MANAGEMENT
1
INTRODUCTION – Summary of the course
• Construction handover
Comments:
1 “Quality” as noun may be associated with adjectives as “bad”,
“good” or “Excelent”;
2 “Inherent - means something that exists as a permanent
characteristic”;
3 “Requirement - need or expectation that is stated, generally
implied, or obligatory ”
5
The concept of quality has a dual
character (subjective and objective)
7
1.2. Quality approach stages
8
Holy Bible/Old Testament/Genesis – tells
about the creation of the world in six days .
• “All masons/buiders are not allowed to work untill they get a licence to proof their skill
from the Department of Public Works";
• "In future, the walls should be build using briks placed “on wide”, and those allready made
with brick on edge should be repaired" .
11
Contemporary period
13
Quality assurance and control - Quality
management systems
This new approach considers quality as a problem of all members of the
organization, not just one department of it.
16
• 1961: “Total Quality Control” - Armand
Feigenbaum
A. Feigenbaum (american expert and businessman, born
1922) developed the concept Total Quality Control (TQC),
later known as Total Quality Management (TQM).
- “TQC is an effective system for integrating the quality development,
quality maintenance, and quality improvement efforts of the various
groups in an organization so as to enable production and service at the
most economical levels which allow full customer satisfaction” .
- He advocated that “Because quality is everybody's job, it may
become nobody's job, therefore quality must be actively managed
and have visibility at the highest levels of management”.
- He also developed the concept of Quality Costs
17
• 1979 -1981 – U.K.: B.S. 5750 “British
Standard on Quality Systems”
Acording to this standard, any quality management
system should be recorded and documented and must
provide premises for preparing a Quality manual, which
must become a description of how the organization
conducts its business.
• ISO was formed in 1946 in Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO’s intention was
to promote the development of international standards and related activities
so as to encourage the increased trade of products and services between
countries.
• ISO purpose :
- Harmonise standards at international level
- Ensure consistency of output
- Make organisations more competitive by reducing wastage at various
places in the company
At the beginning, in 1987, ISO 9000:1987 had a very similar structure as the UK
Standard BS 5750 ( with three 'models' for quality management systems) and as the
U.S. Defence Standards .
The ISO 9000 standard is continually being revised by standing technical committees
and advisory groups, who receive feedback from those professionals who are
implementing the standard. The 2000 version made a radical change in thinking by
actually placing the concept of process management.
20
1.4 Quality management premises
22
• Changing employee approach about quality - prevention is
less costly than repair. Every employee has to be able to
prove that they are involved up to the level of their
responsibility, and that they know their role in making their
particular work area successful;
• Design of an efficient Organization structure and proper
functioning of the quality system. This implies that the
general manager should clearly define the objectives, ensure
the preparation of plans, programs and procedures to achieve
the objectives, assign tasks, delegate authority and resources
and factual approach to decision making;
• General manager should inform about he quality objectives
and policies;
• Periodic review of documentation
• Provide sound information, specification and
requirements for all the sequences of the work;
23
• Evaluation and selection of suppliers ;
• Performing manufacturing operations under
controlled conditions;
• Production department to be consulted by the
marketing department about the ability to meet
the quality requirements;
• Keeping under control the system’s documents
and records;
• Ongoing analysis of customer complaints and
rejected products to determine the causes that
generated them;
• Revision and evaluation of the system through
system audits.
24
1.5 Factors influencing quality
25
1.5. Terms and definitions about quality
(based on ISO 9000)
• Quality: degree to which a set of inherent (permanent)
charecteristics fulfils requirements;
• Requirement: need or expectation that is stated, generally
implied or obligatory.
COMMENTS:
- Requirements for products/services can be specified by customers or
by the organization in anticipation of customer requirements, or by
regulation (technical specifications, product standards, process
standards, contractual agreements and regulatory requirements).
- Because customer needs and expectations are changing, and
because of competitive pressures and technical advances, organizations
are driven to improve continually their products and processes.
- Requirements for quality management systems are specified in ISO
9001. Requirements for quality management systems are generic and
applicable to organizations in any industry or economic sector
regardless of the offered product category. ISO 9001 itself does not
establish requirements for products.
26
• Management: coordinated activities to direct
and control an organization;
COMMENTS:
- Management is the process of achieving an organization’s
goals as efficiently as possible, through the coordinated
performance of five specific functions: planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling.
