INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

BS (CS) Thesis
ONLINE MIDTERM EXAMINATION SYSTEM

THESIS SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE DEGREE.

January 2017
 INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

BS(CS) Thesis
ONLINE MIDTERM EXAMINATION SYSTEM

Submitted By

1. Maria Qureshi 2K14/CSM/32

2. Maria Kamboh 2K14/CSM/33
3. Misbah Khan 2K14/CSM/36
4. Sana SheikhShaikh
2K14/CSM/107
5. Farhat-ul-Ain 2K14/CSC/04

I
 January 2017

University of Sindh, Jamshoro

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Online Examination System

(OES)has been carried out by maria Qureshi Student1, maria kamboh Student2
and misbah khan Student3, Sana Shaikh Student4, farhat-ul-ain Student5
during the academic year 2016 as a partial requirement for the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Computer Science (BSCS).

____________________ ____________________

Project Supervisor Director

MAM HIRA NAQVI DR. MUHAMMAD SATTAR SOMROO

Assistant Professor/Associate
Professor/Professor/ Lecturer
Institute of Mathematics & Computer Science,
University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan
II
Professor
Institute of Mathematics & Computer Science,
University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan
 DECLARATION

This thesis is our original work and has not been ever submitted, in whole or in
part for a degree at this or any other university. Nor it contain, to the best of our
knowledge and belief any material published or written by any other person,
except as acknowledged in the text.

_______________________

MARIA QURESHI

_______________________

MARIA KAMBOH

_______________________

MISBAH KHAN

_______________________

SANA SHAIKH

_______________________

FARHAT-UL-AIN

III
 COPY RIGHTS

We here by authorize University of Sindh, Jamshoro to supply of our thesis to

individual or libraries for study purposes only.

However, no any part of this thesis or the information contained therein may be
included in a publication or referred in any publication without prior written
permission of the authors. Any reference must be fully acknowledged.

_______________________

MARIA QURESHI

_______________________

MARIA KAMBOH

_______________________

MISBAH KHAN

_______________________

SANA SHAIKH

_______________________

FARHAT-UL-AIN

IV
 DEDICATION

First of all we are thankful to almighty ALLAH who gave us wisdom, courage
and guidance to successfully complete this project.

This report is dedicated to our beloved parents, who helped us in all aspect of life,
encouraged us to achieve our goals and did their best to uplift us to the heights of
an ideal life.

Is dedicated to COMPUTER SCIENCE where we grow, learn not only textual

knowledge but also purpose of life and became from unripe fruit to ripe one.

V
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praise to ALLAH Almighty, the most Righteous, Gracious, beneficent and the
ever merciful, who made us able enough to complete this task. May Allah’s
Blessings be with us all the way (Aameen).

Our sincere Prof MAM HIRA NAQVI for his valuable Supervisor of Institute of
COMPUTER SCIENCE owes great many thanks. she always helped us out from
any relevant or irrelevant problem, listened us patiently, and extended h er
cooperation and matchless experience whenever we asked for it. Without h er
parental advices and directions, Technical guidance, and untiring devotion, this
project could not have been materialized. she guided us right from the beginning
of this project till the submission of this document..

We also feel grateful to our respectable teachers for their help at every step of this
project.

We are also thankful to our colleagues whose suggestions co-operation helped us

a lot in this project.

And last, but not the least, all salutes to our parents, and other family members
for being with us through all and sundry. They helped us financially, morally,
spiritually and in all virtues wherever they can, and whenever we needed it.

Sincere thanks and regards,

All Group Member

VI
 ABSTRACT

The major objective of this project is to develop an online examination system for
students whereby exams/tests can be created and conducted online so as to ensure
the credibility of the Assessment.

This web application provides facility to conduct Online Examination. This web
application helps teacher to easily assess the knowledge of students without too
much hard work. Administrator has a privilege to create, modify and delete the
test paper and its particular question. User can be register, login and give the test
with his specific user name and password and see the result on the spot.

Enables the Admin to create subjects to be undertaken by students. Enables the

Admin to create Test conductors. Enables the Admin to enroll students in subjects.
Enables the Test conductors to create subjects to be undertaken by student.

VII
Contents
DECLARATION ............................................................................................ III
COPY RIGHTS .............................................................................................. IV
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ V
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................. VI
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... VII

LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................ XII

ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... XIII
CHAPTER 1 ..................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 M OTIVATION OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................... 1
1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... 1

1.3 S COPE OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 2

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 3

1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE .............................................................................. 3

1.4.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE ............................................................................... 3
C HAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................ 5
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................... 5

2.1 THE PHP TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................. 5

2.1.1 THE PHP PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE: ........................................... 5
2.1.2 PHP PLATFORM ....................................................................................... 6

2.2 M YSQL ........................................................................................................ 7

2.3 SQLYOG ENTERPRISE ............................................................................ 10
2.3.1 SQLYOG QUERY BROWSER ............................................................. 11
2.4 WHAT IS DATABASE? ................................................................................. 12
2.5 APACHE SERVER .......................................................................................... 13
2.6 THE SUBLIME TEXT ................................................................................ 15
2.7 THE HTML ................................................................................................ 16
2.8 CSS ........................................................................................................... 17
2.9 THE JAVASCRIPT .................................................................................... 18
2.10 THE BOOTSTRAP ................................................................................ 19
2.11 HARDWARE TOOLS ............................................................................ 19
2.11.1 WINDOW-XP 2010 ........................................................................... 19
2.11.2 RAM ................................................................................................. 20
CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................... 21

