Beaker P Beaker Q
Bikar P Bikar Q
Diagram 2 /Rajah 2
The water in beakers P and Q are mixed. Which graphs shows the correct temperature
change, θ, with time, t, until thermal equilibrium is achieved?
Air dalam bikar P dan Q dicampurkan. Graf manakah yang menunjukkan perubahan suhu, θ,
dengan masa, t, sehingga keseimbangan terma tercapai?
A θ /°C C
θ /°C
90 90
30 30
t /min t /min
θ /°C θ /°C
B D
90 90
30 30
t /min t /min
Answer : A
Ans : B
..........................................................................................................................................
.............
Answer : There is no ‘kink’ in laboratory thermometer. Therefore the temperature will
fall as soon as we remove the thermometer from the mouth & we will not be able to
measure the correct temperature of the body.
................................................................................................................
.......................
Answer : Mercury is used in thermometer because of following
reasons:
i) It does not stick to the walls of capillary tube.
ii) Its silvery shine helps us to see temperature accurately.
iii) Its expansion is uniform.
iv) It does not vaporize easily.
......................................................................................................................................
.
Answer: We prefer two thin blankets joined together because the air trapped
between two blankets acts as an insulator and does not allow the body heat to
escape.
......................................................................................................................................
.
Answer : The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius. At this temperature the
water will begin to change from the liquid state to the gas state. In order for this
change to take place, additional energy is required. In fact, every kg of liquid water
requires 2.26x106 Joules of heat energy just to convert it to steam. This is called the
Lantent Heat of Vaporization. During the conversion process, temperature does not
increase. It is, therefore, possible to have both liquid water and steam that exist at
100 degrees Celsius. While they both would exist at the same temperature, the
steam would have a lot more heat energy due to the additional 2.26x10 6 Joules per
kilogram of heat energy that has been absorbed.
Bourdon gauge
Thermometer Tolok bourdon
termometer
Rubber
tube
Water beake
Tiub getah
Air rAir
Round bottom flask bikar
Kelalang bulat udara
Diagram 7 / Rajah 7
Temperature / suhu ( o C) Pressure / Tekanan( kPa)
0 103.0
100 250.6
Table 1 / Jadual 1
(a) State why the pressure of gas is not zero when the temperature is 0 ⁰C.
Nyatakan mengapa tekanan gas tidak sama dengan sifar apabila suhu 0 ⁰C.
............................................................................................................................ ................
...........................................................................................................
(b) (i) The initial pressure in a car tyre is 200 kPa and the temperature of the air in the tyre is 27
⁰C. After a long journey, the temperature of the air in the tyre increases to 85 ⁰C. Calculate
the air pressure in tyre after the journey.
Tekanan awal dalam tayar kereta ialah 200 kPa dan suhu udara dalam tayar ialah 27 ⁰C.
Selepas perjalanan yang jauh, suhu udara di dalam tayar bertambah kepada 85 ⁰C. Hitung
tekanan udara dalam tayar selepas perjalanan.
(ii) The optimum operating pressure of the tyres of a particular car is 240 kPa. Suggest the
recommended pressure to be pumped to the tyres before the journey. Give one reason.
Tekanan tayar yang paling optimum untuk sesebuah kereta ialah 240 kPa. Cadangkan
tekanan yang bersesuaian untuk di pam ke dalam tayar sebelum memulakan perjalanan.
Berikan satu sebab.
Suggestion / cadangan:
............................................................................................................................
Reason / sebab:
............................................................................................................................
Answer :
a) The air molecules are still in motion // still collide with each other // still collide with
the wall
b) (i) T1 = 27 + 273 = 300 K // T2 = 85 + 273 = 358 K
200 P2
=
300 358
P2 = 238.67 kPa
(ii)Less than 240 kPa
According to Pressure law, Pressure increases when temperature increases // Pressure
is directly proportional to absolute temperature. Therefore, as the car moving,
temperature inside the tyre will increase, thus the pressure of the tyre will increase.
Paper 2 – Essay question (Section B)
4.2 Understanding Specific Heat Capacity
Aras : Mencipta / Aplikasi
A chef has to cook for a banquet and he has to be able to prepare his food quickly, with the
minimum cost yet without compromising on the quality of the food served.