34
Divisional/Product/Project Structure
35
• Process: set of interrelated or interacting activities
which transforms inputs into outputs;
COMMENTS:
- Any activity, or set of activities, that uses
resources to transform inputs to outputs can be
considered as a process. For organizations to
function effectively, they have to identify and
manage numerous interrelated and interacting
processes. Often, the output from one process will
directly form the input into the next process. The
systematic identification and management of the
processes employed within an organization and
particularly the interactions between such
processes is referred to as the “process
approach”. 36
Model of a process-based QMS (ISO 9000)
37
• Product: result of a process.
COMMENTS:
Product means:
- Hardware: construction (parts);
- Services;
- Software;
- Processed materials.
• Nonconformity: non-fulfillment of a
requirement.
39
• Preventive action: action to eliminate the
cause of a potential noncoformity or other
undesirable potential situations.
• Corrective action: action to eliminate the
cause of a detected noncoformity or other
undesirable situations.
COMMENTS:
- There can be more than one cause for a
(potential) nonconformity;
- Preventive action is taken to prevent occurance
whereas corrective action is taken to prevent
recurrence.
40
• Correction: action to eliminate a detected
nonconformity.
COMMENTS:
A correction may consist in: rework, regrade or repair.
- Rework: action on a nonconforming product to make it
conform to the requirements;
- Regrade: alteration of the grade (level of quality
requirements) of a nonconforming product in order to
make it conform to a new set of requirements, differing
from the initial ones;
- Repair: action on a nonconforming product to make it
acceptable for the intended use. Repair reffers to a
previously conforming product to restore it for use (ex.
As a part of maintenance). Unlike rework, repair can
affect or change parts of the nonconforming product.
41
• Specification: document (information and its
supporting medium) stating requirements.
COMMENTS:
A specification can be related to:
- Activities: procedure document, process/test
specificationaction;
- Products: product/performance specification, drawings.
COMMENTS:
Audits may be:
- Internal (first party) audits: are conducted by the organization itself
for internal purposes;
- External – second party audits: are conducted by parties having
an interest in the organization (costumers);
- External – third party audits: are conducted by external
independent organizations to provide certification of conformity with
the provision of a standard (ex. ISO 9001).
43
REMEMBER FROM THE PREVIOUS
LECTURE:
- The concept of "quality" = a notion that people have
operated since ancient times:
Genesis: “1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made,
and, behold, it was very good.”
Hammurapi: “If a builder builds a house, and that house
collapses and kills the owner, the builder will be put to death”
- ISO 9000 standards:
Quality: degree to which a set of inherent (permanent)
charecteristics fulfils requirements;
Requirement: need or expectation that is stated, generally
implied or obligatory.
Quality management: component of management
responsible with the directing and controlling the organization
with regard to quality;
44
2. Construction Quality
2.1. Construction industry and
Sustainable development
Construction facilities occur as a result of
various fundamental motivations/needs:
- need for safety (shelter);
- need to provide adequate conditions
for various activities (production,
business, education, culture, ....);
- spiritual and aesthetic needs;
- protection of environment, etc.
45
Construction industry change and sometimes
damage environment:
46
For humans, sustainability is the potential for
long-term maintenance of well being, which has
environmental, economic, and social dimensions
48
2.2. The Construction Performance Approach:
Requirements, Performances, Quality
50
User Requirements (Statement of Requirements)
– need or expectation related to the intended product;
– based on client’s needs and specific activities;
– document prepared by clients, or in the verbal
statements;
– initially are vaguely defined, mainly as general
descriptions of the intended facility;
– are converted/“translated” into Performance
Requirements (explicit or implicit) by Architect and
Engineer;
– represent the Demand;
– the Required performance should fulfill the
Demand;
– An important part of a continuous process of
communication between clients (demand) and their
project team (supply). 51
D PERFORMANCE
USER LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
E
• Related to needs • What should have the
M • Related to own activities “product” facilitate – to meet
A (intended use) the intended use
N • Based on technical
D language and concepts
REQUIREMENTS PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS
COMPARE
S TECHNICAL LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE
U • Related to technical LANGUAGE
• Predicted and/or measured
P solutions properties of the solutions
• How can the requirements
L be met offered QUALITY
Y • Specific to supply chain PERFORMANCE
participants SPECIFICATIONS
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE
of the BUILDING 52
Performance requirements - translate user
requirements in more precise quantitative measurable
and technical terms, usually for a specific purpose.
53
Target of Performance based approach: matching
of user requirements and performance
(specifications) of built assets.