VIII
SYSTEM PLANNING , DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ............................................. 21
3.1 P LANNING .................................................................................................. 21
3.2 S OFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES ............................................... 21
3.2.1 SPIRAL M ODEL ..................................................................................... 21
3.2.2 P ROTOTYPING ...................................................................................... 23
3.2.3 EXTREME PROGRAMMING ..................................................................... 25
3.2.4 INCREMENTAL MODEL .......................................................................... 27
3.3 S YSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................... 28
3.3.1 P URPOSE .............................................................................................. 28
3.4 W HAT IS UML? .......................................................................................... 28
3.4.1 S TRUCTURE DIAGRAMS ......................................................................... 29
3.4.2 BEHAVIORAL DIAGRAMS ...................................................................... 34
3.4.3 PROJECT USE CASE MODEL .................................................................... 36
3.4.4 CLASS RESPONSIBILITY COLLABORATOR (CRC) MODELS ........................ 37
C HAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................... 43
SYTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OES ( ONLINE EXAMINATION SYSTEM ) ............... 43
4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT ........................................................................... 43
4.2 S OFTWARE INTERFACE ................................................................................ 43
4.3 S ERVER SIDE SOFTWARE ............................................................................. 43
S TUDENT A SPECT: ........................................................................................... 44
ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 44
4.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT .......................................................................... 44
4.4.1 S ERVER SIDE HARDWARE ...................................................................... 44
4.4.2 CLIENT SIDE HARDWARE ...................................................................... 45
4.5 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS .............................................................. 45
4.5.1 P ERFORMANCE : .................................................................................... 45
4.5.2 USABILITY: ....................................................................................... 45
4.5.3 AVAILABILITY: ................................................................................ 45
4.6 IMPLIMENTATION ........................................................................................ 46
4.6.1 MAIN PAGE ........................................................................................... 46
4.6.2 WELCOME P AGE ................................................................................... 47
4.6.3 P ROFILE P AGE ...................................................................................... 47
4.6.4 REGISTRATION PAGE ............................................................................. 48
4.6.5 L OGIN PAGE ......................................................................................... 49
C HAPTER 5 ...................................................................................................... 51

IX
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ...................................................................... 51
1.2 S UMMARY .................................................................................................. 51
1.3 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 52
1.4 F UTURE W ORK ........................................................................................... 53

X
 LIST OF TABLES

T ABLE 2-1 T ABLE OF N UMBERS ........................................... E RROR ! B OOKMARK NOT DEFINED .

T ABLE 4-1: T ABLE OF NUMBERS .......................................... E RROR ! B OOKMARK NOT DEFINED .

XI
 LIST OF FIGURES
F IGURE 1:MY SQL D ATABASE ............................................................................................... 10
F IGURE 2 SQL YOG ENTERPRISE ............................................................................................ 11
F IGURE 3: SQL Q UERY ......................................................................................................... 11
F IGURE 4: Q UERY B UILDER ................................................................................................... 12
F IGURE 5 DATABASE ............................................................................................................. 13
F IGURE 6: BROWSER SERVER 1 ............................................................................................... 14
F IGURE 7: BROWSER SERVER 2 ............................................................................................... 14
F IGURE 8:BROWSER SERVER 3 ............................................................................................... 15
F IGURE 9: S UBLIME T EXT 3 GUI ........................................................................................... 16
F IGURE 10: S PIRAL M ODEL ................................................................................................... 22
F IGURE 11: P ROTOTYPING PROCESS MODEL ............................................................................ 24
F IGURE 12:E XTREME P ROGRAMMING M ODEL ......................................................................... 26
F IGURE 13:I NCREMENTAL PROCESS MODEL ............................................................................ 27
F IGURE 14: UML D IAGRAMS ................................................................................................. 29
F IGURE 15: C LASS D IAGRAM ................................................................................................. 30
F IGURE 16: ACTIVITY D IAGRAM ( A) ....................................................................................... 32
F IGURE 17:ACTIVITY D IAGRAM (B) ........................................................................................ 33
F IGURE 18: ACTIVITY D IAGRAM (C) ....................................................................................... 33
F IGURE 19:APPEAR FOR TEST SEQUENCE DIAGRAM ..................................................... 34
F IGURE 20: SEQUENCE D IAGRAM (B) ..................................................................................... 35
F IGURE 21:CRC M ODEL ....................................................................................................... 37
F IGURE 22:4.6.2 WELCOME PAGE ................................................................................... 47
F IGURE 23: P ROFILE P AGE .................................................................................................... 47
F IGURE 24:T EACHER R EGISTRATION P AGE ............................................................................. 48
F IGURE 25: S TUDENT REGISTRATION P AGE ............................................................................ 49
F IGURE 26: LOGIN P AGE ....................................................................................................... 50

XII
 ABBREVIATIONS

OES Online Examination System

PHP Hypertext PreProcessor

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

JS JavaScript
DB Database

<!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type

<Body> Define the document

<Div> Define a section of document

<Footer> Define a footer for a document

<Form> Define an html form for user input

<Head> Define information about the document

<Header> Define a header for a document or section

<Nav> Define navigation link

<Style> Define style information for a document

Bg Background color

XIII
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we provide motivation and contributions of this thesis and at the
end of the chapter, we present structure of the rest of the thesis.

