NERVE CELL

1009
Boss, Earn, Mai, Chen, Wealth, Pangpun
 WHAT IS ‘NERVE CELL’?
! Cells of the nervous system, called nerve cells
or neurons, are specialized to carry "messages"
through an electrochemical process. The human
brain has about 100 billion neurons.
! With it has the longest cell body in the
organism body, it help to transmission the
message that the dendrites bring signal to the
cell body and axon bring signal out.

wealth
 Where is it located?
! In the ‘BRAIN’

Wealth
Neurons are similar to other cells in the
body because…

! 1.Neurons are
surrounded by a
cell membrane.
! 2.Neurons have a
nucleus that
contains genes.

Wealth
! 3.Neurons contain cytoplasm, mitochondria
and other organelles.
! 4.Neurons carry out basic cellular processes
such as protein synthesis and energy
production.

Wealth
Neurons differ from other cells in
the body because…
! Neurons have specialize cell parts called
dendrites and axons .
! Neurons communicate with each other through
an electrochemical process.
! Neurons contain some specialized structures (for
example, synapses) and chemicals (for example,
neurotransmitters).
Mai
 How it function keep the
organism alive?
• It keep transmit everything to our brain by
the electrical pulse like the Morse code.
• With out them we can’t smell, hear, see,
feel and move because the sending is a 2
way process (Input and Output)
• Example : Nose smelling and send
Mai
message to the nerve cell to tell the odor.
 Disease related to the cell
! It sensible to the drug. Which it does
malfunction to the nerve cell.
! It restricted to synapses that use a specific
neurotransmitter.
! Example : Cocaine, Morphine, Alcohol which it
made many of the disease came after them.
! Other such like  Huntington’s disease and
Muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease,
Mai

Alzheimer’s Disease, Stroke.

Cell Body
 Cell Compositions
! 1.Nucleus -
Command
center of the cell
which contains
DNA.

Pangpun
Cell Compositions

! 2. Golgi Apparatus -
membrane-bound
structure that used to
pack peptides and
proteins into vesicles.

Pangpun
 Cell Compositions
! 3. Polyribosomes - there are several free
ribosomes attached by a thread. The thread is a
single strand of mRNA . The associated
ribosomes work on it to make multiple copies
of the same protein.

Pangpun

 Cell Compositions

! 4. Mitrochrondria - this is the part of the cell

responsible for the supply of energy in the form
of ATP.
! - The brain consumes large amounts of ATP. The
chemical energy stored in ATP isBoss
used to fuel
most of the biochemical reactions of the neuron.
 Cell Compositions
5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum - A system of tubes for the
transportation of materials within the cytoplasm.

Boss
Neuronal Membrane 
 Neuronal Membrane
! The neuronal
membrane serves
as a barrier to
enclose the
cytoplasm inside
the neuron.

Earn
 Functions
! 1.keeping certain ions
and small molecules out
of the cell and letting
others in, 
! 2.accumulating
nutrients, and rejecting
harmful substances,
! 3.catalyzing enzymatic
reactions 
! 4.establishing an
electrical potential inside
the cell Earn

! 5. conducting an
impulse
 Facts
! 1. The membrane is made of lipids and proteins
! 2. The basic structure of this membrane is a
bilayer.
! 3. the polar charged face outward and the non
polar regions face inward.

Boss
Dendrites
 Dendrites
! These structures branch out in treelike fashion
and serve as the main apparatus for receiving
signals from other nerve cells.

Earn
 Function
! They function
as an
"antennae" of
the neuron.

Earn
Axon
 Axon
Boss

! A long process which often projects to distant

regions of the nervous system.
 Function
! 1.The ‘main’ conducting unit of the neuron.
! 2. Conveying information to different targets.

Boss
Nerve Ending
(Presynaptic
Terminals)
 Synapses
! Synapses are the junctions formed with other
nerve cells where the presynaptic terminal of one
cell comes into 'contact' with the postsynaptic
membrane of another
! Functions : The junctions that neurons are
excited, inhibited, or modulated.

Pangpun
Electrical synapses
! Occur where the presynaptic
terminal is in electrical continuity
with the postsynaptic.
! Function : Connecting channels
from one cell to another.

Pangpun
 Chemical synaptic
• Occur where the electrical signal
cannot go through the gap. It will
translate to the chemical signal
message by the presynaptic neuron
• Function : Connecting channels from
one cell to another, if the electrical
signal cannot get through the gap.

Earn
 Bibliography
• http://www.tutorvista.com/science/
nerve-cell-structure-and-function
• https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
neurologicdiseases.html
• https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/
cells.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron