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SEBU7908-09 69
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule
Overhaul
Maintenance Recommendations ........................ 105
Overhaul (Major) ................................................. 108
SEBU7908-09 71
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule
Initial 10 Service Hours Every 272 550 L (72 000 US gal) of Fuel or
3000 Service Hours
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace .............................. 76
Auxiliary Water Pump (Bronze Impeller) -
Every 50 Service Hours or Weekly Inspect ................................................................ 74
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change .......... 77
Sea Water Strainer - Clean/Inspect ..................... 112 Cooling System Water Temperature Regulator -
Zinc Rods - Inspect/Replace ................................ 114 Replace ............................................................... 85
Crankshaft Vibration Damper - Inspect ................. 86
72 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Interval Schedule
Overhaul
Maintenance Recommendations ........................ 102
Overhaul (Major) ................................................. 108
SEBU7908-09 73
Maintenance Section
Aftercooler Core - Clean/Test
1. Turn the aftercooler core on one side in order Test the Aftercooler Core
to remove debris. Remove the debris that is
accessible. 1. Inspect the core for trapped debris and
cleanliness. If necessary, remove the debris and
NOTICE repeat the cleaning procedure.
Do not use a high concentration of caustic cleaner to
clean the core. A high concentration of caustic cleaner 2. Inspect the core for damage and perform a
can attack the internal metals of the core and cause pressure test in order to detect leaks. Many shops
leakage. Only use the recommended concentration of that service radiators are equipped to perform
cleaner. pressure tests.
2. Back flush the core with cleaner. 3. Plug both ends of the aftercooler core and
pressurize the core to 205 kPa (30 psi). Submerge
Caterpillar recommends the use of Hydrosolv the core in water. Look for bubbles which are
liquid cleaner. Table 20 lists Hydrosolv liquid being emitted from the core. The bubbles are
cleaners that are available from your Caterpillar evidence of leaks.
dealer.
4. If any leaks are found, do not attempt to repair the
Table 20 core.
Hydrosolv Liquid Cleaners(1) Install a core that is clean and a core that passes the
Part pressure test in step 3. Refer to the Disassembly
Description Size and Assembly Manual, “Aftercooler - Install” for the
Number
procedure.
1U-5490 Hydrosolv 4165 19 L (5 US gallon)
174-6854 Hydrosolv 100 19 L (5 US gallon) For more information on cleaning the core, consult
(1) Use a two to five percent concentration of the cleaner
your Caterpillar dealer.
at temperatures up to 93°C (200°F). Refer to Application
Guide, NEHS0526 or consult your Caterpillar dealer for more
information.
i02676048 i01041983
The battery cables or the batteries should not be All lead-acid batteries contain sulfuric acid which
removed with the battery cover in place. The bat- can burn the skin and clothing. Always wear a face
tery cover should be removed before any servic- shield and protective clothing when working on or
ing is attempted. near batteries.
Note: Always recycle a battery. Never discard a • A mixture of 0.1 L (0.11 qt) of ammonia and 1 L
battery. Return used batteries to an appropriate (1 qt) of clean water
recycling facility.
Thoroughly rinse the battery case with clean water.
5. Remove the used battery.
Use a fine grade of sandpaper to clean the
6. Install the new battery. terminals and the cable clamps. Clean the items
until the surfaces are bright or shiny. DO NOT
Note: Before the cables are connected, ensure that remove material excessively. Excessive removal
the key start switch is OFF. of material can cause the clamps to not fit properly.
Coat the clamps and the terminals with 5N-5561
7. Connect the cable from the starting motor to the Silicone Lubricant, petroleum jelly or MPGM.
POSITIVE “+” battery terminal.
i01492654
8. Connect the cable from the ground plane to the
NEGATIVE “-” battery terminal. Battery or Battery Cable -
Disconnect
i02601752
Check
SMCS Code: 1401-535 The battery cables or the batteries should not be
removed with the battery cover in place. The bat-
When the engine is not run for long periods of time or tery cover should be removed before any servic-
when the engine is run for short periods, the batteries ing is attempted.
may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge in order
to help prevent the battery from freezing. Removing the battery cables or the batteries with
the cover in place may cause a battery explosion
resulting in personal injury.
76 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace
1. Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn the Alternator Belt Adjustment
ignition switch (if equipped) to the OFF position
and remove the key and all electrical loads.
i02856850
Belts - Inspect/Adjust/Replace
SMCS Code: 1357-025; 1357-040; 1357-510
g00960176
Inspection Illustration 24
(1) Adjusting nuts
Inspect the alternator belt and any accessory belts (2) Mounting bolt
(3) Mounting bolt
for wear and for cracking. Replace the belts if the (4) Mounting bolt
belts are not in good condition.
1. Remove the drive belt guard.
To check the belt tension, apply 110 N (25 lb) of force
midway between the pulleys. A correctly adjusted 2. Loosen mounting bolts (2), (3), and (4). Loosen
belt will deflect 13 to 19 mm (0.50 to 0.75 inch). adjusting nuts (1).
Slippage of loose belts can reduce the efficiency 3. Turn adjusting nuts (1) in order to increase or
of the driven components. Vibration of loose belts decrease the drive belt tension.
can cause unnecessary wear on the following
components: 4. Tighten adjusting nuts (1). Tighten mounting bolts
(2), (3), and (4).
• Belts
5. Reinstall the drive belt guard.
• Pulleys
If new drive belts are installed, check the drive belt
• Bearings tension again after 30 minutes of engine operation at
the rated rpm.
If the belts are too tight, unnecessary stress is placed
on the components. This reduces the service life of
the components.
Replacement
For applications that require multiple drive belts,
replace the drive belts in matched sets. Replacing
one drive belt of a matched set will cause the new
drive belt to carry more load because the older drive
belts are stretched. The additional load on the new
drive belt could cause the new drive belt to fail.
SEBU7908-09 77
Maintenance Section
Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) Fumes Disposal Filter - Replace
i01735844 i02571689
NOTICE
Use of commercially available cooling system clean-
ers may cause damage to cooling system compo-
nents. Use only cooling system cleaners that are ap-
proved for Caterpillar engines.
• Engine load
Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
• Soot concentration ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
• Condition of the engine components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pres-
Use the following steps in order to ensure the proper sure.
replacement of the fumes disposal filter.
1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
1. Remove air cleaner element (1). Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
2. Remove fumes disposal filter (2). system filler cap.
3. Install a new fumes disposal filter (2). 2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
4. Install air cleaner element (1). valve, remove one of the drain plugs.
2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the 1. Flush the cooling system with clean water in order
drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the to remove any debris.
Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
more specific information on the proper torques. 2. Close the drain valve (if equipped). Clean the
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, “Torque drain plugs. Install the drain plugs. Refer to the
Specifications” for more general information on Specifications Manual for your particular engine for
the proper torques. more specific information on the proper torques.
Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130, “Torque
Specifications” for more general information on
NOTICE the proper torques.
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
per minute to avoid air locks.
NOTICE
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean per minute to avoid air locks.
water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add 0.5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per 15 L
(4 US gal) of the cooling system capacity. Install 3. Fill the cooling system with a mixture of clean
the cooling system filler cap. water and Caterpillar Fast Acting Cooling System
Cleaner. Add 0.5 L (1 pint) of cleaner per
4. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle for a 3.8 to 7.6 L (1 to 2 US gal) of the cooling system
minimum of 30 minutes. The coolant temperature capacity. Install the cooling system filler cap.
should be at least 82 °C (180 °F).
4. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle for a
minimum of 90 minutes. The coolant temperature
NOTICE should be at least 82 °C (180 °F).
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
can result in damage to copper and other metal com-
ponents. NOTICE
Improper or incomplete rinsing of the cooling system
To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure can result in damage to copper and other metal com-
to completely flush the cooling system with clear wa- ponents.
ter. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone. To avoid damage to the cooling system, make sure
to completely flush the cooling system with clear wa-
ter. Continue to flush the system until all signs of the
cleaning agent are gone.
SEBU7908-09 79
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (DEAC) - Change
Fill Illustration 26
g01268104
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the Engines that are Not Equipped with a
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If Coolant Recovery Tank
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler
NOTICE
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap.
Fill the cooling system no faster than 19 L (5 US gal)
If the gasket that is on the cooling system filler
per minute to avoid air locks.
cap is not damaged, perform a pressure test. A
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump is used to perform
the pressure test. The correct pressure for the 1. Fill the cooling system with antifreeze/coolant.
cooling system filler cap is stamped on the face of Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
the cooling system filler cap. If the cooling system “Refill Capacities and Recommendations”
filler cap does not retain the correct pressure, for additional information on cooling system
install a new cooling system filler cap. specifications. Do not install the cooling system
filler cap.
80 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) - Change
2. Start the engine and run the engine at low idle. Drain
Increase the engine rpm to high idle. Run the
engine at high idle for one minute in order to
purge the air from the cavities of the engine block.
Return the engine to low idle. Stop the engine. Pressurized System: Hot coolant can cause seri-
ous burns. To open the cooling system filler cap,
3. Check the coolant level. Maintain the coolant level stop the engine and wait until the cooling system
within 13 mm (0.5 inch) below the bottom of the components are cool. Loosen the cooling system
pipe for filling. Maintain the coolant level within pressure cap slowly in order to relieve the pres-
13 mm (0.5 inch) to the proper level on the sight sure.
glass (if equipped).
4. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the 1. Stop the engine and allow the engine to cool.
gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap. If Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly in
the gasket that is on the cooling system filler cap order to relieve any pressure. Remove the cooling
is damaged, discard the old cooling system filler system filler cap.
cap and install a new cooling system filler cap.
If the gasket that is on the cooling system filler 2. Open the cooling system drain valve (if equipped).
cap is not damaged, perform a pressure test. A If the cooling system is not equipped with a drain
9S-8140 Pressurizing Pump is used to perform valve, remove the cooling system drain plugs.
the pressure test. The correct pressure for the
cooling system filler cap is stamped on the face of Allow the coolant to drain.
the cooling system filler cap. If the cooling system
filler cap does not retain the correct pressure, NOTICE
install a new cooling system filler cap. Dispose of used engine coolant properly or recycle.
Various methods have been proposed to reclaim used
5. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for coolant for reuse in engine cooling systems. The full
leaks and for proper operating temperature. distillation procedure is the only method acceptable by
Caterpillar to reclaim the used coolant.
i02555261
For information regarding the disposal and the
Cooling System Coolant (ELC) recycling of used coolant, consult your Caterpillar
- Change dealer or consult Caterpillar Dealer Service Tools:
g01268104
Illustration 28
(1) Recovery tank filler cap
(2) “COLD FULL” mark
(3) “LOW ADD” mark
Note: Obtain a Coolant Sample (Level 1) if the • Obtain coolant samples directly from the coolant
cooling system is filled with any other coolant sample port. You should not obtain the samples
instead of Cat ELC. This includes the following from any other location.
types of coolants:
• Keep the lids on empty sampling bottles until you
• Commercial long life coolants that meet the are ready to collect the sample.
Caterpillar Engine Coolant Specification -1
(Caterpillar EC-1) • Place the sample in the mailing tube immediately
after obtaining the sample in order to avoid
• Cat DEAC (Diesel Engine Antifreeze/Coolant) contamination.
NOTICE
Failure to replace your water temperature regulator
on a regularly scheduled basis could cause severe
engine damage.
Engine - Clean
Type 1
SMCS Code: 1000-070
Note: Use the 102-9720 Cleaning Kit. This product
contains the detergent and oil that is made specifically
for the maintenance of the air cleaner elements.
Personal injury or death can result from high volt-
age.
NOTICE
Accumulated grease and oil on an engine is a fire haz-
ard. Keep the engine clean. Remove debris and fluid
spills whenever a significant quantity accumulates on
the engine.
• Easy detection of fluid leaks Note: This type of air cleaner element should be
replaced after three cleanings.
• Maximum heat transfer characteristics
1. Remove the air cleaner element (1). Tap the air
• Ease of maintenance cleaner element in order to dislodge dirt particles.
Gently brush the air cleaner element with a soft
Note: Caution must be used in order to prevent bristle brush.
electrical components from being damaged by
excessive water when you clean the engine. Avoid
electrical components such as the alternator, the NOTICE
starter, and the ECM. Do not use gasoline, steam, caustic or unapproved
detergents, or parts cleaning solvents. Do not use high
pressure water or air to clean the air cleaner element.
Any of those liquids or methods can cause air cleaner
element damage.
88 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Engine Air Cleaner Element - Clean/Replace
NOTICE
Do not use compressed air, open flame, or hot air to
dry the air cleaner element. Excess heat shrinks cot-
ton fiber, and compressed air may blow holes in the
material. Allow the air cleaner element to air dry.
g00888209
Illustration 33
Sequence for latches
g00888128
Illustration 34
Indicator - Inspect • Check the movement of the yellow core when the
(If Equipped) engine is accelerated to the engine rated speed.
The yellow core should latch approximately at the
greatest vacuum that is attained.
SMCS Code: 7452-040
If the service indicator does not reset easily, or if the
Some engines may be equipped with a different
yellow core does not latch at the greatest vacuum,
service indicator.
the service indicator should be replaced. If the new
service indicator will not reset, the hole for the service
indicator may be plugged.
90 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Engine Crankcase Breather - Clean
The service indicator may need to be replaced 4. Install a breather element that is clean and dry.
frequently in environments that are severely dusty, if Install the seal, the breather assembly, and the
necessary. Replace the service indicator annually clamp. Refer to the Specifications, SENR3130 in
regardless of the operating conditions. Replace the order to locate the proper torques.
service indicator when the engine is overhauled, and
whenever major engine components are replaced. 5. Install the hose. Install the hose clamp. Refer to
the Specifications, SENR3130 in order to locate
Note: When a new service indicator is installed, the proper torques.
excessive force may crack the top of the service
indicator. Tighten the service indicator to a torque
i02456872
of 2 N·m (18 lb in).
Engine Mounts - Inspect
i02263740
SMCS Code: 1152-040
Engine Crankcase Breather -
Inspect the engine mounts for deterioration and for
Clean proper bolt torque. Engine vibration can be caused
by the following conditions:
SMCS Code: 1317-070
• Improper mounting of the engine
NOTICE
Perform this maintenance with the engine stopped. • Deterioration of the engine mounts
If the crankcase breather is not maintained on a Any engine mount that shows deterioration should be
regular basis, the crankcase breather will become replaced. Refer to Special Publication, SENR3130,
plugged. A plugged crankcase breather will cause “Torque Specifications” for the recommended
excessive crankcase pressure that may cause torques. Refer to the OEM recommendations for
crankshaft seal leakage. more information.
i03709060
g01136454
Illustration 36
Typical example
(1) Hose clamp
(2) Breather assembly
(3) Retaining clamp
(4) Seal
• Side for service • Standard Oil Sump: Fill the crankcase with
75.7 L (80 qt) of the recommended oil.
The engine oil level gauge must be calibrated after
the engine is installed in the vessel. 8. Start the engine. Ensure that the lubrication
system and the new engine oil filter are filled.
Note: The engine may be equipped with auxiliary Inspect the lubrication system for leaks.
engine oil filters. The extra filters require more engine
oil than the standard amounts. Refer to the OEM 9. Stop the engine and allow the engine oil to drain
specifications. into the engine crankcase for approximately
twenty minutes.
Use the following procedure in order to calibrate and
mark the engine oil level gauge. 10. Check the engine oil level. Use a marking tool in
order to engrave the “ADD” mark (Y) to the correct
1. Ensure that the engine is properly aligned and that location on the gauge assembly.
the engine is in the design trim. The engine must
be installed properly in the vessel.
92 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Engine Oil Sample - Obtain
11. Add 9.5 L (10 qt) of the recommended oil grade To ensure that the sample is representative of the
and weight of engine oil to the crankcase with a oil in the crankcase, obtain a warm, well mixed oil
standard sump. Allow the oil to drain into the sump sample.
for approximately 20 minutes.
To avoid contamination of the oil samples, the tools
12. Check the engine oil level. Use a marking tool in and the supplies that are used for obtaining oil
order to engrave “FULL” mark (X) onto the correct samples must be clean.
location on the gauge assembly.