1.1 MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT

By the grace of ALLAH,being the student of COMPUTER SCIENCE department we

got a very kind,friendly and helpful teaching staff.and during the interaction with our
teachers we felt that ,taking manually exam it is very tedious and time consuming task
for teacher .So keeping above points in mind we were motivatived to develop a web
based Online Examination System.
In customary framework directing exam is extremely repetitive work for analyst and
educator too. The entire procedure of allocating exam and assessing their score after
the test was done physically till date. Be that as it may, online examination framework
is absolutely electronic framework. The framework goes for diminishing expenses
connected with directing exams over a timeframe and accomplishing complete
computerization of examination framework related assignments like enlistment,
distribution of results, which prompts a high level of framework effectiveness. In the
wake of sexperiencing huge numbers of reference papers at long last we are concluded
that we can manufactured one examination framework that can be give easy to
understand access to establish for directing exam and investigation of result.

1.2 BACKGROUND

Online Examination System is a system that many educational institutions and all
users of the system can benefit from it. Many institutions use various paper
materials and pens to process the manual examination. But in this system, it
provides the student information, questionnaires, and answers and automatically
computes the scores. It conducted through the website to remote candidates.

1
Candidate is given a limited time to answer the questions and after the time expiry
the answer paper is disabled automatically and answers is sent to the examiner.
The examiner will evaluate answers, either through automated process or manually
and the results will be sent to the candidate. Today many organizations are
conducting online examinations worldwide successfully and issue results online.
There are advantages and disadvantages in online examinations. The advantage is
that it can be conducted for remote candidates a n d evaluation of answers can be
fully automated for multiple choice questions can be evaluated manuall y or
through automated system, depending on the nature of the questions and the
requirements. The disadvantage is there is no method to identify whether the exact
students take that exam.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The system will help in tedious task of conducting examination a lot easier. The
propose system takes advantages of the advances made in IT provide large -scale
qualitative and quantitative improvements. The system envisaged, involves
application software development, setting-up of hardware at a central examination
system(CSE) and designed examination centers(DEC).

In general, scope of the project is very broad in term of other manually taking
exams few of them are:

 Can be used in exam hall any time as it is a web based application (user
location doesn’t matter)
 No restriction that examiner has to be has to be present when the candidate
takes the test.
 Design to facilitate administrator and user.
 Online examination is designed for educational institutes like schools,
colleges and private institutes to conduct logic test of their students or
employees on regular basis.

2
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.4.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

General objective of our project is to change the current manual system into
computerized one. This project would be very useful for educational institutes
where regular evaluation of students’ is required.

1.4.2 S PECIFIC OBJECTIVE

 Online examination project assesses student by conducting online objective

tests. Responses by the candidates will be checked automatically.
 It reduces time consuming.
 Being an integrated online examination system reduce paper work.
 Questions can have multiple options, multiple answers or can be text
answers. To allow department to create tests and answers.
 The result will be shown after some time to the participating students.
 Can generate various report for evaluation purpose when and where
required
 This project will enable educational institutes to conduct test and have
automated checking of answers based on the response by the candidates
 It would enable educational status to perform testes quiz.

3
4
 CHAPTER 2

TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY

In this chapter we present the tools and technology that we have used for the
development of this project.

2.1 THE PHP TECHNOLOGY

Php Stands for Hypertext PreProcessor Language. It is one of the widely used
scripting language for world wide web.

2.1.1 THE PHP PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE:

PHP(Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose

scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML.

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more
people found out how useful it was. Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of
PHP way back in 1994.

Php (hypertext preprocessor) is a server side scripting language which used to

develop a dynamic websites. PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a
system it can create, open, read, write, and close them. The other uses of PHP are:

PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, thru email
you can send data, return data to the user.

You add, delete, modify elements within your database thru PHP.

Access cookies variables and set cookies.

Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website

It can encrypt data.

5
 2.1.2 PHP PLATFORM

List of platforms and contacts to people that maintain and test PHP on those
platforms. The list is not just a short draft, feel free to add additional
platforms, web servers and contacts. The page is a result of this discussion

Disclaimer: This is not a list of supported platforms, it is only for information

purpose.

Operating
Architecture Supported Web Server Contact
System

FreeBSD x86 ?? Yahoo Inc.

FreeBSD amd64 ?? ??

FreeBSD PPC ?? ??

Apache 1.x, Apache 2.x,

Linux x86 PHP Developement Group
Lighttpd

Apache 1.x, Apache 2.x,

Linux amd64 PHP Developement Group
Lighttpd

Linux SPARC ?? ??

Linux ARM ?? ??

Apache 1.x, Apache 2.x,

Mac OSX x86 PHP Developement Group
Lighttpd

6
 Operating
Architecture Supported Web Server Contact
System

Mac OSX PPC ?? ??

NetBSD x86 ?? ??

NetBSD amd64 ?? ??

OpenBSD x86 ?? ??

(Open)Solaris x86 Apache 1.x, Apache 2.x

(Open)Solaris SPARC Apache 1.x, Apache 2.x

Apache 2.x, IIS6/7 windows 2k

Windows x86/x64 PHP Windows Team, Mic
or later

platforms.txt · Last modified: 2017/09/22 13:28 (external edit)

2.2 MYSQL

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is
developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.

The MySQL website (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest information

about MySQL software.
 MySQL is a database management system.

7
A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple
shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate
network. To add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need
a database management system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very
good at handling large amounts of data, database management systems play a
central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.

