Anesthesiology

Subject : Anesthesiology
The Practice of Anesthesiology
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Equipment and Monitors

The Operating Room Environment
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)

Breathing Systems
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
 4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)

The Anesthesia Machine

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular Monitoring
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
 9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
Non cardiovascular Monitoring
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
 37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)

Clinical Pharmacology
Pharmacological Principles
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
 50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)

Intravenous Anesthetics
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
 4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
 (click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)

Analgesic Agents
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
 80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)

Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Other Pharmacologic Antagonists to

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)

Anticholinergic Drugs
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
 here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
 Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
 79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)

Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
 3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
 (click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
 74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)

Hypotensive Agents
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)

Local Anesthetics
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
 89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)

Adjuncts to Anesthesia
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
 89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Management
Preoperative Assessment and Premedication Perioperative
Documentation
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
 72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)

Anesthetic Management Airway Management

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
 83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)

Cardiovascular Physiology and Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
 82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
 here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
 71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Cardiovascular Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
 96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)

Respiratory Physiology and Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
 here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
 71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Disease

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
 70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
 here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
 94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
Neurophysiology and Anesthesia
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
 72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Neurosurgery

 1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
 73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Neurologic and Psychiatric Diseases

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
 69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)

Renal Physiology Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
 83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
 (click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
 here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
 91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
 (click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Genitourinary Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
 Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)

Hepatic Physiology Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Liver Disease

 1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
 73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
 Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Endocrine Disease

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
 88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
 (click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
 92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
 91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
 (click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Otorhinolaryngologic Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery

 1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
 73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
 Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)

Anesthesia for Trauma and Emergency Surgery

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
 Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)

Maternal and Fetal Physiology and Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
 Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)

Obstetric Anesthesia
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
 92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)

Pediatric Anesthesia
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
 2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
 (click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)

Geriatric Anesthesia
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
 here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
 84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
 Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
 Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)

Ambulatory Non operating Room and Office Based Anesthesia

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
 Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management

Spinal Epidural Caudal Blocks
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
 90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)
459. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
460. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click
here)
461. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
462. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
463. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click
here)
464. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer
(click here)
465. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
466. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
467. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
468. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
469. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
470. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
471. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
472. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
473. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
474. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
475. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
476. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately
Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
477. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer
 (click here)
478. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)

Peripheral Nerve Blocks

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
 70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
 here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
 here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)
459. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
460. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click
here)
461. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
462. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
463. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click
here)
464. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer
(click here)
465. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
466. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
467. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
468. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
469. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
470. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
471. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
472. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
473. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
474. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
475. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
476. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately
Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
477. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer
(click here)
478. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)
479. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection - Answer (click here)
480. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications - Answer (click here)
481. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic - Answer (click here)
482. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation - Answer (click here)
483. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques - Answer (click here)
484. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy -
Answer (click here)
485. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block - Answer
(click here)
486. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block -
Answer (click here)
487. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block - Answer
 (click here)
488. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block - Answer (click
here)
489. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal
Nerves - Answer (click here)
490. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional
Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
491. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus
Anatomy - Answer (click here)
492. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
493. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
494. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
495. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus
(Psoas Compartment) Block - Answer (click here)
496. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
497. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block - Answer
(click here)
498. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block - Answer (click
here)
499. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
- Answer (click here)
500. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block - Answer (click
here)
501. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block - Answer (click
here)
502. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane
Block - Answer (click here)