Caterpillar recommends using the sampling valve
in order to obtain oil samples. The quality and the
consistency of the samples are better when the
sampling valve is used. The location of the sampling
valve allows oil that is flowing under pressure to be
obtained during normal engine operation.
• Engine model
• Service hours on the engine Hot oil and hot components can cause personal
injury. Do not allow hot oil or hot components to
• The number of hours that have accumulated since contact the skin.
the last oil change
Do not drain the oil when the engine is cold. As the oil Nonferrous metals may indicate wear on the
cools, suspended waste particles settle on the bottom aluminum parts, brass parts or bronze parts of
of the oil pan. The waste particles are not removed the engine. Parts that may be affected include
with the draining cold oil. Drain the crankcase with the following items: main bearings, rod bearings,
the engine stopped. Drain the crankcase with the turbocharger bearings, and cylinder heads.
oil warm. This draining method allows the waste
particles that are suspended in the oil to be drained Due to normal wear and friction, it is not
properly. uncommon to find small amounts of debris in the
oil filter. Consult your Caterpillar dealer in order
Failure to follow this recommended procedure will to arrange for a further analysis if an excessive
cause the waste particles to be recirculated through amount of debris is found in the oil filter.
the engine lubrication system with the new oil.
i01458399
NOTICE
To prevent crankshaft bearing damage, crank the en-
Engine Storage Procedure -
gine with the fuel OFF. This will fill the oil filters before Check
starting the engine. Do not crank the engine for more
than 30 seconds. SMCS Code: 1000-535
2. Start the engine and run the engine at “LOW The oil change interval may be extended to 12
IDLE” for two minutes. Perform this procedure in months for a vehicle that is operated seasonally
order to ensure that the lubrication system has and placed in storage for the remainder of the year
oil and that the oil filters are filled. Inspect the oil by using the required storage procedures and the
filter for oil leaks. required start-up procedures. This extension is
permitted if the following categories for oil change
3. Stop the engine and allow the oil to drain back to intervals in the Operation and Maintenance Manual,
the sump for a minimum of ten minutes. “Maintenance Interval Schedule” have not been
reached:
4. Remove the oil level gauge in order to check the
oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “ADD” • Mileage
and “FULL” marks on the oil level gauge.
• Operating hours
i03709240 • Fuel consumption
Engine Speed/Timing Sensors If an engine is out of operation and if use of the
- Check/Clean/Calibrate engine is not planned, special precautions should
be made. If the engine will be stored for more than
SMCS Code: 1912-040; 1912-070; 1912-524 three months, a complete protection procedure is
recommended. For more detailed information on
engine storage, see Special Instruction, SEHS9031,
“Storage Procedure For Caterpillar Products”.
i00869628 i01597115
NOTICE
A valve rotator which does not operate properly will
accelerate valve face wear and valve seat wear and
Ensure that the engine can not be started while shorten valve life. If a damaged rotator is not replaced,
this maintenance is being performed. To help pre- valve face guttering could result and cause pieces of
vent possible injury, do not use the starting motor the valve to fall into the cylinder. This can cause piston
to turn the flywheel. and cylinder head damage.
Hot engine components can cause burns. Allow
additional time for the engine to cool before mea- If a valve fails to rotate, consult your Caterpillar
suring/adjusting valve lash clearance. dealer.
i02927282
4. If the engine does not start, repeat Steps 1 1. Close the main fuel supply valve.
through 3 in order to start the engine.
SEBU7908-09 97
Maintenance Section
Fuel System Primary Filter/Water Separator - Drain
NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal
engine operation. Ensure that the vent plug is tight-
ened securely to help prevent air from entering the fu-
el system.
• Bowl
• O-ring
• Mounting base
Inspect the O-ring for damage and for
deterioration. Replace the O-ring, if necessary.
NOTICE NOTICE
The water separator is under suction during normal Do not loosen fuel lines or fittings at the fuel manifold
engine operation. Ensure that the drain valve is tight- or ECM. The engine components may be damaged.
ened securely to help prevent air from entering the fuel
system.
2. Remove the used fuel filter.
i03645042
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained
during performance of inspection, maintenance, test-
Illustration 45
g00396257 ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before open-
(1) Fuel supply connections
(2) Fuel filters
ing any compartment or disassembling any compo-
nent containing fluids.
NOTICE Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar
Do not allow dirt to enter the fuel system. Thoroughly Dealer Service Tool Catalog” or refer to Special Pub-
clean the area around a fuel system component that lication, PECJ0003, “Caterpillar Shop Supplies and
will be disconnected. Fit a suitable cover over any dis- Tools Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable to col-
connected fuel system components. lect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Fuel Tank This will help prevent water or sediment from being
pumped from the storage tank into the engine fuel
Fuel quality is critical to the performance and to the tank. A four micron(c) absolute filter for the breather
service life of the engine. Water in the fuel can cause vent on the fuel tank is also recommended. Refer
excessive wear to the fuel system. Condensation to Special Publication, SENR9620, “Improving Fuel
occurs during the heating and cooling of fuel. The System Durablity”.
condensation occurs as the fuel passes through the
fuel system and the fuel returns to the fuel tank. This If a bulk storage tank has been refilled or moved
causes water to accumulate in fuel tanks. Draining recently, allow adequate time for the sediment to
the fuel tank regularly and obtaining fuel from reliable settle before filling the engine fuel tank. Internal
sources can help to eliminate water in the fuel. baffles in the bulk storage tank will also help trap
sediment. Filtering fuel that is pumped from the
storage tank helps to ensure the quality of the fuel.
Drain the Water and the Sediment When possible, water separators should be used.
Fuel tanks should contain some provision for draining
water and draining sediment from the bottom of the i03712080
fuel tanks.
Heat Exchanger - Inspect
Open the drain valve on the bottom of the fuel tank
in order to drain the water and the sediment. Close SMCS Code: 1379-040
the drain valve.
• Weekly
• Oil change
• Refill of the tank
100 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Heat Exchanger - Inspect
Cleaning Procedure
NOTICE
Care must be taken to ensure that fluids are contained Removal and Disassembly of the Heat
during performance of inspection, maintenance, test- Exchanger
ing, adjusting and repair of the product. Be prepared to
collect the fluid with suitable containers before open- Drain the heat exchanger. Refer to the Disassembly
ing any compartment or disassembling any compo- and Assembly Manual, “Heat Exchanger - Remove”
nent containing fluids. for the removal procedure.
Refer to Special Publication, NENG2500, “Caterpillar Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
Dealer Service Tool Catalog” or refer to Special Pub- “Heat Exchanger - Disassemble” for the disassembly
lication, PECJ0003, “Caterpillar Shop Supplies and procedure. Keep the plates in order..
Tools Catalog” for tools and supplies suitable to col-
lect and contain fluids on Caterpillar products.
Cleaning the Heat Exchanger
Dispose of all fluids according to local regulations and
mandates. Refer to “Choosing the Correct Cleaning Fluid” for
the correct cleaning fluid for your heat exchanger.
Clean the plates with a cleaning solution and a soft
The interval for the maintenance of the plate type heat brush. Pressurized water may also be used. Do not
exchanger depends on the operating environment of use steel wool or a wire brush, which may scratch the
the vessel and on the operating time. The sea water plate. Any iron scratches on the plates can lead to
that is circulated through the heat exchanger and the corrosion of the plates. Rinse the plates with water.
amount of operating time of the vessel affects the
following items: Choosing the Correct Cleaning Fluid
• Cleanliness of the heat exchanger plates Refer to 22 for the correct cleaning fluid for the heat
exchanger.
• Effectiveness of the heat exchanger system
Operating in water that contains the following will
adversely affect the heat exchanger system: silt,
sediment, salt, and algae. In addition, intermittent use
of the vessel will adversely affect the heat exchanger
system.
Table 22 i02121526
Corrosion Inspect all hoses for leaks that are caused by the
products Nitric acid following conditions:
Metal oxides Sulfamic acid
Sediment(5)
Silt
Diatomic
Citric acid • Cracking
Phosphoric acid
organisms Complexing
agents
• Softness
Seaweed
Chips of wood Sodium
polyphosphates • Loose clamps
Gross fouling and fibers
Mussels Replace hoses that are cracked or soft. Tighten any
Barnacles
loose clamps.
Bacteria
Biological growth Nematodes
NOTICE
Protozoa
Do not bend or strike high pressure lines. Do not in-
Oily films
Paraffinic or stall bent or damaged lines, tubes or hoses. Repair
Naphtha based any loose or damaged fuel and oil lines, tubes and
Residue Asphalt
solvent such as hoses. Leaks can cause fires. Inspect all lines, tubes
Fats
Kerosene.(6)(7) and hoses carefully. Tighten all connections to the rec-
(1) Cleaners should be mixed at a maximum concentration of 4 ommended torque.
percent by weight. The temperature of the cleaning solution
should be less than 60 °C (140 °F).
(2) Do not use water that contains more than 300 ppm of chlorine Check for the following conditions:
in the preparation of cleaning solutions.
(3) Do not use hydrochloric acid to clean stainless steel plates. Do
not use hydrofluoric acid to clean titanium plates.
• End fittings that are damaged or leaking
(4) Do not use a type of ketone such as acetone and
methyletyketone. Do not use aromatics such as benzene • Outer covering that is chafed or cut
and toluene. Do not use esters such as ethylacetate and
butylacetate. Do not use halogenated hydrocarbons such as • Exposed wire that is used for reinforcement
chlorothene and carbon tetrachloride.
(5) The addition of surfactants to the cleaning solution may ease
cleaning.
• Outer covering that is ballooning locally
(6) Do not mix the solvent with water for cleaning. Dry the plates
with a cloth or rinse the plates with water. • Flexible part of the hose that is kinked or crushed
(7) Gaskets that are made from natural rubber, butyl rubber and
EPDM rubber will swell in these solvents. Do not allow the • Armoring that is embedded in the outer covering
solvent to contact the gasket more than half an hour.
A constant torque hose clamp can be used in place
Assembly and Installation of the Heat of any standard hose clamp. Ensure that the constant
Exchanger torque hose clamp is the same size as the standard
clamp.
Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
“Heat Exchanger - Assemble” for the assembly Due to extreme temperature changes, the hose will
procedure. heat set. Heat setting causes hose clamps to loosen.
This can result in leaks. A constant torque hose
Refer to the Disassembly and Assembly Manual, clamp will help to prevent loose hose clamps.
“Heat Exchanger - Install” for the installation
procedure. Each installation application can be different. The
differences depend on the following factors:
• Type of hose
• Type of fitting material
• Anticipated expansion and contraction of the hose
102 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Recommendations
9. Clean the cooling system filler cap. Inspect the Other factors must also be considered for determining
cooling system filler cap's gaskets. Replace a major overhaul:
the cooling system filler cap if the gaskets are
damaged. Install the cooling system filler cap. • The total amount of fuel consumption
10. Start the engine. Inspect the cooling system for • The service hours of the engine
leaks.