 MySQL databases are relational.

A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data
in one big storeroom. The database structures are organized into physical files
optimized for speed. The logical model, with objects such as databases, tables,
views, rows, and columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up
rules governing the relationships between different data fields, such as one-to-one,
one-to-many, unique, required or optional, and “pointers” between different
tables. The database enforces these rules, so that with a well-designed database,
your application never sees inconsistent, duplicate, orphan, out-of-date, or missing
data.

The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”. SQL is the
most common standardized language used to access databases. Depending on your
programming environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to generate
reports), embed SQL statements into code written in another language, or use a
language-specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

SQL is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been
evolving since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, “SQL-92” refers to
the standard released in 1992, “SQL:1999” refers to the standard released in 1999,
and “SQL:2003”refers to the current version of the standard. We use the
phrase “the SQL standard” to mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any
time.

 MySQL software is Open Source.

Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software.
Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without
paying anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit

8
your needs. The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU General Public
License), http://www.fsf.org/licenses/, to define what you may and may not do
with the software in different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with t he GPL
or need to embed MySQL code into a commercial application, you can buy a
commercially licensed version from us. See the MySQL Licensing Overview for
more information (http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

 The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to
use.

If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL Server can run
comfortably on a desktop or laptop, alongside your other applications, web
servers, and so on, requiring little or no attention. If you dedicate an entire machine
to MySQL, you can adjust the settings to take advantage of all the memory, CPU
power, and I/O capacity available. MySQL can also scale up to clusters of
machines, networked together.

MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases much faster
than existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding
production environments for several years. Although under constant development,
MySQL Server today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity,
speed, and security make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on
the Internet.

 MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multi-

threaded SQL server that supports different back ends, several different client
programs and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application
programming interfaces (APIs).

We also provide MySQL Server as an embedded multi-threaded library that you

can link into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone
product.

 A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

9
MySQL Server has a practical set of features developed in close cooperation with
our users. It is very likely that your favorite application or language supports the
MySQL Database Server.

The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”),
but we do not mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized
way.

Figure 1:MySQL Database

2.3 SQLYOG ENTERPRISE

SQLyog is a GUI tool for the RDBMS MySQL. It is developed by Webyog, Inc.
based in Bangalore, India and Santa Clara California. SQLyog is being used by
more than 30,000 customers worldwide and has been downloaded more than
2,000,000 times.

10
 Figure 2 SQL yog enterprise

Figure 3: SQL Query

2.3.1 SQLYOG QUERY BROWSER

SQLyog provides you with a powerful GUI (graphical) Query Builder. The Query
Builder is a 'special TAB in the SQL editor area of the program. When the program
opens it will display one such tab. You can add more from the 'file' and the
'powertools' menu.

11
The Query Builder can be selected by clicking on the "+" icon in the query editor
line to the right of all open tabs and select the option “New Query Builder”.

Figure 4: Query Builder

2.4 WHAT IS DATABASE?

A database is an organized collection of data.[1] A relational database, more

restrictively, is a collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other
elements. Database designers typically organize the data to model aspects of
reality in a way that supports processesrequiring information, such as (for
example) modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports
finding a hotel with vacancies.

A database-management system (DBMS) is a computer-software application that

interacts with end-users, other applications, and the database itself to capture and
analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS allows the definition, creation, querying,
update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs
include MySQL, PostgreSQL, EnterpriseDB, MongoDB, MariaDB, Microsoft
SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, SAP HANA, MemSQL, SQLite and IBM DB2.

A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs, but different DBMSs
can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a
single application to work with more than one DBMS. Computer scientists may

12
classify database-management systems according to the database models that they
support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all supported
the relational model - generally associated with
the SQL language.[disputed – discuss] Sometimes a DBMS is loosely referred to
as a "database".

Figure 5 database

2.5 APACHE SERVER

The Apache HTTP Server called Apache. Apache is free and open-source cross-
platform web server software. To execute the php coding it is necessary to install
apache server to your PC without it php does not work

Xampp is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution

stack package developed by Apache Friends,[2] consisting mainly of the Apache
HTTP Server, MariaDB database, and interpreters for scripts written in
the PHP and Perl programming languages.[3][4] XAMPP stands for Cross-
Platform (X), Apache (A), MariaDB (M), PHP (P) and Perl (P). It is a simple,
lightweight Apache distribution that makes it extremely easy for developers to
create a local web server for testing and deployment purposes. Everything needed
to set up a web server – server application (Apache), database (MariaDB), and
scripting language (PHP) – is included in an extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-

13
platform, which means it works equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows. Since
most actual web server deployments use the same components as XAMPP, it
makes transitioning from a local test server to a live server extremely easy as well.

Figure 6: browser server 1

Figure 7: browser server 2

14
 Figure 8:browser server 3

2.6 THE SUBLIME TEXT

Sublime Text 3 is a proprietary cross-platform source code editor with a

Python application programming interface (API). It natively supports many
programming languages and markup languages, and functions can be
added by users with plugins, typically community-built and maintained
under free-software licenses.

15
 Figure 9: Sublime Text 3 GUI

2.7 THE HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for

creating web pages and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
and JavaScript it forms a triad of cornerstone technologies for the World Wide
Web.[3] Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local
storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure
of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the
document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML
constructs, images and other objects, such as interactive forms,may be embedded
into the rendered page. It provides a means to create structured documents by
denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links,
quotes and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle
brackets. Tags such as <img /> and <input /> introduce content into the page
directly. Others such as <p>...</p> surround and provide information about
document text and may include other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not
display the HTML tags, but use them to interpret the content of the page.

