INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT) ISSN No.

2394-9007
Vol. V, No. I, February 2018 www.ijrtonline.org

Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization using Soil

Bond
Rohit Varma, Ankesh Shrivastava

Abstract— Expansive soils are causing number of damages to the

II. METHODOLOGY
structures particularly pavements compare to other natural
hazards like earthquake, floods, etc. Thus, worldwide these soils Framework of the study:
are considered to be problematic soils and pose several challenges Selection of material and methodology those are the first
for engineers. So, as to utilize these soils in an effective way, criteria for any type of experimental investigation. To know
proper treatment to the soil is required. Black Cotton soil is the the soil physical properties following tests are conducted like
most problematic soil in the Construction field especially in specific gravity test, plastic limit and liquid limit test. After
foundations, since Black Cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and
that the important part is to choose mixing procedure and the
swell excessively. When it comes in contact with water, it swells
and when it becomes dry it shrinks. The alternate process of cases or different conditions for conducting the next tests. To
heaving and shrinking results in differential settlement which determine the maximum dry density of the material modified
results in Cracks in the pavement. Road infrastructure in India is proctor test has been conducted. But the actual goal is to
developing at a very fast pace. A good pavement is needed for the increase the strength. So CBR test are conducted in different
safe, comfortable and economical movement of traffic Using cases and conditions and make a comparative experimental
SOIL BOND liquid stabilizer, this problem can be avoided by study. So the methodology is how to achieve maximum
conducting soil stabilization. Soil bond is a liquid stabilizer bearing capacity or maximize the CBR value. Following steps
which can be mixed in proper proportions to achieve desired adopted for this work.
results.
1. Selection of material and methodology
In this paper I conducted basic test of engineering properties
of soil such as Index Properties, Atterberg’s limit, (Liquid Limit, 2. Specific gravity, Grain size distribution and other soil
Plastic limit) Compaction, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R.) and property testing
modified Proctor Test on Black Cotton soil in the following 3. Modified Procter Test to find out Maximum dry density
proportions with soil bond 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% . I found and optimum moisture content
out Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry density on
the proportion of 8%. I also found out by using of SOIL BOND 4. Soil Bond added and check Yd variation in different
stabilizer, excellent load bearing capacity is obtained. conditions
Keywords: Black Cotton soil, Load bearing Capacity, Maximum dry 5. Preparing sample for CBR Test in different conditions
density, Modified proctor test, Optimum Moisture Content, SOIL 6. A comparative study and analysis of results, Conclusions
BOND, Soil stabilization, Plasticity Index, California Bearing
Ratio. III. RESULT & DISCUSSION
I. INTRODUCTION A. Specific Gravity Test:
Soil of low bearing capacity deposits occur in the various Specific gravity of soil is very important property to
regions of the world and are problematic to the engineering understand the soil condition. As previously discussed here
structures because of their tendency to heave during the wet M1 is empty bottle weight, M2 is mass of bottle and dry soil,
season and shrink during dry season. Various damages in the M3 is weight of bottle, dry soil and water and M4 is weight of
form of cracking, undulation, differential settlements, etc are bottle with water.
experienced by the roads, buildings, irrigation canals, water TABLE I: SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST RESULT
and sewer lines, etc. An exercise is carried out to improve the Sample M1 M2 M3 M4 Sp.
performance of this soil by using soil bond as a stabilizer. No (gm) (gm) (gm) (gm) Gravity
Addition of soil bond done by different percentages of OMC,
1. 114.67 164.67 383.56 351.87 2.73
Compaction, and soaked C.B.R. test carried out on the sample
prepared and results are tabulated below. 2. 113.76 163.76 384.41 352.86 2.71
Manuscript received on February, 2018.
3. 115.34 165.34 385.69 353.94 2.74
Rohit Varma, ME Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Samrat Ashok
Technological Institute, Vidisha, M.P., India. Here soil material is tested three times. And the average
Prof. Ankesh Shrivastava, Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, specific gravity value comes 2.726. But here no temperature
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha, M.P., India.

