Complex Geometry
Varying Propped Frac Properties &
SRV Size with CMOST is EASY
300 ctype3.inc
400 ctype4.inc
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Continuous Values used in Sensitivity Analysis
Nat Prop’ Prop’ Prop’ Prop’d
Matrix Matrix Frac d d d Frac Rock
Perm Por Swi Frac Frac Frac Spacin Comp
(md) (frac) (frac) Xf Perm Swi g Table #
(ft) (md) (frac) (ft)
CMOST 2013 now does
Continuous (Min , Max)
continuous
Discrete
value parameterization
0.00001 0.04 0.15 50 1000 0.15 100 ctype1.inc
300 ctype3.inc
400 ctype4.inc
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Propped Frac PV Compaction Curves
1
0.1
Permeability Multiplier
ctype1
0.01
ctype2
ctype3
ctype4
0.001
0.0001
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Pressure, psia
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Cumulative Oil Tornado Plot
42 jobs
Combination of
continuous and
discrete
parameters
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Cumulative Water Tornado Plot
42 jobs
Combination of
continuous and
discrete
parameters
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Cumulative Gas Tornado Plot
42 jobs
Combination of
continuous and
discrete
parameters
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Well Flowing BHP Tornado Plot
42 jobs
Combination of
continuous and
discrete
parameters
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Range of Values used in History-Match
Nat Prop’d Prop’d Prop’d Prop’d
Matrix Matrix Frac Frac Frac Frac Frac Rock
Perm Por Swi Xf Perm Swi Spacin Comp
(md) (frac) (frac) (ft) (md) (frac) g Table #
(ft)
Continuous (Min , Max) Discrete
0.00001 0.04 0.15 50 1000 0.15 100 ctype1.inc
0.001 0.1 0.40 400 30000 0.45 150 ctype2.inc
200 ctype3.inc
250 ctype4.inc
300
350
400
Physics-based EUR Calculation
History-Match Run Progress Plot
Physics-based EUR Calculation
History-Match Run Progress Plot
257 0.00051985 0.0661 0.245 ctype4.inc 247.75 23330 200 0.354 2.5231357
315 0.0005248 0.0658 0.245 ctype4.inc 251.25 23620 200 0.351 2.5662061
327 0.00046045 0.0661 0.215 ctype4.inc 261.75 26230 200 0.348 2.6612571
259 0.0004654 0.0676 0.2 ctype4.inc 265.25 21880 200 0.339 2.713867
316 0.00061885 0.0658 0.265 ctype4.inc 286.25 20720 250 0.381 2.7676386
328 0.00042085 0.0643 0.19875 ctype4.inc 277.5 22315 200 0.342 2.7685183
159 0.0006733 0.0547 0.25125 ctype4.inc 307.25 21300 250 0.408 2.8155553
205 0.0005743 0.0613 0.23625 ctype4.inc 307.25 21300 250 0.36 2.8254706
240 0.0006535 0.0529 0.295 ctype4.inc 309 23040 250 0.3915 2.8693452
266 0.0004654 0.0667 0.215 ctype4.inc 254.75 26375 200 0.3495 2.9005211
95 0.000604 0.0442 0.28875 ctype4.inc 274 25650 200 0.423 2.9039852
306 0.0006139 0.0628 0.21875 ctype4.inc 302 26520 250 0.39 2.9388746
199 0.000604 0.0475 0.26625 ctype4.inc 272.25 24200 200 0.426 2.9438707
224 0.00062875 0.049 0.26 ctype4.inc 256.5 22460 200 0.4155 2.9524625
233 0.000604 0.0589 0.24375 ctype4.inc 317.75 18980 250 0.366 2.9682553
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Best History Match
Nat Prop’ Prop’ Prop’ Prop’d
Matrix Matrix Frac d d d Frac Rock
Perm Por Swi Frac Frac Frac Spacin Comp
(md) (frac) (frac) Xf Perm Swi g Table #
(ft) (md) (frac) (ft)
Continuous (Min , Max) Discrete
0.00001 0.04 0.15 50 1000 0.15 100 ctype1.inc
0.001 0.1 0.40 400 30000 0.45 150 ctype2.inc
200 ctype3.inc
250 ctype4.inc
300
350
400
0.00052 0.066 0.264 247 23330 0.354 200 Ctype4.inc
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Oil Phase History-Match
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Gas Phase History-Match
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Water Phase History-Match
Physics-based EUR Calculation
Flowing BHP History-Match
Physics-based EUR Calculation
30-yr Oil EUR using 15 best HM models
8.00e+5
6.00e+5
Cumulative Oil SC (bbl)
4.00e+5
2.00e+5
0.00e+0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Time (Date)
Physics-based EUR Calculation
30-yr Oil EUR using 15 best HM models
8.00e+5
6.00e+5
Cumulative Oil SC (bbl)
4.00e+5
6.00e+8
Cumulative Gas SC (ft3)
4.00e+8
2.00e+8
0.00e+0
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Time (Date)
Physics-based EUR Calculation
30-yr Gas EUR using 15 best HM models
8.00e+8
6.00e+8
Cumulative Gas SC (ft3)
4.00e+8
Gas EUR
(MMscf)
2.00e+8
Maximum 707
Minimum 576
Average 656
