CVEN2301

MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

Week 1
Revision of Statics
MARIO ATTARD
 Christmas Puzzle
Today’s puzzle originally appeared in the Christmas supplement of The Weekly
Dispatch in 1896. It was devised by the magnificent Henry Ernest Dudeney,
Britain’s greatest inventor of mathematical puzzles.

Below is an illustration of twelve mince pies placed on a table. There are six
straight rows - each indicated by a dotted line - with four pies in each row.
The puzzle is to move four of the pies to new positions so that there are seven
straight rows with four pies per row.
 Statics

∑F = 0 ∑M = 0
Equations of Equilibrium
 Beams
Load (UDL)

Support 5 kN/m

Reaction

10m

25 kN Beam 25 kN
Supports

Roller

Pin

Fixed End
 INTERNAL ACTIONS (Revision)

To examine internal actions we isolate a

FREEBODY:-
6
INTERNAL ACTIONS (Revision)

Q
Q’

Q & Q' are reactions that maintain Equilibrium.

7
 Sign Convention

– Face of positive incidence

8
 Internal Actions in Beams
Concrete beam Imaginary Cut

M M
V

N N

Equal but opposite internal forces and moments!!

 Internal Actions in Beams
Concrete beam Imaginary Cut

M M N – Axial Force
V x V – Shear Force
M – Bending
N N
Moment
V
z
Equal but opposite internal forces and moments!!
Right Hand Rule Cartesian Coordinate System
x

z
 Right Hand Rule for Moments

V
y

N
x

z M

Internal Actions
 Internal Actions in Beams
Some Definitions

Axial Force: The component of the internal action which acts in a direction
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam

Shear Force: The component of the internal action which acts in a

direction normal to the longitudinal axis of the beam

Bending Moment: the sum of the moments about that section of all
external forces acting to one side of that section

Axial Shear Bending moment

What are Positive Internal Actions?
Axial Force ‘N’

+ve
Tension

-ve
Compression

14
What are Positive Internal Actions?
Shear Force ‘S’

+ve

Slope Upward

-ve

Slope Downward

15
What are Positive Internal Actions?
Bending Moment ‘BM’

+ve

Smiles

-ve
Frowns

16
Class Problem – Draw Deflected Shape
and Positive/Negative BM regions

5 kN/m

A B

10 m

17
 Class Problem
20 kN
A C B
10 kN

5m 15m

Find the internal actions at C

18
Relationship between Load, Shear & Bending Moment

w(x)

x ∆x

Isolate a small section dx wide

19
 ωdx

A B

dx

20
∑ F =( S + dS )
x − dS − ωdx =0

dS
ω=
dx

The slope of the shear force diagram ds/dx is equal to

The load per unit length. Also:

21
 ( dx )
2

∑M B =M − ( M + dM ) − Sdx − ω
2
=0

dM
−S =
dx

The slope of the bending moment dM/dx is equal to -S

22
General Procedure to Draw BMD/AFD/SFD

1. Draw a Free Body Diagram (FBD)

2. Find Reactions using 3 Equations of

Equilibrium on the entire structure

3. Find the internal actions as a function of the

length of the member using 3 Equations of
Equilibrium

4. Draw your BMD/AFD/SFD

 Example 1
Draw the AFD, SFD and BMD for the following structure

50 kN

2m 3m

Ans: M max =60kNm

 Example 2
Draw the AFD, SFD and BMD for the following structure

5 kN/m

10m

Ans: M max =62.5kNm

 Example 3
Draw the AFD, SFD and BMD for the following structure

2 kN/m

4.5m

Ans: M max =2.6kNm

 Class Problem
Draw the AFD, SFD and BMD for the following structure

10 kN 5 kN/m

3m 2m 4m

Ans: M max =-30kNm

 Example 5
Draw the AFD, SFD and BMD for the following structure

10 kN

Hinge

5 kN/m

5m

Ans: M max =-72.5kNm

2m 1m 1m