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Vol. V, No. I, February 2018
correction is done. This test have been done in room
temperature nearly 25*C.
B. Liquid limit and Plastic limit Test:
The low bearing capacity soil used in this study was course
grained soil obtained from SATI laboratory. This test is done
for determination of the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity
index of soil. Reference Standard: IS: 2720(Part 5)-1985-
Methods of test for soils: Determination of liquid and plastic
limit. From these experimental results a proper idea about the
type of soil has been found.
Liquid Limit (WL): 38%
Plastic Limit (WP): 27%
Plasticity Index (IP): 11%
C. Compaction Test:
Very commonly used modified proctor test has been executed
for 2200 gm soil sample taken for each trial. Modified proctor
test was followed according to IS standard. From this test,
maximum dry density of the specimen was found to be 1.70
gm./cc and OMC of 15%.
The six particular conditions for testing are used here to
check the variation of maximum dry density of this soil
mixing with soil bond
Case A: Normal available tested soil is used for testing
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 2% of soil bond
Case C: Normal available soil tested with 4% of soil bond
Case D: Normal available soil tested with 6% of soil bond
Case E: Normal available soil tested with 8% of soil bond
Case F: Normal available soil tested with 10% of soil bond
In this six particular condition modified proctor test is
performed and plotted with moisture content percentage in X
axis and corresponding dry density value in Y axis. From
carves of graphs plotted, there is a crown point where the
value of dry density is maximum. Here corresponding
moisture content is optimum moisture content. In this six
particular conditions tested modified proctor graph listed
below. Those graphs strictly indicate that Case E gives the
optimum value.
Fig. 1: Variation of maximum dry density value
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D. CBR Test:
The CBR is the measure of resistance of a material to
penetration of a standard plunger under controlled density and
moisture conditions. This is an extremely normal test to
comprehend the sub grade strength before construction of
roadways. The test has been broadly researched for the field
connection of flexible pavement thickness necessity.
Fundamentally testing is carried out taking after IS: 2720 (Part
16). The test comprises of bringing on a round and cylindrical
plunger of 50mm diameter to penetrate a pavement part
material at 1.25mm/minute. The loads, for 0.5mm, 1mm,
1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 4 mm, 5mm, 7.5mm, 10mm,
12.5mm are recorded. Penetration in mm are plotted in X axis
and load expressed in kg with corresponding points are plotted
in Y axis and prepare graph for different specimen.
The CBR values at 2.5mm and 5.0mm penetrations are
calculated for each specimen from the corresponding graphs
which is shown below. Generally the CBR value at 2.5mm
penetration is higher and this value is adopted.CBR is defined
as the ratio of the test load to the standard load, expressed as
percentage for a given penetration of the plunger. This value is
expressed in percentage. Standard load of different penetration
is discussed before.
Here testing is done on socked testing condition on
previously six cases. So total six number of CBR value is
measured by moulding six different specimens. The
corresponding CBR value for each type of specimen is written
on top of each graph. In this comparative experimental study it
is shown that how soil bond and mixing procedure effect on
CBR value of a particular soil. CBR value and the CBR graph
are case wise shown below.
Case A:
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc
Case A: Normal available tested soil is used for testing in
this case
Used proctor test result of Case A.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.70 gm./cc
Optimum Moisture Content: 15%
CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.
Fig. 2: CBR Test Result, Case A (4 days of soaking)
32
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT) ISSN No. 2394-9007
Vol. V, No. I, February 2018 www.ijrtonline.org
Case B: CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 2% soil bond
added used proctor test result of Case B.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.728 gm./cc.
Optimum Moisture Content: 15% (13 % WATER & 2 %
OF SOIL BOND)
CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.

Fig. 5: CBR Test Result, Case D (4 days of soaking)

Case E:
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 8% soil bond
added used proctor test result of Case E.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.875 gm./cc.
Optimum Moisture Content 15% ( 07 % WATER & 8 %
Fig. 3: CBR Test Result, Case B (4 days of soaking) OF SOIL BOND)
Case C: CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 4% soil bond
added used proctor test result of Case C.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.79 gm./cc.
Optimum Moisture Content: 15% ( 11 % WATER & 4 %
OF SOIL BOND)
CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.

Fig. 6: CBR Test Result, Case E (4 days of soaking)

Fig. 4: CBR Test Result, Case C (4 days of soaking)
Case D:
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 6% soil bond
added used proctor test result of Case D.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.82 gm./cc.
Optimum Moisture Content: 15% (09 % WATER & 6 %
OF SOIL BOND)
Case F:
Mould size: standard volume 2250 cc
Case B: Normal available soil tested with 10% soil bond
added used proctor test result of Case F.
Maximum Dry Density value: 1.78 gm./cc.
Optimum Moisture Content 15% (05 % WATER & 10 %
OF SOIL BOND)
CBR test is done in four days of soaking condition. CBR value
at 2.5mm penetration and 5mm penetration is calculated.

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Fig. 7: CBR Test Result, Case F (4 days of soaking)
E. Discussion:
Sub-grade may be defined as a compacted soil layer, generally
of naturally occurring local soil, assumed to be 300 mm in
thickness, just below of the pavement crust. It provides a
suitable foundation for the pavement. So it is very important
to improve strength of sub-grade soil, it may be by replacing
good soil or by stabilization of existing soil. To check the sub-
grade soil stability CBR test is very commonly used test. The
all CBR results are plotted in a bar to check whether the
improvement of CBR is done or not and if done then what
would be that condition where CBR value become maximum.
Following bar gives about a clear idea on this.
Fig. 8: CBR value comparison bar chart
IV. CONCLUSION
The conclusion is based on the test carried out on soil selected
for the study.
 Heavy compaction test showed that there was variable
increase in maximum dry density with the increase in soil
bond percentage upto 8% then after 8% it will reduce.
 From the CBR test it was concluded that there is
significant increase in soaked CBR value achieving 4.23
% at 8% of soil bond dosage with respect to CBR value of
1.97% of virgin soil.
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 Mechanism of stabilization was studied for untreated soil
and treated soil and it can be concluded that soil bond is
very superior and environment friendly soil stabilizer.
 In earth roads soil bond can be used as a soil stabilizer
enhanced the Engineering properties of the road and
provide smoother surface for vehicle to travel.
 As the strength of soil increases with an addition of soil
bond, the quality, durability and life period of road will be
more as compare to traditional constructed road.
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