Seorang chef diminta memasak untuk satu jamuan dan dia perlu menyediakan makanan dalam
masa yang singkat, namun tidak mengurang kualiti makanan yang dihidangkan.
Using the appropriate physics concepts, suggest and explain suitable designs or ways to have a
pot with the following features:
Menggunakan konsep-konsep fizik yang sesuai, cadang dan terangkan rekabentuk atau kaedah
yang sesuai dilakukan untuk menghasilkan periuk yang mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut:
Answer :
Designs or ways Explanation
Made from material with low Temperature in the pot can be increased
specific heat capacity quickly when heated.
This saves fuel / cooking gas.
Made from a low density Pot is light and more portable.
material
Made from material that is not Pot is more durable and will not contaminate
easily corroded or oxidized the food with dangerous material.
The handle of the pot is made The handle becomes hot slower and can be
from the material with high held without scorching the hand.
specific heat capacity
The pot is designed to have This makes the pot versatile because
vertical compartments which different food can be cooked at the same
can be added or removed time.
Paper 3 – Experiment (Section B)
4.4 Understanding Gas Law
Aras : Aplikasi, Analisis, Mencipta
Diagram 4.1 shows three balloons which were blown and tied to a string in the early morning for
a sports day. Diagram 4.2 shows the appearance of the same balloons during the hot afternoon.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan tiga belon yang diisi dengan angin dan diikat pada awal pagi untuk hari
sukan. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan bentuk belon-belon tersebut semasa tengahari yang panas.
T/K
CHAPTER 5 : LIGHT
5.1 Understanding Reflection of Light
Aras : Aplikasi
Ahmad is moving with speed 2 m s-1 towards a plane mirror. Ahmad and his image will approach
each other at speed...
Ahmad bergerak kea rah cermin dengan laju 2 m s -1 . Ahmad dan imejnya akan mendekati satu
sama lain dengan laju...
A. 1 m s-1
B. 2 m s-1
C. 3 m s-1
D. 4 m s-1
Answer: D
A B
C D
Answer : C
5.3 Understanding Total Internal Reflection
Aras : Analisis
The critical angle of a type of coloured liquid is 48°. Which diagram shows the total internal reflection?
Sudut kritikal untuk cecair berwarna ialah 48 0. Rajah yang manakah menunjukkan fenomena
pantulan dalam penuh.
A B C D
Answer : B
Answer : A
M N
Eye
A B C D
Answer :
M N
Eye
A B C D
Only image D can be seen because the line joining image D to the eye cuts the actual mirror
................................................................................................................................
On Diagram 7.2,
Pada Rajah 7.2,
(b) draw two light rays to determine the actual position of the fish.
lukis dua sinar cahaya untuk menentukan kedudukan sebenar ikan itu.
(c) mark with X the actual position of the fish.
tanda dengan X kedudukan sebenar ikan itu.
(d) Give one suggestion how to shoot the fish accurately.
Beri satu cadangan bagaimana untuk menembak ikan dengan tepat
................................................................................................................................
Answer :
(a) Because he shoots at the image of the fish
(b)
(a) Explain why the light ray does not bend when it enters both prisms at point A.
Jelaskan mengapa sinar cahaya tidak bengkok semasa memasuki kedua-dua prisma di
titik A
……………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) (i) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, how can the angle of incidence at point
B be made equal critical angle?
Berdasarkan rajah 5.1 dan 5.2, bagaimanakah sudut tuju di titik B dijadikan sama
dengan sudut genting?
Prism P / Prisma P :
………………………………………………………………………………………
Prism Q / Prisma Q :
………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Diagram 5.1 shows the light ray passing from glass to air at point B. Compare the
density of glass with the density of air.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sinar cahaya itu merambat dari kaca ke udara di titik B.
bandingkan ketumpatan kaca dengan ketumpatan udara.
………………………………………………………………………………………
Answer :
(a) The angle of incidence is zero which parallel to normal causing the angle of reflection to be
zero
(b) i) Prism P : Increase the angle of incidence (more than 45 0)
Prism Q : Reduce the angle of incidence (less than 45 0)
ii) Glass is denser than air
f0 + fe = 36 ---------------------2
f0 = 32 cm
Light source
Sumber cahaya
The slide projector is needed in your school hall. You are required to modify the slide
projector so that it can produce clearer image and can be seen by 800 students.
Suggest and explain based on the following aspect:
Projektor slaid ini diperlukan untuk penggunaan dalam dewan sekolah. Anda
diperlukan untuk mengubahsuaikan projektor itu untuk menghasilkan imej yang lebih
jelas dan boleh dilihat oleh 800 orang pelajar. Cadang dan terangkan berdasarkan
aspek-aspek berikut:
Answer :
Use higher power bulb Higher intensity of light / more light produced.
The filament of the bulb is at the The light ray focuses to one point.
focus point of the concave mirror
More curvature Increase the intensity.
lens between f and 2f To produce real and enlarge / bigger images.
Increase the distance / further away Larger image produced
the screen
Diagram 11.2 shows an endoscope which depends largely on optical fibres for its function in
showing the inside of an organ. It is able to provide light for illumination and the image can be
seen through a flexible lens-telescope.
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan sebuah endoskop yang bergantung pada gentian optik untuk berfungsi
dalam menunjukkan bahagian dalaman suatu organ. Ia mampu membekalkan cahaya
penerangan dan imejnya boleh dilihat melalui sebuah teleskop kanta boleh lentur.
Diagram 11.2
Rajah 11.2
Greater than 1
Single thick fibre High High
Lebih besar
S Gentian tebal tunggal Tinggi Tinggi
daripada 1
ni = refractive index of the inner core no = refractive index of the outer cladding
indeks biasan bagi teras dalam indeks biasan bagi pembalut luar
Table 11.1
Jadual 11.1
You are required to choose the most suitable optical fibre for use in the endoscope. Explain the
suitability each characteristics of the optical fibres listed in Table 11.1 and determine the most
suitable optical fibre to be used in in the endoscope. Give reasons for your choice.
Anda dihehendaki untuk memilih gentian optik yang paling sesuai digunakan dalam endoskop itu.
Jelaskan kesesuaian ciri-ciri gentian optik yang disenaraikan dalam Jadual 11.1 dan tentukan
gentian optik yang paling sesuai digunakan dalam endoskop itu. Berikan sebab-sebab bagi pilihan
anda.
Answer :
1. The cable should consist of a few fine fibres in a bundle
- More signals can be transmitted separately at the same time
2. The fibres should have very high flexibility
- So that it can be bent to move into difficult position easily
3. The fibres should have good strength against breaking
- Could withstand vigorous and repeated bending without breaking to maintain
the transmission of signals
ni
4. The refractive index ratio of no > 1
- Repeated total internal reflections can occur in the fibres
5. The most suitable fibre is R because
- It is consisted of a few fine fibres , very flexible, difficult to break and
ni
refractive ratio is no >1
Paper 3 (Section B)
Projector lens
Kanta projektor
Screen
Inverted Slide Skrin
Slaid songsang
Image
Imej
Projector lens
Screen
Kanta projektor
Skrin
Inverted Slide
Image
Slaid songsang
Imej
Answer :
3a The image distance /size of image / height of image / magnification depends
on the object distance
b The greater the object distance, the smaller the image distance / size of image
/ height of image / magnification
Object Image
distance distance
bulb
lens screen
Meter rule
Lens
holder
V
Low voltage power supply
Light up the electric bulb, adjust the screen position until a sharp image of the
filament is formed on the screen. Record the image distance, v. / height of
image // calculate magnification, m = v/u
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for objects distances of, u = 30cm, 25 cm, 20 cm, and
15 cm.
(vi) How you tabulate the data.
Object distance
CHAPTER 6 : WAVE
6.3 Analyzing Refraction of Waves
Aras : Aplikasi
Diagram 21 shows a house at the bottom of a hill received a radio waves from a transmission
station.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan sebuah rumah di kaki bukit menerima gelombang radio daripada stesen
pemancar.
