INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT) ISSN No.

2394-9007
Vol. V, No. II, April 2018 www.ijrtonline.org

PAPR Reduction in OFDM by Addition of DC Value

Rajdeep Dwivedi

Abstract— Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) scheme which is used as
a digital multi-carrier modulation. OFDM is considered to be a
promising technique against the multipath fading channel for
wireless communications. However, OFDM faces the Peak-to-
Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem that is a major drawback
of multicarrier transmission system which leads to power
inefficiency in RF section of the transmitter. In this paper a
method for overcoming this issue is presented. This paper
presents a PAPR reduction technique based on DC addition; also
we analyze this method mathematically in this paper. In this
method what we do is elementary mathematical manipulations
causing PAPR reduction.
Keywords: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM),
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), Complementary Cumulative
Distributive.
The basic idea in this method is manipulation of the Peak to
Average Power Ratio by adding DC and applying basic
principles of elementary mathematics. Here we also have
some constraints set on the value selection of voltage
amplitude for logic 1 and logic 0.
II. PAPR PROBLEM IN OFDM
PAPR is greater issue in multicarrier system, as PAPR
increases with the increase in number of channels.
Mathematical analysis of PAPR of an OFDM signal is given
below:
Considering the signal after performing IFFT, we have the
signal equation as

I. INTRODUCTION ------(1)
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is modulation Evaluating average power and peak power
method in digital communication used for modulating digital
data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM modulation
scheme is a very reliable technique against Inter Symbol
------(2)
Interference (ISI) due to cyclic prefix. As we know major
Where E(T) signifies the expectation of T.
issue with this digital modulation technique is Peak to
Let the amplitude of digital signal be A for logic 1 and -A for
Average Power Ratio. The basic principle of OFDM is to split
logic 0.
a high-rate data stream into a number of lower rate streams
Then we get,
that are transmitted simultaneously over a number of
subcarriers. These subcarriers are overlapped with each other.
Because the symbol duration increases for lower rate parallel -------(3)
subcarriers, the relative amount of dispersion in time caused Now evaluating peak power of the OFDM signal
by multipath delay spread is decreased.
OFDM being a multicarrier system we require bank of
modulators to modulate multiple signals at different carrier -------(4)
frequencies. It was a hardware challenge to manufacture so
much modulator in a cheap cost or cost and size compared to
single carrier system. After the introduction of IFFT algorithm ------(5)
for generation of OFDM, this method seemed to be practical Therefore, peak to average power ratio (PAPR)
and promising technology. IFFT algorithm does not require
bank of modulators but only one block of IFFT is required.
This reduced the cost, size and complexity for this modulation
scheme. In this paper PAPR reduction with the help of DC
addition is discussed.

Manuscript received on April, 2018.

Rajdeep Dwivedi, Research Scholar, Department of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering, Government College of Engineering,
------(6)
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY (IJRT)
Vol. V, No. II, April 2018
We got the result that PAPR is directly proportional to the
number of channels in OFDM. The PAPR problem and
consequent impact on power amplifiers leading to nonlinear
distortion. Hence more the PAPR more is the non-linear
distortion and this also implies that more the number of
channels in OFDM more are the distortion.
We know that
PAPR=N
Let the amplitude of digital signal be A for logic 1 and -A for
logic 0.
Now, Average power is, Sum of all individual powers divided
by the number total number of carrier signal present (by
definition)
------(7)
------(8)
Peak power is the maximum power
------(9)
------(10)
Now when we add a DC value of suppose 4 units. The average
and peak power changes, when we add some DC value to a
curve it shifts the curve and so the amplitude and hence we
have average power and peak power as follows
Now substituting certain values to A and N, then checking
PAPR after addition of DC value
N=20
In order to reduce PAPR we have to reduce the numerator or
peak power, if we give value more than 1 to A we observe that
we are increasing PAPR quadratically by increasing
numerator or peak power quadratically, hence choosing values
of A less than equal to or less than 1 will reduce the numerator
(peak power) and hence will help reducing peak power,
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Therefore taking the critical value for analyzing the effect of
DC addition more efficiently
A=1
PAPR=17.361------(11)
Substituting the value of N in equation 5 and comparing the
values we have
PAPR (Without any reduction method applied) = 20
PAPR (With addition of DC value) = 17.361
PAPR=13.795 (for DC value = 6units)
PAPR=11.390 (for DC value = 7units)
Hence the PAPR value after adding DC value is reduced. We
can observe that as we increase the DC value keeping
amplitude less than equal to PAPR reduces with increase in
DC voltage value. But we also have to be cautious for
selecting DC value. It should not be very large so that our
actual signal becomes insignificant and difficult to detect nor
it should be less so that PAPR reduction is insignificant.
III. CONCLUSION
This method of DC addition to reduce PAPR is briefly
discussed and analyzed mathematically also we have seen the
constraints on amplitude selection for logic one and zero in
order to make this method applicable for reducing PAPR.
PAPR is reduced more and more as we go on increasing DC
value.
REFERENCES
1. “Comparative Study of PAPR Reduction Techniques in OFDM”
1Md. Ibrahim Abdullah, 2Md. Zulfiker Mahmud, 3Md. Shamim
Hossain, 4Md. Nurul Islam©2009-2011 AJSS Journal. All
rights reserved
2. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Wireless
Communication Systems: A Review Sandeep Kaur, Gurpreet
Bharti ISSN: 2278 – 1323 International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1,
Issue 3, May 2012
3. Md. Abdullah Al Baki, Mohammad Zavid Parvez “PEAK TO
AVERAGE POWER RATIO (PAPR) REDUCTION IN OFDM
BASED RADIO SYSTEMS” Electrical Engineering Blekinge
Institute of Technology, May 2010.
4. Nilesh Chide, Shreyas Deshmukh, Prof. P.B. Borole
“Implementation of OFDM System using IFFT and
FFT”www.ijera.com Vol. 3, Issue 1, January -February 2013,
pp.2009-2014.
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