16
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such
as JavaScript which affect the behavior and content of web pages. Inclusion of
CSS defines the look and layout of content. The World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, has
encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.

2.8 CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing
the presentation of a document written in a markup language.Although most often
used to set the visual style of web pages and user interfaces written
in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML document,
including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech, or
on oter media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology
used by most websites to create visually engaging webpages, user interfaces
for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.

CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of presentation and content,

including aspects such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can
improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple HTML pages to share
formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content.

Separation of formatting and content makes it possible to present the same markup
page in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print,
by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader), and on Braille-based tactile
devices. It can also display the web page differently depending on the screen size
or viewing device. Readers can also specify a different style sheet, such as a CSS
file stored on their own computer, to override the one the author specified.

Changes to the graphic design of a document (or hundreds of documents) can be

applied quickly and easily, by editing a few lines in the CSS file they use, rather
than by changing markup in the documents.

17
The CSS specification describes a priority scheme to determine which style rules
apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so -
called cascade, priorities (or weights) are calculated and assigned to rules, so that
the results are predictable.

2.9 THE JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly

typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.
Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies
of World Wide Webcontent production. It is used to make webpages interactive
and provide online programs, including video games. The majority
of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need
for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine. Each of the many JavaScript
engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on
the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully,
and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.

As a multi-paradigm language, JavaScript supports event-driven, functional,

and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming
styles. It has an API for working with text, arrays, dates, regular expressions, and
basic manipulation of the DOM, but the language itself does not include any I/O,
such as networking, storage, or graphics facilities, relying for these upon the host
environment in which it is embedded.

Initially only implemented client-side in web browsers, JavaScript engines are

now embedded in many other types of host software, including server-side in web
servers and databases, and in non-web programs such as word processors
and PDF software, and in runtime environments that make JavaScript available for
writing mobile and desktop applications, including desktop widgets.

Although there are strong outward similarities between JavaScript and Java,
including language name, syntax, and respective standard libraries, the two
languages are distinct and differ greatly in design; JavaScript was influenced by
programming languages such as Selfand Scheme.

18
2.10 THE BOOTSTRAP

Bootstrapping usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to proceed

without external input. In computer technology the term (usually shortened
to booting) usually refers to the process of loading the basic software into the
memory of a computer after power-on or general reset, especially the operating
system which will then take care of loading other software as needed.

The term appears to have originated in the early 19th-century United States
(particularly in the phrase "pull oneself over a fence by one's bootstraps") to mean
an absurdly impossible action, an adynaton.

2.11 HARDWARE TOOLS

2.11.1 WINDOW-XP 2010

Windows XP (codenamed Whistler) is a personal computer operating system that

was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating
systems. It was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and broadly
released for retail sale on October 25, 2001.

Development of Windows XP began in the late 1990s as "Neptune", an operating

system built on the Windows NT kernel which was intended specifically for
mainstream consumer use. An updated version of Windows 2000 was also
originally planned for the business market; however, in January 2000, both
projects were shelved in favor of a single OS codenamed "Whistler", which would
serve as a single OS platform for both consumer and business markets. Windows
XP was a major advance from the MS-DOS based versions of Windows in
security, stability and efficiency due to its use of Windows NT underpinnings. It
introduced a significantly redesigned graphical user interface and was the first
version of Windows to use product activation in an effort to reduce its copyright
infringement.

19
Upon its release, Windows XP received generally positive reviews, with critics
noting increased performance and overall stability (especially in comparison
to Windows ME), a more intuitive user interface, improved hardware support, and
its expanded multimedia capabilities.Despite some initial concerns over the new
licensing model and product activation system,

2.11.2 RAM

Random-access memory (RAM /ræm/) is a form of computer data storage that

stores data and machine code currently being used. A random-access memory
device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time
irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. In contrast, with
other direct-access data storage media such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-
RWsand the older magnetic tapes and drum memory, the time required to read and
write data items varies significantly depending on their physical locations on the
recording medium, due to mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds
and arm movement.

RAM contains multiplexing and demultiplexing circuitry, to connect the data

lines to the addressed storage for reading or writing the entry. Usually more than
one bit of storage is accessed by the same address, and RAM devices often have
multiple data lines and are said to be "8-bit" or "16-bit", etc. devices.

20
 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM PLANNING , DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 PLANNING

Whether your business focus is providing services, manufacturing products,

distribution or a combination of all of these, or have a fundamental need for precise
and flexible planning and scheduling software .There could be separate chapter
of such a detail but current focus is plane to choose one of the software
development methodologies.

3.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES

3.2.1 S PIRAL MODEL

The spiral model is a software development process combining elements of both

design and prototyping-in stages, in an effort to combine advantages of top-down
and bottom-up concept.

21
 Figure 10: Spiral Model

Description of the spiral model:

The development spiral consists of four quadrants as shown in the figure above
Quadrant 1: Determine objectives, alternatives, and constraints.

Quadrant 2: Evaluate alternatives, identify, and resolve risks.

Quadrant 3: Develop, verify, next-level product.

Quadrant 4: Plan next phases.

Characteristics Strengths Weaknesses Applicability

Intended for large, expensive and It provides better The spiral model is Used in
complicated projects. risk management more complex and shrinkwrap
harder to manage. application
than other
models.

