HYDRONIC SYSTEM

Piping materials
Pipe is the passage of material from one place
to another
Pipe materials are generally
• Mild steel ( M S )
• Carbon steel ( C S )
• Stainless steel ( S S )
• Galvanized iron ( G I )
• Copper pipe
 Piping classes for materials
1. Piping classes for mild steel & Galvanized iron
 Class A
colour : yellow
width : 1.8 mm to 3.65 mm
Dia : up to 4 inch
 Class B
colour : Blue
width : 2 mm to 4.85mm
Dia : up to 6 inch
 Class B
colour : Red
width : 2.65 mm to 5.4mm
Dia : up to 24 inch
2. Piping classes for mild Carbon Steel
 Schedule - SCH 40 – 1.73mm to 5.56mm
 Schedule - SCH 60 – 6mm to 7.5mm
 Schedule - SCH 80 –2.41mm to 12.70mm
3. Piping classes for mild Stainless Steel
 class 304
 Class 316
Classification of Piping system
Piping system

Once through piping Recalculating piping

system system

Chilled water piping Refrigerant piping

Open piping Closed piping

•Once through piping
The water in the piping system passes through the
equipment only once and Is discharged
Example: piping between makeup tank to Cooling tower
•Recirculation piping
The water in the piping system is not discharged , but flows in a repeating
circuit it from the heat exchange to the refrigeration equipment and back to
heat exchange
recalculating system further divided in to two types
Open piping system
The open system is one which the water flows into reservoirs opens to
atmosphere
Example: piping between AHU to Cooling tower
Close piping system
The close system is one in which is not exposed to the atmosphere at any
point
Example: piping between chiller to cooling tower
 Pipe fittings
These are the connections from one pipe to another. These
are three types
Flanges
Elbow
Reducers & Tee Fittings
Different types of valves used in the piping system

Gate valve butterfly valve Non return valve

Globe valve balancing valve Strainer

Symbols used in piping
Pipe sizing
 Pipe sizing

Volume velocity
Duct Sizing CFM FPM
Pipe sizing GPM FPS

GPM (gallons per minute ) FPM( Feet's per second )

service velocity range ( FPS )
pump discharge 8-12

Open pump suction 4-7

GPM = TR X 3.0
piping Drain line 4-7
GPM
Closed GPM = TR X 2.4
piping Header 4-15
Raiser 3-10
General Service 5-10
City water 3-7
Pipe sizing for closed piping system
Pipe size for section A to C
A to C is suction side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 2.4
Gpm = 480
Fps for suction is 4-7 ̴ 6

Pipe size for section D to E

D to E1 is discharge side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 2.4
Gpm = 480
Fps for Discharge is 8-12 ̴ 10
Pipe size for section A to C
A to C is suction side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 2.4
Gpm = 480 ̴ 500 ( Rounded )
Fps for suction is 4-7 ̴ 6

Pipe Size = 6 Inch.

Friction loss = 2 Ft of water per 100 Ft
Pipe size for section D to E
D to E is discharge side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 2.4
Gpm = 480 ̴ 500
Fps for Discharge is 8-12 ̴ 10

Pipe Size = 5 Inch.

Friction loss = 8 Ft of water per 100 Ft
Pipe size for section E to G
E to G is discharge side of pump
TR = 100
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 100 X 2.4
Gpm = 240
Fps for Discharge 8 -12 ̴ 10
Pipe size for section E to G
E to E1 is discharge side of pump
TR = 100
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 100 X 2.4
Gpm = 240
Fps for Discharge 8 -12 ̴ 10

Pipe Size = 4 Inch.

Friction loss = 4 Ft of water per 100 Ft
Pipe sizing for open piping system

Pipe size for section A to B Pipe size for section C to D

A to B is Suction side of pump C to D is discharge side of pump
TR = 200 TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 3.0 Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 3.0 Gpm = 200 X 3.0
Gpm = 600 Gpm = 600
Fps for Suction is 4-7 ̴ 6 Fps for Discharge is 8-12 ̴ 10
Pipe size for section A to B
A to B is Suction side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 3.0
Gpm = 200 X 3.0
Gpm = 600
Fps for Suction is 4-7 ̴ 6
Pipe Size = 6 Inch.
Friction loss = 3 Ft of water per 100 Ft
Pipe size for section C to D
C to D is discharge side of pump
TR = 200
Gpm = TR X 2.4
Gpm = 200 X 3.0
Gpm = 600
Fps for Discharge is 8-12 ̴ 10
Pipe Size = 5 Inch.
Friction loss = 3 Ft of water per 100 Ft
Pump Head Loss calculations
 Total Dynamic Head Loss
( T.D.H.L)

Total Suctional Head Loss Total Discharge Head Loss

(T.S.H) (T.D.H)

T.D.H.L = T.S.H + T.D.H

 Friction
Eqilent Total Head Loss=
Pipe US Velocity Pipe Dia Value Length-A
Sr. No Length-B Length ( Friction Value*Total
Description GPM (FPS) (Inch) (Feet/100 (Feet)
(Feet) TL=A+B Length)/100 (in Feet)
Feet)
Piping Double Line Diagram
Valve losses in Fittings
 Suction Head Loss in Section A to C

Friction Head Loss=

Eqilent Total
Sr. US Velocity Pipe Dia Value Length- ( Friction Value*Total
Pipe Description Length- Length
No GPM (FPS) (Inch) (Feet/10 A (Feet) Length)/100 (in
B (Feet) TL=A+B
0 Feet) Feet)
1 Pipe A-B 480 6 6 2 17 0 17 0.34
2 Pipe B-C 480 6 6 2 6 0 6 0.12
3 Gate valve 480 6 6 2 0 7 7 0.14
4 Globe valve 480 6 6 2 0 170 170 3.4
5 Gate valve 480 6 6 2 0 7 7 0.14
6 strainer 480 6 6 2 0 110 110 2.2
7 Elbow 480 6 6 2 0 10 10 0.2

Total Suctional Head loss = 6.54 In.wc

 Friction Head Loss=
Eqilent Total
Sr. US Velocity Pipe Dia Value Length- ( Friction Value*Total
Pipe Description Length- Length
No GPM (FPS) (Inch) (Feet/10 A (Feet) Length)/100 (in
B (Feet) TL=A+B
0 Feet) Feet)
1 Pipe D-E 480 10 5 8 25 0 25 2
2 Pipe E-E1 240 10 4 4 15 0 15 0.6
3 Pipe E-F 240 10 4 4 30 0 30 1.2
4 Pipe F-G 240 10 4 4 15 0 15 0.6
5 Gate valve 480 10 5 8 0 6 6 0.48
6 NRV 480 10 5 8 0 50 50 4
7 Gate valve 240 10 4 4 0 4.5 4.5 0.18
8 Gate Valve 240 10 4 4 0 4.5 4.5 0.18
9 Elbow 480 10 5 8 0 8.2 8.2 0.65
10 Elbow 240 10 4 4 0 6.7 6.7 0.26

Total Discharge Head loss = 15.55 In. wc

 Pump capacity
GPM X TDHL X SP Gravity of secondary refrigerant
Pump Capacity (HP) =
3960 x ɳ pump

T.D.H.L = T.S.H + T.D.H

= 6.54 + 15.55
= 22.09
GPM = 480
Specific gravity of secondary refrigerant
water = 1
Brine = 1.2
Ethanol = 1.3
Here we are choosing water
Efficacy (ɳ) of pump is 65% to 85% = 75%= 75/100=0.75

480 X 22.09 X 1
Pump Capacity (HP) =
3960 x 0.75

Pump Capacity (HP) = 3.57HP