Western University

1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7

CEE 9548 b - Advanced Design and Behavior of Steel

Project-I

Industrial Steel Building

Submitted by:

Veerappan Sundaresan 250936308

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Contents

Contents .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.Coverletter: .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
2.Design brief:......................................................................................................................................................... 4
3.ETABS model views: .......................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Wind and Seismic Base shear: ............................................................................................................................ 5
5.Average net uplift and cladding wind loads: ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
6. Top deflection and comparison with NBCC requirements: ................................................................................ 9
7.Calculations: ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.1.Buildings Interior and Exterior column design:.............................................................................................. 11
7.2.Interior and exterior beam design: .................................................................................................................. 12
7.3. Crane girder ................................................................................................................................................... 12
7.4. Bracing members and connections: ............................................................................................................... 13
7.5.Beam column connections: ............................................................................................................................. 14
1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................................................ 19
5. References ........................................................................................................................................................ 19

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1. Cover letter:

A gravity and lateral load structural system was analyzed and designed for an industrial steel building using
ETABS software. The analysis was carried out by including the effects of crane girder in the building.

The building is located in Ottawa with Class A soil type.

Warehouse (ceiling height) = 9.88m from the given plan.

An office was located at North-East part of the building with a concrete slab level at 3.5m from the ground.

The warehouse has 3 crane girders located in them.

Crane 1 = 2 ton.

Crane 2 = 1 ton

Crane 3 = 2.5 ton

NBCC 2015 were used for wind calculations and NBCC 2010 for seismic loads.

Bracing members were provided as a part of lateral load resisting system in the structure.

The structures wind and seismic base shears effect is summarised, the average wind load acting on the cladding

and uplift forces on the structure are calculated. The top deflection of the building in N-S and E-W direction

under wind and seismic loads are computed and they are compared with NBCC requirements (i.e.) H/500 for

wind loads and (H/40) for seismic.

The frame elements in the structure was designed and checked for their performance.

Crane girder’s load path to foundation and their deflection details are provided along with sketches.

The bracing members were also designed with connection details and a beam-column connection is provided

and structural drawings for the building is provided using AUTOCAD.

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2. Design brief:

The loads taken for the analysis:

Roof loading –> Snow load = 1.92Kpa and dead load (including self-weight) = 1.50Kpa
Floor loading -> Live load = 4.8Kpa and dead load (including self-weight) = 2.50Kpa
The material properties used in the analysis

In the analysis part wind coefficients were applied on cladding of the structure to compute the effect of wind

loads, the wind velocity pressure of 0.41 Kpa was applied as of Ottawa region. The X bracings were provided in

three sides of the building were openings are less and not on the east side due large number of openings. Crane

girders were drawn at 7 m from ground level and they are placed over the corbel which are connected on to the

columns.

The effect of Side thrust, bumper effect, longitudinal thrust, impact load, vertical loads were taken into effect on

the crane girder. These loads were applied on 8 critical location for each crane so a total of 8*5*3 = 120 load

cases. They were combined for fatigue, single crane in an aisle, bumper impact combination. These

combinations were applied in the below combination to compute the design loads.

Based on the design loads the frame elements in the structure was designed. The CISC S 16-09 Canadian

institute of steel construction was used while designing the frame members. Joist sections were provided to

distribute the load among the beams. Loads from crane get transferred to the interior columns which flows
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through the beam and reach the exterior frames from where it dissipates onto the ground. The I/W sections are

used for the beams and some exterior columns, the interior columns and bracings are hollow sections.

3. ETABS model views:

Figure 1:3D- View

Figure3: Plan (at ceiling level)

Figure 2: Plan of Crane girder

Figure 4: Elevation- North

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 Figure 4: Elevation - North

Figure 5: Elevation - South

Figure 6: Elevation- East

Figure 7: Elevation - West

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4. Wind and Seismic Base shear:

Wind base shear is provided in the table below:

TABLE: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
- -
Wind load 215.7599 835.05 0 -4166.9355 1087.0925 37875.3629

Seismic base
shear:

TABLE: Base Reactions

Load
Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
- - - -
Seismic load 341.6704 527.3154 0 5209.8757 3375.7034 8802.4137

The base shear is more in Y direction as it is longer in length and also it doesn’t have any adjacent warehouse

building blocking the wind and seismic loads.

5. Average net uplift and cladding wind loads:

NBCC 2015 were used for in the wind load calculations:

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The average wind uplift on windward side =1125.5Kn
The average wind uplift on leeward side = 598.075 Kn

Calculation of average cladding loads includes 4 cases:

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From the above tables for i).N-S Direction average windward load = 154.8Kn
ii).E-W Direction average windward load = 171.8Kn
iii).E-W Direction average Leeward load = 125.58Kn

6. Top deflection and comparison with NBCC requirements:

Figure 8: Top story displacement due to wind x and wind y load

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 Figure 9: Top story displacement due to seismic load in x and y direction.