22
Starts with a design goal and ends Requirements are This method Used most
with the client better defined usually increases often in
development costs large
and schedule. projects

Combines the features of the .. System is more Highly customized US military

prototyping model and the responsive to user limiting reusability. use spiral
waterfall model needs. model in
Future
Combat
Systems
program

3.2.2 PROTOTYPING

The prototyping Model is a system development method (SDM) in which a

porotype (an early approximation of a final system or product) is built, tested, and
then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from
which the complete system or product can now be developed. This model works
best in scenarios where not all of the project requirements are known in detail
ahead of time. It is an iterative. Trial-and error process that place between the
developers and the users.

23
Figure 11: Prototyping process model

24
 Characteristics Strengths Weaknesses Applicability

There are pragmatic and practical Operational Because there are Used in
limitations to the ability of a capability is more activities and transaction
prototype processing
achieved earlier changes, there is
in the program. usually an increase
in both cost and
schedule over the

Waterfall method.

Individual prototype costs will be Newer technology Instead of a single Used in

substantially greater than the final can be incorporated switch over to a designing
production costs into the system as it new system, there good
becomes available is an ongoing human
during later impact to current computer
prototypes. operations. interfaces

Used to revise the design for the Documentation Configuration Used batch
purposes of reducing costs through emphasizes the management processing
optimization and refinement final product activities are or systems
instead of the increased. that mostly
evolution of the do
product. calculations

3.2.3 E XTREME PROGRAMMING

Extreme Programming (XP) is a software development methodology

which is intended to improve software quality and responsiveness to
changing customer requirements.

25
 Figure 12:Extreme Programming Model

Characteristics Strengths Weaknesses Applicability

Improve Allows you to Has not yet been Used in

productivity and focus on coding widely used Project
introduce and avoid
checkpoints where needless Management
new customer paperwork and
requirements can meetings.
be adopted.

Programming in Creates working Lack of design Used in XP

pairs or doing software faster, documentation and
extensive code and that
review software tends Web
to have very few Development
defects.

Works at a delivers working Lack of a Used for

quality situations

26
 Sustainable pace. software for less plan when customers
money, and the may not have a
software is more firm idea of what
likely to do what the system should
the end users look like.
actually want.

3.2.4 I NCREMENTAL MODEL

The incremental build model is a method of software development where the

model is designed, implemented and tested incrementally until the product is
finished. It involves both development and maintenance. The product is defined
as finished when it satisfies all of its requirements. This model combines the
elements of the waterfall model with the iterative philosophy of prototyping.

Figure 13:Incremental process model

Characteristics Strengths Weaknesses Applicability

Decomposed into a Allows some Cost and schedule Inverse model

number of requirements overruns may result equations are used
components, each of modification and may in an unfinished
which are designed allow the addition of system.
and built separately new requirements

27
Creates a large A usable product Operations are Prescribes the
initial capital is available with impacted as each construction of
outlay with the the first release, new release is initially small but
subsequent long and each cycle deployed. ever larger
wait avoided. results in greater portions of a
functionality. software project

Ease the traumatic The project can be Because Essential parts of

effect of stopped any time development is the Rational
introducing after the first cycle spread out over Unified Process
completely new and leave a multiple
system all at once. working product. iterations,
interfaces
between modules
must be well-
defined in the
beginning.

3.3 SYSTEM DESIGN

Design is the abstraction of a solution; it is the general description of the solution

to a problem without a details. Design is view pattern seen in the analysis phase
to be a pattern in a design phase. After design phase we can reduce the time
required the implementation.

3.3.1 PURPOSE

As stated in Requirement Analysis Document, the purpose of the system is to

provide system teachers and students with a central location for organizing various
events. Test starting and completion time are recorded by the server

3.4 WHAT IS UML?

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a diagramming language or notation to

specify, visualize and document models of Object Oriented software systems.

28
UML is not a development method that means it does not tell you what to do first
and what to do next or how to design your system, but it helps you to visualize
your design and communicate with others. UML is controlled by the Object
Management Group (OMG) and is the industry standard for graphically describing
software. UML is designed for Object Oriented software design and has limited
use for other programming paradigms. UML is composed of many model elements
that represent the different parts of a software system. The UML elements are used
to create diagrams, which represent a certain part, or a point of view of the system.

There are following types of diagrams generally defined for UML:

Figure 14: UML Diagrams

3.4.1 STRUCTURE DIAGRAMS

It shows things in a system being modeled. In a more technical term they

show different objects in a system.

29
 C LASS DIAGRAM :

Class diagrams are arguably the most used UML diagram type. It is the main
building block of any object oriented solution. It shows the classes in a system,
attributes and operations of each class and the relationship between each class.

Figure 15: Class Diagram

C OMPONENT DIAGRAM:

A component diagram displays the structural relationship of components

of a software system.

These are mostly used when working with complex systems that have
many components.

D EPLOYMENT DIAGRAM :

A deployment diagrams shows the hardware of your system and the

software in that hardware. Deployment diagrams are useful when your
software solution is deployed across multiple machines with each having
a unique configuration.

30
 O BJECT DIAGRAM:

Object Diagrams, sometimes referred as Instance diagrams are very similar to

class diagrams. As class diagrams they also show the relationship between objects
but they use real world examples.

PACKAGE DIAGRAM :

As the name suggests a package diagrams shows the dependencies between

different packages in a system.

C OMPOSITE STRUCTURE DIAGRAM :

They are used to show the internal structure of a class.

U SE CASE DIAGRAM :

A use case describes a sequence of interactions between a user and system, without
specifying the user interface. Use cases describe the system functions from the
perspective of external users and in a manner and terminology they understand.

List of use cases are:

 Registration
 Login
 Manage group
 Paper generate
 Appear for test
 Result generation

A CTIVITY DIAGRAM:

Activity diagrams represent workflows in a graphical way. They can be used to

describe business workflow or the operational workflow of any component in a
system.

31
 Figure 16: Activity Diagram(a)

Answer test activity diagram

32
 Figure 17:Activity Diagram(b)

Generate result activity diagram

Figure 18: Activity Diagram(c)

33
3.4.2 B EHAVIORAL DIAGRAMS

It shows what should happen in a system. They describe how the objects
interact with each other to create a functioning system.

3.4.2.1 STATE MACHINE DIAGRAM:

State machine diagrams are similar to activity diagrams although notations and
usage changes a bit. They are sometime known as state diagrams or start chart
diagrams as well. These are very useful to describe the behavior of objects that act
different according to the state they are at the moment.

3.4.2.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM :

Sequence diagrams in UML shows how object interact with each other and the
order those interactions occur. It’s important to note that they show the
interactions for a particular scenario.

Figure 19:APPEAR FOR TEST SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

34
 Figure 20: Sequence Diagram (b)

3.4.2.3 COMMUNICATION DIAGRAM :

Communication diagram was called collaboration diagram in UML 1. It is similar

to sequence diagrams but the focus is on messages passed between objects.

3.4.2.4 I NTERACTION OVERVIEW DIAGRAM :

Interaction overview diagrams are very similar to activity diagrams. While activity
diagrams shows a sequence of processes Interaction overview diagrams shows a
sequence of interaction diagrams.

3.4.2.5 T IMING DIAGRAM :

Timing diagrams are very similar to sequence diagrams. They represent the
behavior of objects in a given time frame.

35
3.4.3 PROJECT USE CASE MODEL

The use case model of online examination system is shown in figure below :

Add question use case

36
Generate result use case

3.4.4 CLASS RESPONSIBILITY COLLABORATOR (CRC) MODELS

A Class Responsibility Collaborator (CRC) model ( Beck & Cunningham 1989; Wilkinson
1995; Ambler 1995) is a collection of standard index cards that have been divided into
three sections, as depicted in Figure 1. A class represents a collection of similar objects,
a responsibility is something that a class knows or does, and a collaborator is another
class that a class interacts with to fulfill its responsibilities

Figure 21:CRC Model

37
4 3.8 E NTITY -RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ER)

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of entity sets stored
in a database. An entity in this context is a component of data. In other words, ER
diagrams illustrate the logical structure of databases.
At first glance an entity relationship diagram looks very much like a flowchart. It
is the specialized symbols, and the meanings of those symbols, that make it unique.

The History of Entity Relationship Diagrams

Peter Chen developed ERDs in 1976. Since then Charles Bachman and James
Martin have added some slight refinements to the basic ERD principles.

Common Entity Relationship Diagram Symbols

An ER diagram is a means of visualizing how the information a system produces

is related. There are five main components of an ERD:

 Entities, which are represented by rectangles. An entity is an object or

concept about which you want to store information.A weak entity is an
entity that must defined by a foreign key relationship with another entity as
it cannot be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone.

 Actions, which are represented by diamond shapes, show how two entities
share information in the database.In some cases, entities can be self-linked.
For example, employees can supervise other employees.

38
 Attributes, which are represented by ovals. A key attribute is the unique,
distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, an employee's
social security number might be the employee's key attribute.
A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For example, an
employee entity can have multiple skill values.A derived attribute is based
on another attribute. For example, an employee's monthly salary is based

on the employee's annual salary.

 Connecting lines, solid lines that connect attributes to show the
relationships of entities in the diagram.
 Cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity relate to one
instance of another entity. Ordinality is also closely linked to cardinality.
While cardinality specifies the occurrences of a relationship, ordinality
describes the relationship as either mandatory or optional. In other words,
cardinality specifies the maximum number of relationships and ordinality
specifies the absolute minimum number of relationships.

39
 There are many notation styles that express cardinality.
Information Engineering Style

 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM OF OES(ONLINE

EXAMINATION SYSTEM)

40


41
42
 CHAPTER 4

SYTEM AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OES(ONLINE

EXAMINATION SYSTEM )

4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Required software is for conducting online examination and providing results. The
system should satisfy the following requirements:

4.2 SOFTWARE INTERFACE

4.3 SERVER SIDE SOFTWARE

Web server software, Apache xamppServer

SERVER SIDE SCRIPTING TOOLS:

PHP Database tools:

MYSQL DBMS.

Compatible operating system:

Windows Client side software Web browsers supporting ,html

JavaScript.,css,php,bootstrap

.TEACHER REQUIREMENT

1. Requesting Registration
2. Logging in to the system
3. Adding/editing/deleting the questions
4. Sending result to specific student.
5. Creating questions.
6. Posting questions.
7. Posting multiple options to respective question.