REMEMBER:
Quality (according to ISO 9000) = degree to which a
set of inherent (permanent) charecteristics (of a
product/service) fulfils requirements.
56
Romanian STANDARD about User Requirements
STAS 12400/1-1985, Table 2, Anex A – define the fallowing requirements:
• Mechanical resistance and stability;
• Safety in case of fire;
• Safety in use;
• Leak protection;
• Hygrothermal requirements;
• Air quality;
• Acoustic requirements;
• Visual/Aesthetic requirements;
• Tactile requirements;
• Accessibility;
• Hygiene;
• Space functionality and adaptability;
• Durability;
• Value for many (cost effectiveness).
57
Romanian CODE NC 001-1999 regarding
explication of User Requirements
Performance requirements - translate user
requirements in more precise quantitative measurable and
technical terms, by the use of a lot/set of Performance
Criteria.
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT
Law 10
1995 - 2007 2007- present
Mechanical resistance and
A Resistance and stability
stability
B Safety in use Safety in case of fire
Hygiene, health and the
C Safety in case of fire
environment
Hygiene and health of man
(workers, occupants or
D neighbours) and environment
Safety in use
protection and rehabilitation
Heat retention, Waterproof
E insulation and Energy Protection against noise
economy
Energy economy and heat
F Protection against noise
retention 61
A. Mechanical resistance and stability
65
E. Protection against noise
66
F. Energy economy and heat retention
The construction works and their heating,
cooling, lighting and ventilation installations
must be designed and built in such a way that
the amount of energy they require in use shall
be low, when account is taken of the occupants
and of the climatic conditions of the location.
73
• System = a set of interacting or interdependent
components and rules forming an integrated whole (ex :
organizational structures, laws, responsibilities,
construction codes etc with various conexions in
between).
Input = customer and community needs and
requirements;
System behavior = it contains processes that transform
inputs into outputs (material, money, energy or data);
Output = design, built facility, construction works.
• Cybernetic System = are capable of receiving, storing
and processing information so as to use it for self –
control, using “feed-back”.
• Open Cybernetic System = exchanges matter and
energy with its surroundings/environment (competitors,
suppliers, local/central authorities, banks, etc).
Usually, “environment” induces restrictions
74
Comments about Q. system behavior
• Each person and/or organization within the
system has speciffic interests, which can be
even opposite.
• Inside organizations importance approach
regarding various objectives can outline a
speciffic objective affecting another (ex.
Quantity/Profit more important than Quality,
Time reduction more important than Quality
improvement, etc);
• Partizan attitude within the departments affecting
the company global objectives.
• The more components of the system, the higher
incidence of failers occurs.
75
3. OBLIGATIONS RELATED TO
CONSTRUCTION QUALITY
Construction quality is not only a matter related
to client’s requirements and preferences.
• Casualties,
• Bad injuries to one or more persons,
• Partial or total damage to the construction and its
services and equipment, and other significant
consequences,
- Clearly and fully define his needs and expectations - since late changes of mind can prove expensive
in terms of timescale, cost and quality;
- Ensure that the appropriate team is appointed (either collectively or individually) to provide advice
and to represent the Client's interests - they must be suitably resourced, qualified, experienced and
able to work together as a team;
- Analyse the risks attached to the project, quantify them, ensure they are managed and make
appropriate financial and time provision for them;
- Establish time, cost and quality levels and benchmarks before the construction phase commences,
and then against which the project can be monitored as it proceeds;
- Obtain external professional advice and support if this is not available in-house. This may involve
the appointment of a client adviser who will give guidance on the preparation of the technical and
economic appraisal and options to meet his needs including possibly a non-build option;
- Ensures that the statutory requirements (quality, health and safety matters, etc) have been
resolved by design documents and site access is available prior to commencing construction;
• Obtain all the approvals and licenses, including
the Construction permit, required by the law;
• Administer witness-evidences;
106
The goal of classifying buildings by their
categories of importance should refer to:
107
Constructions are listed in one of the four following
categories of importance:
108
The Category of importance induces differentiation in
approaching quality meters, as follows :
- 6 determinant factors;
- 3 associated criteria for each determinant
factor;
112
No Determinant factors Associated criteria
I) Degree in which the construction and operation of the facility influence the natural
and built environment;
ECOLOGIC
3 II) Degree of alteration of the natural and built environment;
IMPLICATION
iii) Degree of positive influence in protection and restoration of the natural and built
environment.
