TO EXTEND THE ENGINE LIFE

Use good quality cooling Change the cooling water periodically & flush
Water the system

Prevent overheating & Use the appropriate antifreeze & additives

overcooling

Periodically clean & inspect the radiator, engine area, & cooling system

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 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
systems components

Primary purpose of a cooling system

• an engine’s cooling system is responsible
for maintaining adequate engine
temperatures.

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 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
systems components

Basic operating principle of a cooling system

• The cooling system circulates coolant through the
engine to remove the heat created by combustion 7
friction. It uses the principle of heat transfer.

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• Heat transfer
• Heat always moves from a hot “source”to a cooler
“target”. Source & target could be metal, fluid or air. The
key is the difference in relative temperature between the
two.The greater the difference,the more heat will transfer.

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 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
systems components

Cooling systems:
- radiator
- keel cooler
- shunt cooling
- heat exchanger cooling

Basic components:
- radiator
- fan
- coolant
- water pump
- engine oil cooler
- water temperature regulator
- pressure cap

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 CAT DIESEL ENGINES
Coolant flow

Water pump
oil cooler
cylinder block
cylinder head
(regulator)
radiator
water pump.

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 Engine Power Dissipation

30% Exhaust HP

7%
Radiated HP

30%
Cooling HP
33%
Flywheel HP

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 Cooling System Functions
• Remove Heat Generated from Fuel Combustion
– Burn Temperatures Can Reach 3,500°F (1927°C)
• Transfer Heat From:
– Transmission Oil Coolers
– Hydraulic Oil Coolers
– Water Cooled Exhaust Manifolds
– Water Cooled Turbocharger Shields/Housings
– Torque Converter/Retarder Coolers
– Jacket Water After Coolers

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 Cooling System Components
• Radiator
• Fan
• Coolant
• Water Pump
• Engine Oil Cooler
• Water Temperature Regulator

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 Cooling system temperature

• Cooling systems are designed to keep an engine operating

within a desired temperature range.
• Temperature of the coolant must remain high to allow the
engine to operate efficiently.however, temperature must
stay low enough to prevent the coolant from boiling.
• A cooling system regulates temperature by transferring
heat from the engine to the coolant &eventually, into the
air.

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CAT DIESEL ENGINE
pressure cap

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CAT DIESEL ENGINE
pressure cap

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 Cooling system temperature

• A major factor of heat transfer is the difference between

the temperature of coolant inside the radiator & the
temperature of surrounding air.
• When the difference coolant temperature & the ambient
temperature increases, the rate of heat transfer increases.

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 Cooling system temperature

• The temperature at which coolant boils depends on the

three factors.
– Pressure at which cooling system operates.
– Altitude at which cooling system operates
– Amount & type of antifreeze in coolant mixture.

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CAT DIESEL ENGINE
Altitude compensation

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 Cooling System Maintenance
• 60% of Premature Engine Failures Can Be Attributed to
Cooling System Problems

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 Coolant
• Function
– Transfer Heat from Hot Engine Components to a Radiator or Heat
Exchanger
• Characteristics
– High Boiling Temperature
– Freeze Protection
– Corrosion Resistance
– Scale and Deposit Prevention
– Non Foaming
– Minimum Sediment

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 Heat Transfer

• Water Is the Most Efficient Heat Transfer Agent

– Drawbacks:
• Contains Chlorides, Sulfates, and Suspended Solids
• Causes Scales, Deposits
• Leads to Clogged Radiators and Failed Water Pumps
• Builds Sediment

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 Heat Transfer

• Water Is the Most Efficient Heat Transfer Agent

– Drawbacks:
• Improper pH Level
• Attacks Copper, Aluminum and Steel Engine Components
• Causes Corrosion
• Damages Seals
• Lower Boiling Point
• Lower Performance

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 Water Quality
• Must Conform to Established Levels of:
– Chloride 2.4 gr/gal max
– Sulfates 5.9 gr/gal max
– Total Hardness 10 gr/gal max
– Total Solids 20 gr/gal max
– pH Level 5.5 - 9.0
• Caterpillar Recommends Distilled or De-ionized Water
• Never Use Water Alone as a Coolant

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 CAT DIESEL ENGINE

• Overheating,overcooling,pitting,cavitation,
erosion,cracked heads, piston seizures,&
plugged radiators
are classic cooling system
failures.

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