Hill
Transmission station Bukit
Stesen pemancar
House
Rumah
Diagram 21
Rajah 21
This happens because the radio waves is being
Ini berlaku disebabkan oleh gelombang radio
A diffracted
dibelau
B refracted
dibias
C reflected
dipantul
D dispersed
diserak
Answer : A
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Answer : Diffraction effect is predominant only for a narrow & fine slit where size is comparable
with the wavelength of light. Slit formed by two blades is fine & is of uniform width which can't be
possible with fingers.
..................................................................................................................
b) How to produce a two coherent source of light?
Bagaimanakah untuk menghasilkan dua sumber cahaya yang koheren?
................................................................................................................
Answer: a) Because of unstable phase difference.
b) By having a light source to pass through a double slit
Figure 2
A ping pong ball is held with a string and placed near a loudspeaker as shown in Figure 2
The loudspeaker emits a low frequency sound and the ping-pong ball seems to vibrate to it.
Sebuah bola ping pong di ikat dan diletakkan berdekatan dengan pembesar suara seperti dalam
rajah 2 di atas.
Pembesar suara itu menghasilkan frekuensi yang rendah dan bola ping pong mula bergetar.
(a) Explain how the sound from the loudspeaker produces vibration on the ping pong ball.
Terangkan bagaimana bunyi dari pembesar suara boleh menyebabkan bola ping pong itu
bergetar
.............................................................................................................................................
(b) Predict what will happen to the vibration of the ping pong ball if the loudspeaker emits
Apakah yang akan terjadi kepada getaran bola ping pong itu jika pembesar suara
menghasilkan
(i) a louder sound?
bunyi yang kuat?
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) a sound with a higher pitch?
bunyi dengan kenyaringan yang tinggi?
.............................................................................................................................................
(c) If the frequency of the sound is 50 Hz, calculate the wavelength of the sound produced.
[Assume the speed of the sound in air in 350 ms -1]
Jika frekuensi bunyi itu 50 Hz, kira panjang gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan
[Andaikan laju bunyi di udara ialah 350 ms-1]
Answer :
(a) The vibration of the loudspeaker moves the air molecules around it. The sound wave produced
by the loudspeaker transfers energy to the ping pong ball and causes it to move
(b) (i) The ping pong ball vibrates with greater amplitude
(ii) The ping pong ball vibrates with higher frequency.
v 350
(c) = f = 50 = 7m
Broadcasting station
Stesyen penyiaran
Housing area P Housing area Q
Transmitter Kawasan
Kawasan
Pemancar Hill perumahan Q
perumahan P
Bukit
Answer :
Modification Reason
Frequency of signal is Longer wavelength/ diffraction easier
low
The location of no blocking / capture more signal
transmitter higher
the number of increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of
transmitter is more / signal /
many reduce energy lost during transmission
The strength of signal is have more energy / can move further
higher
The distance between increase the strength of signal/ increase energy of signal
two transmitter is closer
Paper 3 (Section B)
P Q
R
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4
Diagram 4 shows an audio technician checking and testing the audio system in a mini theatre
by changing his seating positions. Clear and loud sound can only be obtained at seating
positions P and Q which is equals to 4 seatings away from each other with a certain distance
from the loudspeakers. When he moves further away from the loudspeakers, the clear and
loud sound can only be heard between Q and R which is equals to 6 seatings away from each
other.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan pegawai teknik audio sedang memeriksa dan menguji sistem audio di
dalam teater mini dengan mengubah posisi tempat duduknya. Bunyi jelas dan kuat
kedengaran pada posisi P dan Q yang bersamaan dengan jarak 4 buah kerusi antara satu
sama lain pada suatu jarak tetap dari pembesar suara. Apabila pegawai itu bergerak lebih
jauh dari pembesar suara itu, bunyi jelas dan kuat hanya kedengaran pada posisi Q dan R
yang bersamaan dengan jarak 6 buah kerusi antara satu sama lain.
Answer :
(a) The distance between two successive positions of clear and loud sound
depends on the distance of the loudspeakers and the position of
technician.
(b) The distance between two successive loud sounds, x, increases when the
distance between the loudspeakers and position of the technician, D,
increases.
Jumlah
(c)(i) Aim: To investigate the relationship between distance, x, and D.
Arrangement of apparatus:
(iv)
D (m)
A graph of x against D is drawn to analyse the data.