I) Intended use duration;
II) Degree in which the structural performances of the construction subsystems
EXTEND OF
depend on knowledge of future evolution of stresses affecting the construction
4 CONSTRUCTION LIFE
during operation stage;
SPAN
III) Degree in which functional performances depend on evolution of owners future
requirements.
I) Degree in which structural solutions depend on local conditions;
NECESSITY LOCAL II) Degree in which local conditions are expected to change over time;
CONDITIONS III) Degree in which local conditions determine special care in construction operation
5
CONSIDERATION and maintenance.
(soil, environment, neighbors)
a) Review the input data with refer to: functions; capacity; use
duration; technical solutions, materials and products to be used;
estimate resource, cost and construction duration, etc.
b) Estimate the possible consequences on the project due to local
conditions, and their evolution in time.
c) Estimate the possible consequences of the project (especially
industrial buildings) on the environment and neighbors, related to:
- special loads/effects induced by facility: vibrations, shocks;
temperature, noise, corrosive agents, etc.;
The score for each Determinant factor is established using the formula bellow
(1.1.):
n
∑ ki ⋅ pi
Pm = i =1
where:
m = Contor for determinant factors; m =1÷6;
Pm = Determinant factor “m” score;
ki = Criterion importance coefficient (reflects the unicity feature of the construction) .
Usually = 1, but may be increased up to maximum 2, in case of particular or listed or
unique constructions;
pi = Score of each associated criterion (i = 1 ÷ n = 3) - according to criterion influence
see Tabel 2);
n = Number of associated criteria for each determinant factor (n = 3);
Note: The determinant factor’ s score is rounded to the following natural number.
117
Tabel 2: Associate criteria scoring
Estimated level of criterion influence Criterion score “pi”
Unexistent 0
Reduced 1
Medium 2
Consistent 4
Considerable 6________
PT = ∑P
m =1
m
118
3. Preliminary set of Category of Importance
119
4. Final review and set of Category of importance
120
4.2 Classes of importance
A construction may be classified in various “Classes of
importance” according specific consideration provided by
Construction Regulations, Codes and Standards such as:
Seismic Design Code P 100/1-2006, Fire Design Code
P118/1999, SR EN 1990/2004 – Basis of structural design,
etc.
For example, P 100/1-2006 classifies constructions in 4 classes of
importance according to their expected behavior in case of
seismic action (Table 4) by the use of an “Importance factor -
γI” that will influence the dimension of the Seismic force.
121
Class of
Description γI
importance
Buildings having essential functions, whose integrity
during earthquake is vital for comunity:
- Fire stations, Police stations;
I - Hospitals, Resque headquarters; 1,4
- Buildings hosting institutions with major contribution in
management of desasters, national security, etc;
- Power stations and related facilities.
Buildings whose seismic behavior is important for
comunity and occupants:
- Public buildings, Block of flats with more than 400
people exposed;
- Hospitals and related facilities, other than those
mentioned in Class I, having more then 150 people
II exposed; 1,2
- Penitentiaries;
- Old people hostels, Nurseries;
- Schools, , having more then 200 people exposed;
- Conference halls, Concert halls, theatres, and others,
having more then 200 people exposed;
- Listed buildings, Museums, etc.
III Current buildings, other then those listed in Classes I, II, 1,0
and IV.
1. GENERALITĂŢI
Soluţia de restaurare şi refuncţionalizare a clădirii s-a întocmit urmărind
refuncţionalizarea imobilului pentru a deservi Centrul pentru Acţiuni de Salvare
şi Prevenire a Dezastrelor Bacău.
Corpul A, are o vechime de peste 150 de ani, fiind modificat şi înfrumuseţat în 1890, iar al doilea
corp, adiacent primului a fost construit în 1896.
123
STABILIREA CATEGORIEI DE IMPORTANTA
∑k i ⋅ pi
m=1-6 (p = 0/1/2/4/6)
Pm = i =1
n
k(i) P(m) p(i ) p(ii) p(iii)
1=Import. Vitala 1 4 2 4 6
2=Import. Soc – Ec si Cult 1 4 4 1 ??? 6
3=Import. Ecologică 1 3 1 ?? 1 ?? 6
4=Neces luarii in cons a Dur. 1 2 2 2 2
5=Adapt la cond locale 1 2 4 1 1
6=Volumul de resurse impl. 1 2 2 2 2
126
The legal provisions are mandatory for all those
involved in all the aspects of construction procurement
in Romania.
