Lesson Plan

Lesson : Acyl Chlorides

Aim :

To study the nomenclature and chemical reactions of acyl chlorides.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to :

1. give the IUPAC names of acyl chlorides

2. compare the ease of hydrolysis of ethanoyl chloride with that of ethyl chloride

3. predict the products of the reactions of ethanoyl chloride with ethanol, phenol,
ammonia and ethylamine.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. the basic rules in IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes and carboxylic acids

2. the electron-withdrawing effect of electronegative atoms such as oxygen

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 3

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction.
(Ascertaining prior • Teacher to get students to recall the
knowledge and general structure of carboxylic acids.
introducing lesson • Teacher to use the flow chart in
topic for the day). Introduction page 2 to point out the lesson
objectives of the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 3 with • Courseware

the students.

Activity 1 : Nomenclature

Students are taught the general structure

and nomenclature of acyl chlorides.

Activity 2 : Hydrolysis

Students are shown how ethanoyl

chloride can react with water at room
temperature due to the electron-
withdrawing effect of the oxygen atom
present.

Activity 3 : Other reactions of ethanoyl

chloride

Students are shown the reactions of

ethanoyl chloride with reagents such as
ethanol, phenol, ammonia and
ethylamine.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to read up reference materials • References

on their own.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 3

Worksheet Answers

1. Nomenclature

1.1 a. Butanoyl chloride

b. Pentanoyl chloride

2. Hydrolysis

2.1 The carbonyl bond, C O of ethanoyl chloride is polar. This polar effect together with
the electron-withdrawing effect of the chlorine atom cause the carbon atom of the
carbonyl bond to have a larger partial positive charge than the carbon atom attached
to only a chlorine atom in chloroethane.

2.2 Add water at room temperature to a beaker of propanoyl chloride and to another
beaker containing 1-chloropropane in a fume cupboard. White fumes will only be
observed in the beaker containing propanoyl chloride. No observable changes take
place in the beaker containing 1-chloropropane.

CH3CH2COCl + H2O CH3CH2COOH + HCl

2.3 CH3CH2CH2Cl < C6H5COCl < CH3CH2COCl.

3. Other reactions of ethanoyl chloride

3.1 a. CH3CH2COOCH2CH2CH3 + HCl

b. CH3CH2CONHCH2CH2CH3 + HCl

3.2 a. A = CH3CH2OH
b. B = CH3CH2COOH or CH3CH2COCl
c. C = CH3CH2CH2COCl

3.3 A : CH3CH2OH
B : CH3COCl
C : CH3COOCH2CH3
D : C6H5COCl
E : CH3CONH2

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 3