43
 8. Marking correct answer within the given options.
9. Time limit of the questions if any.
10. Set marks

S TUDENT A SPECT :

1. Requesting registration.

2. Logging into the system.

3. Selecting the questions.

4. Appearing for the examination.

5. Reviewing the given responses.

6. Changing password.

7. Resetting of forgotten password

ANALYSIS

1. Authenticating users based on username and password

2. Recording candidates’ responses to every question.

3. Checking whether the given response is correct or not.

4. Keeping history of mark reports of all users

5. The reports are required to be sent to the candidates.

6. Invitations/report for the appearance for the new test will be posted.

4.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

4.4.1 S ERVER SIDE HARDWARE

Hardware recommended by all the software needed.

44
RAM: 4GB or more

Hard Drive: 10 GB or more

Communication hardware to serve client requests

4.4.2 CLIENT SIDE HARDWARE

Hardware recommended by respective client’s operating system and web browser.

Communication hardware to communicate the server.

4.5 NON FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

4.5.1 PERFORMANCE :

After completing the exam, the entire score of the student will be calculated.

 The software shall support use of multiple users at a time.

4.5.2 USABILITY:

 The website should be user friendly and should require least effort to operate.
Portability:

 The website is made using HTML, CSS, JSP, PHP, etc. which are platform
independent and can be transported to other servers with minimum effort.

4.5.3 AVAILABILITY:

 Students can take exam only during the previously allotted time slots, however
can open site anytime to access other information.

 University can register for the exam anytime.

 This system must run on multiple operating systems and support windows
operating system

45
4.6 IMPLIMENTATION

Online Examination System(OES) is a web based application ,that star t with the
main page interface as shown below .

4.6.1 MAIN PAGE

The main page of online examination system(OES).

46
4.6.2 W ELCOME PAGE

Figure 22:4.6.2 WELCOME PAGE

4.6.3 PROFILE PAGE

Figure 23: Profile Page

47
4.6.4 REGISTRATION PAGE

This is the registration page for teachers to register into Online Examination
System(OES).

4.6.4.1 REGISTRATION FOR TEACHER

Figure 24:Teacher Registration Page

48
4.6.4.2 REGISTRATION FOR STUDENT

Figure 25: Student Registration Page

4.6.5 L OGIN PAGE

This is the login page of Online Examination System (OES), where student and
teacher can login by simply entering their user name and password.

There is login button .to remember the user name and password the user must by
providing the correct user name and password clicking on the login button the user
will be successfully login into the Online Examination System(OES)

49
 Figure 26: Login Page

Online Examination System will be used by Two actors that is ,

1. Teachers
2. Students

50
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

1.2 SUMMARY

Currently, instituions are in the race for enhancing their capability in order to
survive in the competitions of the new century education system. Therefore,
institutions are attempting to advance their agility level by improving the decision
making assessment process to be more efficient and highly effective to meet the
successive fluctuations of the assessment and evaluation of students. In an effort
to achieve this, many modern institutes, either mid or large sized, have concerned
with a cycle of progressive investments in and adopted online examination systems
to improve the evaluation process for students and teachers both. During last
decade, a high percentage of educational institutes and testing organizations
frequently used these systems to facilitate the provision of services; and that the
speed of the adoption is expected to grow further as the technology expands.

Whitten et al. (2004, p.12.), stated that "information is an arrangement of people,

data, process, and information technology that interact to collect, proce ss, store
and provide as output the information needed to support an organization," which
indicates that information system is an arrangement of groups, data, processes and
technology that act together to accumulate, process, store and provide information
output needed to enhance and speed up the process of decision making.

Online Examination System is a web application. The key concept is to minimize

the amount of paper and convert all forms of documentation to digital form. It can
observe that the information required can be obtained with ease and accuracy in
the computerized system. The user with minimum knowledge about computer can

51
be able operate the system easily. The system also produces brief result required
by the management.

Proposed system is the most appropriate replacement for present system. It has the
potential to replace the current bulk of sheets which is used by our university to
store all the required data associated to students assessments. It is designed
keeping in view all the required functionalities with a user friendly interface.
Graphical user interfaces are always convenient to use even for the end users with
very little knowledge about computer. They just need to memorize the options
with their functionalities to navigate through the menu.

1.3 CONCLUSION

Proposed system is an online examination system that stores all data about students
and employees. It fully functionally follows all requirements. System is designed
to accommodate the requirements when it comes to storage of data about students
and teachers. Hence, proposed system has all functionalities that can satisfy user
requirements and domain requirements of conducting examination online. It was
tested and verified against all requirements. Its feasibility was analyzing in the
light of feasibility analyses report.

The project has been successfully completed although with multiple setbacks that
led to some incomplete system functionality and thus limiting the applicability of
the system. Given more time and better resources the system has the potential of
real life implementation in a formal setting as that of a college/university. The
primary tools that were acquired from the experience include a better command of
SQL and PHP. To further add more elements of reality in the entire system the
project could be further simplified in terms of its interface and user interaction
modules to allow even the partly database illiterate individual to hold posts of
system administrators.

Moreover, it has provided more secure arrangement for data storage, updating and
reporting. A backend database support in association to the front end user interface
makes it convenient to input data into the backend database tables. There are fields
that have been named according to the functionality that makes it more convenient

52
to use. It is secured to use because every user has given specific rights. An admin
panel will help the admin to explore all the available rights to the system.

1.4 FUTURE WORK

In future, this system will let the organiations to store all records along with the
efficient reporting facility.There are several reports that will also be downloaded
in excel format. This will let the organization to maintain a record for future use.
We will also implement encryption/decrypion algorithms to enhance the privacy
and security issues of the system.

53