127
5.1. Verification of Design
Symbol
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT
1995 - 2007 2007- prezent
1 2 3
130
Verification of Design pattern
(According to Ordinul M.L.P.A.T. nr. 77/N/1996, partea I, Anexa 1)
Table 2
ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT
Design Category of To be reviewed
Section importance A B C D E F
Exceptional (A) ● ● ● ● ● ●
Special (B) ● ● ● ● ● ●
Building
Normal (C) ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Low (D) ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Exceptional (A) ● ● ● ● ● ●
Special (B) ● ● ● ● ● ●
Services
Normal (C) ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Low (D) ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
131
Notes:
* Verification of design in order to check the compliance of the
design documents with Essential Requirement A –
Mechanical resistance and stability (MRS) is compulsory in
any cases provided by the Law.
134
Simbol Domenii/subdomenii de constructii
cerinta Simb Denumire
1 2 3
Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii civile, industriale, agrozoo;
A1 energetice; telecomunicatii; miniere; edilitare si de gospodarie comunala
cu structura din beton, beton armat, zidarie, lemn
Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii civile, industriale, agrozoo;
A2 energetice; telecomunicatii; miniere; edilitare si de gospodarie comunala
cu structura de rezistenta din metal, lemn
A3
Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii rutiere, drumuri, piste de
A A4
aviatie; poduri; tunele
A5 Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii de cai ferate
Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii de porturi si platforme marine
A6
A7 Rezistenta si stabilitate pentru constructii si amenajari hidrotehnice
A8
A9 Rezistenta si stabilitate la constructii pentru imbunatatiri funciare
Rezistenta si stabilitatea terenului de fundare a constructiilor si a
Af
masivelor de pamant
Siguranta in exploatare pentru constructii civile, industriale, agrozoo,
B1
energetice; telecomunicatii; miniere
Siguranta in exploatare pentru constructii rutiere, drumuri, piste de aviatie;
B2
poduri; tunele
B3 Siguranta in exploatare pentru constructii de cai ferate
B B4 Siguranta in exploatare pentru constructii de porturi si platforme marine
B5 Siguranta in exploatare pentru constructii si amenajari hidrotehnice
B6
B7 Siguranta in exploatare la constructii pentru imbunatatiri funciare
B8
B9 Siguranta in exploatare la constructii edilitare si de gospodarie comunala
C Siguranta la foc in constructii pentru toate domeniile
D Igiena, sanatatea oamenilor, refacerea si protectia mediului - toate domeniile
E Izolatie termica, hidrofuga si economia de energie - pentru toate domeniile
F Protectie impotriva zgomotului in constructii pentru toate domeniile
135
Pentru toate cerintele si domeniile
Simbol Denumire Cuprins specialitate
specialitate
1 2 3
• instalatii sanitare interioare
• instalatii exterioare de alimentare cu apa
Is Instalatii sanitare
• instalatii exterioare de canalizare
• instalatii de stingere a incendiilor
• instalatii de incalzire
• instalatii de ventilare
It Instalatii termice
• instalatii de climatizare si frig
• instalatii de prevenire a incendiilor
• instalatii interioare de gaze naturale
• instalatii exterioare de gaze naturale
Ig Instalatii de gaze • instalatii de gaze lichefiate
• instalatii exterioare de gaze naturale cu
conducte din mase plastice
• instalatii electrice, inclusiv pentru curenti slabi
• instalatii de protectie la descarcari atmosferice
• instalatii de automatizare si semnalizare pentru
Ie Instalatii electrice instalatii termice si de gaze
• instalatii de avertizare si de prevenire a incendiilor
• instalatii de telecomunicatii si de transmitere a
informatiilor
136
VERIFICATION OF DESIGN – CHECK LISTS
(Design Performance Requirements)
E.R. “A” – Mech. Resist. and Stability: Minimal Check list
137
E.R. “B” – Safety in use : Minimal Check list
138
E.R. “C” – Safety in case of fire : Minimal Check list
Design documents Performance requirements (aspects to be reviewed)
reviewed
1. Fire protection from vicinities;
2. Define the fire category of the technological processes;
3. Define: Building fire degree resistence and behavior;
4. Limitation of fire emision within the building and its
facades; Smoke evacuation;
5. Provision of evacuation routes and their protection in case
Structure and of fire;
Architecture design 6. Equipe the building with specialised devices against fire;
7. Acees routes (interior and exterior) to facilitate rescue
intervention in case of fire;