• An increase of oil consumption
• An increase of crankcase blowby
• The wear metal analysis of the lube oil
• An increase in the levels of noise and vibration
An increase of wear metals in the lube oil indicates
that the bearings and the surfaces that wear may
need to be serviced. An increase in the levels of
noise and vibration indicates that rotating parts
require service.
SEBU7908-09 103
Maintenance Section
Maintenance Recommendations
Table 23
Overhaul Intervals
Top End Overhaul Fuel Consumption 454250 L (120000 US gal)
Major Overhaul Fuel Consumption 757100 L (200000 US gal)
The oil consumption rate (brake specific oil • The best cost/value relationship per hour of
consumption) is measured in grams per kW/h (lb per extended life can be attained.
bhp). The brake specific oil consumption (BSOC)
depends on the engine load. Consult your Caterpillar After Failure Overhaul
dealer for assistance in determining the typical oil
consumption rate for your engine. If a major engine failure occurs and the engine
must be removed, many options are available. An
When an engine's oil consumption has risen to overhaul should be performed if the engine block or
three times the original oil consumption rate due the crankshaft needs to be repaired.
to normal wear, an engine overhaul should be
scheduled. There may be a corresponding increase If the engine block is repairable and/or the crankshaft
in blowby and a slight increase in fuel consumption. is repairable, the overhaul cost should be between 40
percent and 50 percent of the cost of a new engine
with a similar exchange core.
Note: See this Operation and Maintenance Manual, • Use of recommended lubricants
“Cold Weather Operation” topic (Operation Section),
or see Supplement, SEBU5898, “Cold Weather • Use of recommended coolants
Recommendations”.
• Use of recommended fuels
Cleanliness
• Proper installation
Unless the equipment is cleaned regularly, extended
operation in a dirty environment and in a dusty • Operating conditions
environment can damage components. Built up mud,
dirt, and dust can encase components. This can • Operation within acceptable limits
make maintenance difficult. The buildup can contain
corrosive chemicals. Corrosive chemicals and salt • Engine load
can damage some components.
• Engine speed
Improper Operating Procedures
• Use of S·O·S Services Fluids Analyses
• Extended operation at low idle Generally, engines that are operated at a reduced
load and/or speed achieve more service life before
• Minimum cool down periods after high load factor an overhaul. However, this is for engines that are
operation
properly operated and maintained.
• Operating the engine beyond the guidelines for the Other factors must also be considered for determining
engine rating
a major overhaul:
• Operating the engine at loads that are greater than • The total amount of fuel consumption
the rated load
• The service hours of the engine
• Operating the engine at speeds that are greater
than the rated speed
• An increase of oil consumption
• Use of the engine for an application that is not • An increase of crankcase blowby
approved
• The wear metal analysis of the lube oil
Improper Maintenance Practices
• An increase in the levels of noise and vibration
• Extension of maintenance intervals
An increase of wear metals in the lube oil indicates
• Not using recommended fuel, lubricants, and that the bearings and the surfaces that wear may
coolant need to be serviced. An increase in the levels of
noise and vibration indicates that rotating parts
i03718161
require service.
For more information, refer to Special Publication, The following factors can contribute to severe
SEBU6251, “Caterpillar Commercial Diesel Engine operation: environment, improper operating
Fluids Recommendations” or contact your Caterpillar procedures, and improper maintenance practices.
dealer.
Extreme Ambient Temperatures
Engine Components
Extended operation in environments that are
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, extremely cold or hot can damage components. Valve
“Overhaul (Top End)” for a list of components which components can be damaged by carbon buildup if
are affected by a top end overhaul. Refer to this the engine is frequently started and stopped in very
Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Overhaul cold temperatures. Extremely hot inlet air reduces
(Major)” for a list of components which are affected the performance capabilities of the engine.
by a major overhaul.
Note: See this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
“Cold Weather Operation” topic (Operation Section),
Severe Service Application or see Supplement, SEBU5898, “Cold Weather
Recommendations”.
Severe service operation can accelerate component
wear. An engine which operates in a severe service
application may need more frequent maintenance Cleanliness
intervals for the following reasons:
Unless the equipment is cleaned regularly, extended
• Maximum reliability operation in a dirty environment and in a dusty
environment can damage components. Built up mud,
• Retention of full service life dirt, and dust can encase components. This can
make maintenance difficult. The buildup can contain
A severe service application is an application which corrosive chemicals. Corrosive chemicals and salt
exceeds the current published standards for that can damage some components.
engine. Caterpillar maintains standards for the
following engine parameters: Improper Operating Procedures
• Horsepower • Extended operation at low idle
• Range of rpm • Minimum cool down periods after high load factor
operation
• Fuel consumption
• Operating the engine beyond the guidelines for the
• Fuel quality engine rating
i03756788
This procedure should only be performed on engines The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes
which are rated “E”. Perform this maintenance must be reduced to 205 kPa (30 psi) when the air
procedure together with the top end overhaul. nozzle is deadheaded.
Clean the Oil Cooler Core 6. Dry the core with compressed air. Direct the air in
the reverse direction of the normal flow.
Remove the core. Refer to the Disassembly and
Assembly Manual, “Oil Cooler - Remove” for the Test the Oil Cooler Core
procedure.
1. Inspect the core for trapped debris and
1. Turn the oil cooler core on one side in order cleanliness. If necessary, remove the debris and
to remove debris. Remove the debris that is repeat the cleaning procedure.
accessible.
