Beaufort Wind Scale

Developed in 1805 by Sir Francis Beaufort, U.K. Royal Navy

Wind WMO Appearance of Wind Effects

Force (Knots) Classification On the Water On Land
Less
0 Calm Sea surface smooth and mirror-like Calm, smoke rises vertically
than 1
Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still
1 1-3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests
wind vanes
Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes
2 4-6 Light Breeze Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking
begin to move
Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered Leaves and small twigs constantly
3 7-10 Gentle Breeze
whitecaps moving, light flags extended
Moderate Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small
4 11-16
Breeze whitecaps tree branches move
Moderate waves 4-8 ft taking longer form, many
5 17-21 Fresh Breeze Small trees in leaf begin to sway
whitecaps, some spray
Larger tree branches moving, whistling in
6 22-27 Strong Breeze Larger waves 8-13 ft, whitecaps common, more spray
wires
Sea heaps up, waves 13-19 ft, white foam streaks off Whole trees moving, resistance felt
7 28-33 Near Gale
breakers walking against wind
Moderately high (18-25 ft) waves of greater length,
Twigs breaking off trees, generally
8 34-40 Gale edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam
impedes progress
blown in streaks
High waves (23-32 ft), sea begins to roll, dense streaks Slight structural damage occurs, slate
9 41-47 Strong Gale
of foam, spray may reduce visibility blows off roofs
 Very high waves (29-41 ft) with overhanging crests, sea Seldom experienced on land, trees broken
10 48-55 Storm white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered or uprooted, "considerable structural
visibility damage"
Exceptionally high (37-52 ft) waves, foam patches
11 56-63 Violent Storm
cover sea, visibility more reduced
Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft, sea completely
12 64+ Hurricane
white with driving spray, visibility greatly reduced