8. Management plan in case of fire;
9. Completness of documentation;
10. Other provisions.
139
E.R. “D” –Hygiene and health, Environment: Minimal Check list
Design documents Performance requirements (aspects to be reviewed)
reviewed
1. Protection against external emissions;
2. Ensure air quality – depending of room
destination, type of occupants, type of activities,
ventilation systems, etc;
3. Consider finishing works without volatile
emissions;
4. Provision of facilities to ensure a proper
maintenance and hygiene;
Structure and 5. Wastewater disposal without infesting
Architecture design environment or people;
6. Household waste disposal without infesting
environment or people;
7. Prevent environment polution due to activities
performed inside construction facility;
8. Proper lightening;
9. Completness of written documents and drawings;
10. Other.
140
E.R “E” – Heat retention, Waterproof insulation and Energy economy:
Minimal Check list
Design documents Performance requirements (aspects to be reviewed)
reviewed
1. Climate conditions;
2. Interior confort according to occupants and their
activities;
3. Minimise functioning cost (heating, cooling)
considering the anvelope performance;
4. Avoid water vapor condensation;
Structure and
5. Avoid water lickeage through anvelope and
Architecture design
construction subsystems;
6. Avoid water infiltration from soil;
7. Completness of written documents and drawings;
8. Others.
141
E.R. “F” – Protection against noise: Minimal Check list
142
Design documents subject to Verification
143
The following aspects/attributes of
the Design are not subject to
Verification:
• Architectural concept,
147
5.2 Technical Expert Witnessing of Design,
Construction works and Constructions
Technical Expert Witnessing is a complex activity referring to:
- Research works;
- Experimental and testing works;
- Studies and surveying;
necessary to evaluate actual/real performance/technical
characteristics of:
- Design works;
- Construction works;
- Existing construction facilities,
149
Aspects considered by expert:
• Local conditions: soil, environment, use conditions;
• Actual state of construction: degradations, accidents;
• Construction log book;
• Provisions of construction codes at the date of initial
design and at present time.
- Own employee;
- Contractor’s Certified Technical Inspector
(R.T.E.);
- Self quality management system.
152
Tabel ..... Certification domains for R.T.E.
Domenii de constructii
Simbol Denumire
1 2
Building, Industrial, Agricultural, Energetic and
I
Telecomunication, Mining Construction works
II Roads, Bridges, Tunnels, Airoport platforms
III Railway construction works
IV Marine construction works
V Hydrotechnical construction works
VII Landscape improvement construction works
IX Urban services construction works
XI Special foundation construction works
153
Obligations of Certified Technical Inspector
- Allow construction works only on the basis of
verified design documentation;
- Verify technical procedures for construction works,
quality assurance and controll programmes,
construction programmes (Gant charts);
-Stop construction works where deviations from quality
requirements or design provisions have been observed;
-Allow these works to proceed only if correction
measures have been taken;
- Develop and maintain a Register of works under
his/her supervision;
- Present to statutory inspectors all the necessary
documents for quality assesment.
154
Certified Technical Inspector Certification
158
– Participate together with the Designer and
Contractor to fixing general landmarks of the
construction facility;
159
– Verify if the Design documents are made and
verified according to the legal provisions;
160
B. During execution of construction works
161
– Verify the correct performance of construction
works in respect of methods and technologies;
162
– Transmit to Designer any complain or
request that might come from any part
involved in the project in order to prevent or
to correct non-conformities;
163
– Collect all the required documents in order
to assembly the Construction Diary
according to the legal requirements;
164
C. During Handover stage
165
The above obligations may be supplimented
according to the contract clauses.
166
6. VERIFICAREA CALITATII SI RECEPTIONAREA LUCRARILOR DE CONSTRUCTII
SI A CONSTRUCTIILOR
a) investitorul;
b) comisia de recepţie numită de investitor;
c) proiectantul lucrării;
d) executantul.
• - importanţa construcţiei;
• - zona seismică (conform P 100/2006);
• - gradul de asigurare seismică;
• - repetabilitatea construcţiei (gradul de risc fiind amplificat, în cazul
în care un anumit tip de construcţie are răspândire mare);
• - caracteristici ale infrastructurii;
• - caracteristici ale suprastructurii;
• - factori de mediu exteriori;
• - factori de mediu interiori, etc
Urmărirea specială se efectuează pe baza unui proiect de urmărire
specială care va cuprinde următoarele: