUIPMENT:
3.1 General:
The Ultrasonic Apparatus to be used shall be A Scan Pulse Echo Type and able
To work with both combined and separated transmitter and receiver
Probe.
3.2. Probes
3.2.1. The probes to be used shall have the following characteristics
Angle 0° to 80°
Frequency 2 to 5MHz
Crystal size
Normal probes 10 mm Ø to 25 mm Ø
Angle probes 8 mm x 9 mm to 20 mm x 22 mm
4. Calibration Blocks
4.1. V1/V2 blocks are used for Distance Calibration, Linearity
Checks, Beam Spreads, Angle Checks, Index Points, Resolution
4.2. Distance Amplitude calibration blocks as per Figure 6.26.
7. Surface Condition
7.1. The area of the weld to be ultrasonically examined shall be prepared,
Sufficiently to allow for smooth and regular scanning of the weld. Such
Areas shall be free of all weld spatters, paint, loose particles, non-
Adhering mill scales, temporary attachments or any other obstructive
Item that may hinder the scanning pattern of cause excessive surface
Noise.
(a) A point of the DAC curve has moved on the sweep line more than
10% of the sweep distance.
(b) A point on the DAC curve has decreased more than 20% or 2 DB of
its amplitude. Should this happen, all recorded indication since the
last valid calibration shall be evaluated again and reported
accordingly.
12. Now refer to the acceptance criteria for Statically load structure (6.2) &
Determined whether the indication ratting is Acceptable or Rejectable
and also classify the defect on the ratting and length
Example:
Probe Selected 70°
Statically loaded structure
Butt weld 15 mm thick
Step 1. Calibrate to 1.5mm Ø hole and bring the echo to 80%F.S.H
So This is the Zero Reference level b = say 36 dB.
Step 2.refer to the table 8.2. Scanning levels and for 70° probe let us take
the sound path distance as 2½ to 5 and we take 19dB add this to
the zero reference a dB
SO Scanning dB = 36+19=55 dB
Step 3. Say you get an indication which is above the screen height. Now
reduce the dB to bring it to the reference level note this dB say
46 dB so a = 46dB.
Step 4. Find out the Attenuation factor c.
SO say you have got an indication at 3Inch of the screen so
subtract 1” And multiply by 2= 3”-1”= 2”x2 = 4 dB.(rounded off
to the nearest hole number)
Step 5, Apply the Formula
a-b-c = d
44-36-4 = d
4=d Indication Rating = 4 dB
Step 6, Refer to the Ultrasonic Acceptance – Rejection criteria table 8.2
for 15 mm thick + 4 dB falls in the category A so for category A
. Any
Indication in this category shall be Rejected Regardless of
Length..
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The DAC Shall be constructed As per Clause 9.3 Depending on the thickness to be
inspected.
The weld joint and HAZ shall be 100% examined, . Any such Area not fully
covered shall be identified on the UT report and Will be inspected by the other
methods.
A) Before start the examination with Angle probe is required to investigate the
scanning area with longitudinal probe to verify the possible presence of laminar
indications which can interfere with the examination of welds.
B) During the scanning , increasing the Gain setting value of 6 dB the evaluation of
the indications shall be perform placing the gain setting at the rule value (for defect
evaluation the magnification used during scanning 6dB shall be removed.)
C) For detection of longitudinal defects the probe shall be placed on parent metal in
such a way the sound beam is always normal to the weld axis.
During scanning the probe shall be angle or skewed ± 5° to 10° in the horizontal
plane.
Table 6.2
UT Acceptance-Rejection Criteria (Statically Loaded Nontubular
Connections) (See 6.13.1)
70° 70° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 45° 70° 60° 4
Class A +5 & +2 & -2 & +1 & +3& -5 & -2 & 0& -7 & -4 & -
Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lo
Class B +6 +3 -1 +2 +4 -4 -1 +1 -6 -3
0 +3 +5 -3 0 +2 -5 -2 +
Class C +7 +4 +1 +4 +6 -2 to +1 +3 -4 to -1 to +2
+2 +5 +7 +2 +2 +4 +2 +2 +
Class D +8 +5 +3 +6 +8 +3 +3 +5 +3 +3 +
& up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up & up &
a
Weld size in butt joints shall be the nominal thickness of the thinner of the two parts being
joined.
NOTES:
1. Class B and C discontinuities shall be separated by at least 2L, L being the length
of the longer discontinuity, except that when two or more such discontinuities are
not separated by at least 2L, but the combined length of discontinuities and their
separation distance is equal to or less than the maximum allowable length under
the provisions of Class B or C ,the discontinuity shall be considered a single
acceptable discontinuity.
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2. Class B and C discontinuities shall not begin at a distance less than 2L from weld
ends carrying primary tensile stress, L being the discontinuity length.
3. Discontinuities detected at “ Scanning level” in the root face area of CJP double
groove weld joints shall be evaluated using an indicating rating 4 db more sensitive
than described in 6.26.6.5 when such welds are designated as “tension welds” on
the drawing (subtract 4 dB from the indication rating “d”). this shall not apply if
the weld joint is back gouged to sound metal to remove the root face and MT used
to verify that the root face has been removed.
4. ESW or EGW: Discontinuities detected at “scanning level” which exceed 2 in.[50
mm] in length shall be suspected as being piping porosity and shall be further
evaluated with radiography.
5. For indications that remain on the display as the search unit is moved, refer to
6.13.1.
Scanning Levels
Reference, dB
Through 2-½ [65 mm] 14
> 2-½ through 5 [65-125 mm] 19
> 5 through 10 [125-250 mm] 29
> 10 through 15 [250-380 mm] 39
b
This column refers to sound path distance: NOT material thickness.
.
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Table 6.3
2. Class B and C discontinuities shall not begin at a distance less than 2L from weld
ends carrying primary tensile stress, L being the discontinuity length.
3. Discontinuities detected at “ Scanning level” in the root face area of CJP double
groove weld joints shall be evaluated using an indicating rating 4 dB more
sensitive than described in 6.26.6.5 when such welds are designated as “tension
welds” on the drawing (subtract 4 dB from the indication rating “d”). this shall not
apply if the weld joint is back gouged to sound metal to remove the root face and
MT used to verify that the root face has been removed.
4. For indications that remain on the display as the search unit is moved, refer to
6.13.2.1.
Scanning Levels
Reference, dB
Through 2-½ [65 mm] 20
> 2-½ through 5 [65-125 mm] 25
> 5 through 10 [125-250 mm] 35
> 10 through 15 [250-380 mm] 45
b
This column refers to sound path distance: NOT material thickness.
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Table 6.7
Testing Angle (See 6.26.5.2)
Procedure Chart
Material Thickness, in. [mm]
5/16 [8] > 1-1/2 [38] > 1-3/4 [45] > 2-1/2 [60] > 3-1/2 [90] > 4-1/2 [110] > 5 [130] > 6-1/2 [160] > 7 [180
Weld Type to to to to to to to to
1-1/2 [38] 1-3/4 [45] 2-1/2 [60] 3-1/2 [90] 4-1/2 [110] 5 [130] 6-1/2 [160] 7 [180] 8 [20
* * * * * * * *
1G 1G 6 8 9 12
Butt 1 0 1 F OR F OR F OF F OF F OR F OR F
4 5 7 10 11 13
F F F F F F F
T- 1 0 1 OR 4 OR 5 OR 7 OR 10 OR 11 OR 13 OR --
XF XF XF XF XF XF XF
F 1G F 1G F 6 F 8 F 9 F 13 F
Corner 1 0 1 OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR OR ---
XF 4 XF 5 XF 7 XF 10 XF 11 XF 14 XF
Electro gas & 1G 1G P1 6 11 11 11
Electro slag 1 0 1 0 OR 1** OR OR OR P3 OR P3 OR P3 OR P3 OR
4 3 P3 7 15 15 15 15
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Notes:
1. Where possible, all examinations shall be made from face A and in Leg 1, unless otherwise specified
in this table.
2. Root areas of single groove weld joints which have backing not requiring removal by contract, shall
be tested in Leg 1, where possible, with Face A being that opposite the backing.(Grinding of the
weld face or testing from additional weld faces may be necessary to permit complete scanning of the
weld root.)
3. Examination in Leg II or III shall be made only to satisfy provisions of this table or when necessary
to test weld areas made inaccessible by an ungrounded weld surface. Or interference with other
portions of the weldment, or to meet the requirements of 6.26.6.2.
4. A maximum of Leg III shall be used only where thickness or geometry prevents scanning of
complete weld areas and HAZs in Leg I or Leg II.
5. On tension welds in cyclically loaded structures, the top quarter of thickness shall be tested with the
final leg of sound progressing from face B toward Face A, the bottom quarter of thickness shall be
tested with the final leg of sound progressing from Face A toward Face B; i.e.. the top quarter of
thickness shall be tested either from Face A in Leg II or from Face B in Leg I at the contractor`s
option, unless otherwise specified in the contract documents.
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6. The weld face indicated shall be ground flush before using procedure 1G,6,8,9,12,14,or 15. Face A
for both connected members shall be in the same plane.
Table 6.7(Continued)
Legend:
X --- Check from Face “C”.
G --- Grind weld face flush.
O --- Not required.
A Face --- the face of the material from which the initial scanning is done (on T-and
corner joints, follow above sketches)
B Face --- opposite the “A” face (same plate.)
C Face --- the face opposite the weld on the connecting member or a T-or corner joint.
* --- Required only where display reference height indication of discontinuity is noted at the weld
Metal – base metal interface while searching at scanning level with primary procedures
selected from first column.
** --- Use 15 in.[400 mm] or 20 in. [500 mm] screen distance calibration.
P --- Pitch and catch shall be conducted for further discontinuity evaluation in only the middle half
Of the material thickness with only 45° or 70° transducers of equal specification, both facing
the weld. (transducers must be held in a fixture to control positioning ---see sketch.)
Amplitude calibration for pitch and catch is normally made by calibrating a single search unit.
When switching to dual search units for pitch and catch inspection, there should be assurance
that this calibration does not change as a result of instrument variables.
F --- Weld metal-base metal interface indications shall be further evaluated with either 70°,60°,or
45° transducer---whichever sound path is nearest to being perpendicular to the suspected
Fusion surface.
Procedure Legend
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13. DOCUMENTATION
Ultrasonic examination conducted as per this procedure shall be reported on a
standard ultrasonic examination report and shall contain the following information
at a minimum:
o Client
o Job number
o Location
o Drawing/Line number
o Weld number
o Repair reference
o Date
o Welder ID
o Flaw detector : type and serial number
o Probe: frequency, sensitivity
o Technicians name And Level
o Accept/Reject criteria.
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NOTES:
1. Testing patterns are all symmetrical around the weld axis with the
exception of pattern D which is conducted directly over the weld axis.
2. Testing from both sides of the weld axis is to be made wherever
mechanically possible.
PLAN VIEW OF UT SCANNING PATTERN
FIGURE 2