2. Inspect the core for damage and perform a
NOTICE pressure test in order to detect leaks. Many shops
Do not use a high concentration of caustic cleaner to that service radiators are equipped to perform
clean the core. A high concentration of caustic cleaner pressure tests.
can attack the internal metals of the core and cause
leakage. Only use the recommended concentration of 3. Plug both ends of the oil cooler core and
cleaner. pressurize the core to 205 kPa (30 psi). Submerge
the core in water. Look for bubbles which are
2. Back flush the core with cleaner. being emitted from the core. The bubbles are
evidence of leaks.
Caterpillar recommends the use of Hydrosolv
liquid cleaner. Table 25 lists Hydrosolv liquid 4. If any leaks are found, do not attempt to repair the
cleaners that are available from your Caterpillar core.
dealer.
Install a core that is clean and a core that passes the
Table 25 pressure test in step 3. Refer to the Disassembly
and Assembly Manual, “Oil Cooler - Install” for the
Hydrosolv Liquid Cleaners(1) procedure.
Part
Description Size For more information on cleaning the core, consult
Number
your Caterpillar dealer.
1U-5490 Hydrosolv 4165 19 L (5 US gallon)
174-6854 Hydrosolv 100 19 L (5 US gallon)
i03753448
(1) Use a two to five percent concentration of the cleaner
at temperatures up to 93°C (200°F). Refer to Application
Guide, NEHS0526 or consult your Caterpillar dealer for more
Overhaul (Major)
information.
SMCS Code: 7595-020-MJ
3. Steam clean the core in order to remove any
Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual,
residue. Flush the fins of the oil cooler core.
“Maintenance Recommendations” in order to
Remove any other trapped debris from the inside
determine the maintenance interval for a major
and from the outside of the core.
overhaul.
4. Wash the core with hot, soapy water.
The need for a major overhaul is determined by
several factors.
5. Flush the core thoroughly in order to remove
residue and remaining debris. Flush the core with
clean, fresh water until the water that is exiting the • An increase of oil consumption
core is clear and free of debris.
• An increase of crankcase blowby
SEBU7908-09 109
Maintenance Section
Overhaul (Major)
Note: The driven equipment may also require service Inspection, Reconditioning or
when the engine is overhauled. Refer to the literature
that is provided by the OEM of the driven equipment.
Exchanging of Components
Inspect the following components according to
A major overhaul includes all of the work that is done
the instructions that are in Caterpillar reusability
for the top end overhaul. A major overhaul includes
publications. Refer to Guidelines for Reusable
additional parts and labor. Additional parts and labor Parts and Salvage Operations, SEBF8029, “Index
are required in order to completely rebuild the engine.
of Publications on Reusability or Salvage of Used
Parts”.
For the major overhaul, all of the bearings,
seals, gaskets, and components that wear are
Recondition the worn components or exchange the
disassembled. The parts are cleaned and inspected.
components, if necessary. Your Caterpillar dealer can
If necessary, the parts are replaced. The crankshaft provide these services and components.
is measured for wear. The crankshaft may require
regrinding. Alternatively, the crankshaft may be
replaced with a Caterpillar replacement part. • Camshaft followers
Your Caterpillar dealer can provide these services • Camshaft thrust washers
and components. Your Caterpillar dealer can ensure
that the components are operating within the • Connecting rods
appropriate specifications.
• Crankshaft vibration damper
Replacement of Components • Cylinder head assembly
Replace the following components during the major • Cylinder liners
overhaul:
• Engine mounts
• Aftercooler core
• Scavenge oil pump
• Camshaft bearings
• Engine wiring harness
• Connecting rod bearings
• Exhaust manifold seals
• Crankshaft seals
• Exhaust manifold bellows
• Crankshaft thrust washers
• Fuel pressure regulating valve
110 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Overhaul (Major)
For example, considerable deposits are found in the Your Caterpillar dealer can provide these services
water jacket areas on the external cooling system, and components. Your Caterpillar dealer can ensure
but the concentrations of coolant additives were that the components are operating within the
carefully maintained. The coolant water probably appropriate specifications.
contained minerals which were deposited on the
engine over time. The following definitions explain the terminology for
the services that are performed during an overhaul:
A coolant analysis can be conducted in order to verify
the condition of the water that is being used in the Inspect – Inspect the components according to
cooling system. A full water analysis may be obtained the instructions that are in Caterpillar reusability
from the following sources: publications. Refer to Guidelines for Reusable
Parts and Salvage Operations, SEBF8029, “Index
• Caterpillar dealer of Publications on Reusability or Salvage of Used
Parts”. The guidelines were developed in order to
• Local water utility company help Caterpillar dealers and customers to avoid
unnecessary expenditures. New parts are not
• Agricultural agent required if the existing parts can still be used,
reconditioned, or repaired. If the components are
• Independent laboratory not in the reusability guidelines, refer to the Service
Manual, “Specifications” module.
Caterpillar recommends an S·O·S coolant analysis
(Level II). This is a comprehensive chemical Rebuild – The component is reconditioned in order
evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is also a to comply with reusability guidelines.
check of the overall condition of the inside of the
cooling system. The following services are provided: Replace – The service life of the part is exhausted.
The part may fail before the next maintenance
• Full Level I analysis interval. The part must be replaced with a part that
meets functional specifications. The replacement
• Identification of the source of metal corrosion and part may be a new part, a CAT remanufactured part,
of contaminants a rebuilt part, or a used part. Some worn components
may be exchanged with your Caterpillar dealer for a
• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause credit on replacement parts. Consult your Caterpillar
corrosion dealer about repair options for your engine.
• Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause If you elect to perform an overhaul without the
scaling services of a Caterpillar dealer, be aware of the
recommendations in Table 26.
• Determination of possible electrolysis within the
engines' cooling system Table 26
Recommendations for Top End Overhauls (1)
A report of the results of the analysis is provided.
Maintenance recommendations are based on the Service Top End Overhaul
results. Inspect Cylinder head assemblies
Rebuild
For more information about S·O·S coolant analysis, Replace Valves
consult your Caterpillar dealer.
Rocker arms
Inspect
Valve bridges
i03714880 Replace
Fuel Injectors
Overhaul (Top End) Clean/Test Oil cooler core(2)
(Engines Which are Rated “E”) Aftercooler core (Fresh water or
treated water system)(3)
SMCS Code: 7595-020-TE Replace Cylinder head gaskets
Aftercooler core (salt water system)
A top end overhaul involves the removal, the
(1) For instructions on removal and installation of components,
inspection, and the rework of the cylinder head
see the Service Manual, “Disassembly and Assembly” module.
components. A few additional components are (2) Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Oil Cooler
replaced and serviced. Core - Check/Clean/Test” for the procedure.
(3) Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Aftercooler
Core - Clean/Test” for the procedure.
112 SEBU7908-09
Maintenance Section
Sea Water Strainer - Clean/Inspect
NOTICE
Turbocharger bearing failures can cause large quan-
tities of oil to enter the air inlet and exhaust systems.
Loss of engine lubricant can result in serious engine
Illustration 46
g00752040 damage.
2. Remove the hose clamp (2) on each side of the Minor leakage of a turbocharger housing under ex-
sea water strainer. Remove the sea water strainer tended low idle operation should not cause problems
(1). as long as a turbocharger bearing failure has not oc-
curred.
3. Use clean water to clean the sea water strainer
(1). Remove any dirt and debris. If there is debris When a turbocharger bearing failure is accompanied
from the impeller, the impeller may need to be by a significant engine performance loss (exhaust
replaced. Refer to Operation and Maintenance smoke or engine rpm up at no load), do not continue
Manual, “Auxiliary Water Pump (Rubber Impeller) engine operation until the turbocharger is repaired or
- Inspect” for replacement information. replaced.
4. Install the sea water strainer (1). Install the hose An inspection of the turbocharger can minimize
and each hose clamp (2). unscheduled downtime. An inspection of the
turbocharger can also reduce the chance for potential
5. Open the valve for the sea water. damage to other engine parts.
• Inspect the lubrication system for leaks at the front A failed water pump might cause severe engine
crankshaft seal, the rear crankshaft seal, the oil overheating problems that could result in cracks in
pan, the oil filters and the valve cover. the cylinder head, a piston seizure or other potential
damage to the engine.
• Inspect the fuel system for leaks. Inspect the hose
that goes from the unit injector hydraulic pump to Visually inspect the water pump for leaks. If leaking
the left side fluid manifold. of the water pump seals is observed, replace all of
the water pump seals. Refer to two articles in the
• Inspect the piping for the air inlet system and the Disassembly and Assembly Manual, “Water Pump
elbows for cracks and for loose clamps. - Disassemble and Water Pump - Assemble” for
the disassembly and assembly procedure. If it is
• Inspect the alternator belt and the accessory drive necessary to remove the water pump, refer to two
belts for cracks, breaks or other damage. articles in the Disassembly and Assembly Manual,
“Water Pump - Remove and Water Pump - Install”.
Belts for multiple groove pulleys must be replaced as
matched sets. If only one belt is replaced, the belt will Inspect the water pump for wear, cracks, pin holes
carry more load than the belts that are not replaced. and proper operation. Refer to the Parts Manual
The older belts are stretched. The additional load on for the correct part numbers for your engine or
the new belt could cause the belt to break. consult your Caterpillar dealer if repair is needed or
replacement is needed.
• Drain the water and the sediment from fuel tanks
on a daily basis in order to ensure that only clean
i01040881
fuel enters the fuel system.
Zinc Rods - Inspect/Replace
• Inspect the wiring and the wiring harnesses for
loose connections and for worn wires or frayed SMCS Code: 1388-040; 1388-510
wires.
Corrosion in sea water circuits can result in premature
• Inspect the ground strap for a good connection and deterioration of system components, leaks, and
for good condition. possible cooling system contamination. A lack of zinc
rods in the sea water system can cause corrosion in
• Inspect the ECM ground strap for a good the sea water cooling system.
connection and for good condition.
Zinc rods are inserted in the sea water cooling
• Disconnect any battery chargers that are not system of the engine in order to help prevent the
protected against the current drain of the starting corrosive action of salt water. The reaction of the zinc
motor. Check the condition and the electrolyte level to the sea water causes the zinc rods to deteriorate.
of the batteries, unless the engine is equipped with The zinc rods deteriorate instead of engine parts
a maintenance free battery. for the cooling system that are more critical. Rapid
deterioration of zinc rods may indicate the presence
• Check the condition of the gauges. Replace any of uncontrolled electrical currents from improperly
gauges which are cracked. Replace any gauges installed electrical attachments or improperly
that can not be calibrated. grounded electrical attachments.
g00104048
Illustration 47
g00104049
Illustration 48
1. Unscrew the old zinc rod or drill the old zinc rod
from the plug. Clean the plug.