Comparison table:

ETABS model Code Requirements Check for serviceability

Wind load = 1.242mm (H/500)= (9880/500) =17.8mm Hence o.k (1.242<17.8)
Seismic load = 3.2mm (H/40) = (9880/40) =247mm Hence o.k (3.2<17.8)

Comments:
The displacement is maximum in x-direction because we have only one bracing in that direction. (Only one

bracing was provided due to many opening in east elevation). However they are good with code requirements.

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7.Calculations:
7.1.Buildings Interior and Exterior column design:

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 7.2.Interior and exterior beam design:

7.3. Crane girder

Crane load path

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 Critical locations can be seen

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 7.4. Bracing members and connections:

Bracing connections

7.5.Beam column connections:

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 7.6 Drawings:

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 Beam column connections (all dimensions are in mm)

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A regular building is said when the building arrangements are practically symmetrical about the axis and an

irregular building is when it needs symmetry and has discontinuity in geometry, mass or load resisting

components.

The symmetry of a building plays an important role in the structural strength of the building. In years past most

buildings were designed as regular symmetric buildings. These building mostly have their centre of mass and

centre of righty at the same point. The stiffness of the building through the height and length of the building is

the same. There is no huge change in stiffness or mass in regular building or have very less factors generating

torsion of internal forces in the building.

However, now a days architects are moving towards more innovative and aesthetic views. Irregular building

weather horizontally or vertically are in fashion now a days. Irregular buildings looks beautiful but are hard to

design and have many structural issues such as eccentricity, difference in masses, discontinuity in capacity(weak

storey) etc.

Historically regular building behave better in earthquakes than irregular buildings. Those are torsionally eccentric

one. Even those building with weak stories having more ductility will behave better in a seismic zone.

In this report we are about to discuss various types of irregular building, types of irregularities, forces resulting

to irregularities, geometric irregularities and among those effect of vertical irregularities in building.

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1. Introduction:

There are mainly two types of irregularities vertical and horizontal. These are classified according to plane of

the lack of symmetry, stiffness, load, torsion varies in as structural system. Asymmetrical structural creates a

huge torsion in the structural system. The irregularity can be due to asymmetry in size shape or even

arrangement of the member in the structural system.

Horizontal irregularities refers to asymmetric plans of the building. It can be said to have non uniform cross

sectional area, smooth corners from one end or entrants. These irregularities are also generated in buildings in I,

H, U shape or any other shape which has opening or subjected to huge torsion due to its own shape or openings.

Vertical irregularities can be described as sudden change in even shape of size along the height of the building.

This is also referred to as a sudden change in mass, stiffness strength of the building.

5. References

1. Konakalla, 1Ramesh, 2Ramesh Dutt Chilakapati, and Harinadha Raparla. "Effect of Vertical Irregularity

in Multi-Storied Buildings Under Dynamic Loads Using Linear Static Analysis."

Http://ijear.org/vol4/spl2/ec0037.pdf. January 2014. Accessed December 8, 2016.

2. Kumar, .M Pawan, and Sateesh Konn Konni. November 1, 2015. Accessed December 8, 2016.

http://www.ijer.in/ijer/publication/v4s11/IJER_2015_1111.pdf. (GEOMETRY IRREGULARITY)

3. MONISH, S., and S. KARUNA. "Effect of Vertical Irregularity in RC Framed Buildings in Severe

Seismic Zone." (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 6,. June 2015.

Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.ijetae.com/files/Volume5Issue6/IJETAE_0615_08.pdf.

4. Ventura, Carlos E. "Seismic Design of Multistorey Concrete Structures." Accessed December 8, 2016.

http://www.ucalgary.ca/EN/Civil/csce_calgary/2006/Seismic-5-BuildingIrregularities.pdf.

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 5. ATC-40, “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings”, Applied Technology Council,

Seismic Safety Commission, Redwood City, California, Volume 1&2, 1996

6. 8) IS 456-2000-Design of RC structures

7. FEMA-356, “Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic

8. Rehabilitation of Buildings”, Federal Emergency Management

9. Agency, American society of civil engineers, 2000.

10. SONI, ASHVIN G., and D. G. Agarwal. "Effect of Irregularities in Buildings and Their Consequences."

January 2015. Accessed December 8, 2016http://www.ijmter.com/papers/volume-2/issue-4/effect-of-

irregularity-on-buildings-and-their-consequences.pdf.

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