Median 659
0.00e+0
2015 2020 Std Dev
2025 2030 2035 40
2040 2045
Time (Date)
Time to do Physics-based EUR
Time Time/Run
Task (hr) (min)
ENGINEER’s time 8 -
42 CMOST SA runs* 1.1 1.6
350 CMOST AHM runs* 8.7 1.5
15 x 30-year forecast runs** 0.9 3.5
TOTAL COMPUTE Time 10.7 -
* 4 simultaneous 8-way parallel IMEX runs
** Sequential 16-way parallel IMEX runs
Sandy Bridge Quad-Socket 8-Core Dell PowerEdge M820 Blade Server
(E5-4650, 2.7 Ghz, 20M Cache, 8 GT/s)
Physics-based Well Optimization
1. Choose CMG simulator
with required physics
3. Perform SA
4. OPT Completion Design
5. OPT Well Spacing
Physics-based Well Optimization
1. Choose CMG simulator
with required physics
3. Perform SA
4. OPT Completion Design
5. OPT Well Spacing
Physics-based Well Optimization
Known Reservoir, Well & Fluid Properties
Property Value Unit
Depth at top of reservoir 10,800 Feet
Reservoir thickness 150 Feet
Initial Reservoir Pressure 8,100 Psi
Initial Reservoir Temperature 270 F
Oil Bubble Point Pressure 3010 Psi
Oil Gravity 43 API
Initial Solution GOR 950 scf/stb
Physics-based Well Optimization
Assumed Reservoir, Well & Fluid Properties
Economic
Parameter Value Unit
Oil Price 100 $US/bbl
Gas Price 3 $US/Mscf
Well Drilling 5,000,000 $US/well
Cost
Function of
Frac Cost Propped Frac XF $US/Stage
& Perm
Forecast Period 30 years
Physics-based Well Optimization
Fracturing Cost entered in CMOST “J-script”
Cost of one planar
fracture with the
800 permeability of 1D
600
Cost, MUSD
400
200
0
0 200 400 600
XF, ft
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40
Frac Propped Perm, D
Physics-based Well Optimization
Proposed Well Completion/Spacing Options
Min Max
Property Value Value Unit
71 640
Proposed Well Spacing (9 (1 well) acres
wells)
Proposed Well Lateral Length 4000 4000 feet
Proposed Propped Fracture Spacing 100 600 feet
Proposed Propped Fracture Half- 100 600 feet
Length
Proposed Propped Fracture 1 30 D
Permeability
Physics-based Well Optimization
Proposed Well Completion/Spacing Options
Min Max
Property Value Value Unit
71 640
Proposed Well Spacing (9 (1 well) acres
wells)
Proposed Well Lateral Length 4000 4000 feet
Proposed Propped Fracture Spacing 100 600 feet
Proposed Propped Fracture Half- 100 600 feet
Length
Proposed Propped Fracture 1 30 D
Permeability
Physics-based Well Optimization
Discrete Values used for
Completion Optimization
Propped Frac Propped Frac Propped Frac
Spacing Permeability Half-Length
(feet) (Darcies) (feet)
100 1 100
200 5 200
300 10 300
400 15 400
500 20 500
600 25 600
30
Physics-based Well Optimization
Discrete Values used for
Completion Optimization
Propped Frac Propped Frac Propped Frac
Spacing Permeability Half-Length
(feet) (Darcies) (feet)
100 1 100
200 5 200
300
Total 10 252 combinations
Search Space: 300
400 15 400
500 20 500
600 25 600
30
Physics-based Well Optimization
Optimization Run Progress Plot
Physics-based Well Optimization
Optimization Run Progress Plot
5 64.6
3.00e+6
7 85.3
2.00e+6 9 80.7
100
NPV, MMUSD
80
1.00e+6
60
0.00e+0
40
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045
Time (Date)
20
0
1 3 5 7 9
# of Wells
Physics-based Well Optimization
9 Wells - Optimization Run Progress Plot
NPV (MMUSD) 95.3
Frac Spacing (ft) 150
Frac Propped Perm
(D) 5
Frac XF 200
0
0
0
Scale: 1:12593 Scale: 1:12593
Y/X: 1.00:1 Y/X: 1.00:1
Axis Units: ft Axis Units: ft
-1,000
-1,000
-1,000
-1,000
8,139 8,139
7,384 7,384
-2,000
-2,000
-2,000
-2,000
6,629 6,629
5,874 5,873
5,118 5,118
-3,000
-3,000
-3,000
-3,000
4,363 4,363
3,608 3,608
-4,000
-4,000
-4,000
-4,000
2,853 2,853
2,098 2,097
-5,000
-5,000
1,342 1,342
587 587
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
# of Wells 9 # of Wells 7
NPV (MMUSD) 95.3 NPV (MMUSD) 85.3
Frac Spacing (ft) 150 Frac Spacing (ft) 150
Frac Propped Perm Frac Propped Perm
(D) 5 (D) 5
Frac XF 200 Frac XF 300
Time to do Physics-based
Well Completion & Spacing
Optimization
Time/Run
Task (1-well) Time (hr) (min)
ENGINEER’s time 8.0 -
85 CMOST OPT runs* 1.5 1.05
4 x 30-year Forecast runs** 0.5 7.5
TOTAL COMPUTE Time 2.0 -
* 4 simultaneous 8-way parallel IMEX runs
** 4 Sequential 16-way parallel IMEX runs
Sandy Bridge Quad-Socket 8-Core Dell PowerEdge M820 Blade Server
(E5-4650, 2.7 Ghz, 20M Cache, 8 GT/s)
SPE Papers using CMG for modelling
Unconventional Reservoirs