Abstract. The present chapter describes active and reactive power con-
trol for distributed generation and storage systems connected to the grid
by means of voltage source converters. Renewable generation and storage
systems connected to a three-phase three-wire grid are considered. The dif-
ferent system components are described and modelled. The overall active
and reactive power control scheme based on the instantaneous power theory
is described. The fundamental necessary control blocks are detailed including
the phase locked loop, current controllers, current references calculation and
DC bus voltage controllers. Simulations results are provided to exemplify the
described control approach.
1 Introduction
The need for more reliable and flexible power systems along with the great
potential of modern control and communication systems and power electron-
ics, has led to development of the smart grid concept [1]. Modern grids will
be required to be active and to adapt to a number of fault events ensuring
the system optimum performance during and after faults occur. Furthermore,
modern grids will have to integrate the increasing penetration of renewable
energy of intermittent nature.
Power electronics are the enabling technology to convert classical power
systems into smart grids, since they allow controlling the power flows and
Agustı́ Egea-Alvarez · Adrià Junyent-Ferré · Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionaments
(CITCEA-UPC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya UPC, Av. Diagonal, 647,
Pl. 2. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
e-mail: {agusti.egea,adria.junyent,gomis}@citcea.upc.edu
Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
IREC Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Barcelona, Spain
e-mail: ogomis@irec.cat
L. Wang (Ed.): Modeling and Control, Green Energy and Technology, pp. 47–81.
springerlink.com
c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
48 A. Egea-Alvarez, A. Junyent-Ferré, and O. Gomis-Bellmunt
ELECTRICAL
STORAGE
VEHICLE UTILITY
DC DC
AC AC
MICROGRID
AC AC
DC DC
DC
AC ELECTRICAL THERMAL
DEMAND DEMAND
GAS COGENE
PHOTO- μTURBINE RATION
VOLTAIC
THERMAL
ENERGY