Chronic Pain Management

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
 9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
 78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
 here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)
459. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
460. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click
here)
461. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
462. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
463. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click
here)
464. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer
(click here)
465. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
466. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
467. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
468. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
469. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
470. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
471. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
472. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
473. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
474. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
475. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
476. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately
Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
477. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer
(click here)
478. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)
479. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection - Answer (click here)
480. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications - Answer (click here)
481. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic - Answer (click here)
482. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation - Answer (click here)
483. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques - Answer (click here)
484. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy -
Answer (click here)
485. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block - Answer
(click here)
486. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block -
Answer (click here)
487. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block - Answer
(click here)
488. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block - Answer (click
here)
489. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal
Nerves - Answer (click here)
490. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional
Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
491. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus
Anatomy - Answer (click here)
492. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
493. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
494. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block -
 Answer (click here)
495. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus
(Psoas Compartment) Block - Answer (click here)
496. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
497. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block - Answer
(click here)
498. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block - Answer (click
here)
499. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
- Answer (click here)
500. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block - Answer (click
here)
501. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block - Answer (click
here)
502. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane
Block - Answer (click here)
503. Anesthesia: Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
504. Definitions & Classification of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
505. Pain Pathways - Answer (click here)
506. Physiology of Nociception - Answer (click here)
507. Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
508. Systemic Responses to Pain - Answer (click here)
509. Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
510. Entrapment Syndromes - Answer (click here)
511. Myofascial Pain - Answer (click here)
512. Fibromyalgia - Answer (click here)
513. Low Back Pain & Related Syndromes - Answer (click here)
514. Neuropathic Pain - Answer (click here)
515. Acute Herpes Zoster & Postherpetic Neuralgia - Chronic Pain
Management - Answer (click here)
516. Headache - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
517. Abdominal Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
518. Cancer Related Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
519. Interventional Therapies: Pharmacological Interventions - Answer (click
here)
520. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Blocks - Answer (click here)
521. Trigeminal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
522. Facial Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
523. Glossopharyngeal Block - Answer (click here)
524. Occipital Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
525. Suprascapular Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
526. Cervical Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
527. Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
528. Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
529. Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks - Answer (click here)
530. Trans-Sacral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
531. Pudendal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
532. Sympathetic Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
533. Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Block - Answer (click here)
534. Splanchnic Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
535. Celiac Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
536. Lumbar Sympathetic Block - Answer (click here)
537. Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
538. Ganglion Impar Block - Answer (click here)
539. Intravenous Regional Block - Answer (click here)
540. Epidural Injections - Answer (click here)
541. Radio frequency Ablation & Cryoneurolysis - Answer (click here)
542. Chemical Neurolysis - Answer (click here)
543. Differential Neural Blockade - Answer (click here)
544. Neuromodulation - Answer (click here)
545. Vertebral Augmentation - Answer (click here)
546. Multidisciplinary Treatment - Answer (click here)

Perioperative Pain Management Enhanced Outcomes

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
 Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
 here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
 Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
 (click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)
459. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
460. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click
here)
461. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
462. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
463. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click
here)
464. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer
(click here)
465. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
466. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
467. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
468. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
469. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
470. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
471. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
472. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
473. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
474. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
475. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
476. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately
Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
477. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer
(click here)
478. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)
479. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection - Answer (click here)
480. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications - Answer (click here)
481. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic - Answer (click here)
482. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation - Answer (click here)
483. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques - Answer (click here)
484. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy -
Answer (click here)
485. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block - Answer
(click here)
486. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block -
Answer (click here)
487. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block - Answer
(click here)
488. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block - Answer (click
here)
489. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal
Nerves - Answer (click here)
490. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional
Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
491. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus
Anatomy - Answer (click here)
492. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
493. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
494. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
495. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus
(Psoas Compartment) Block - Answer (click here)
496. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
497. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block - Answer
(click here)
498. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block - Answer (click
 here)
499. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
- Answer (click here)
500. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block - Answer (click
here)
501. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block - Answer (click
here)
502. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane
Block - Answer (click here)
503. Anesthesia: Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
504. Definitions & Classification of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
505. Pain Pathways - Answer (click here)
506. Physiology of Nociception - Answer (click here)
507. Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
508. Systemic Responses to Pain - Answer (click here)
509. Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
510. Entrapment Syndromes - Answer (click here)
511. Myofascial Pain - Answer (click here)
512. Fibromyalgia - Answer (click here)
513. Low Back Pain & Related Syndromes - Answer (click here)
514. Neuropathic Pain - Answer (click here)
515. Acute Herpes Zoster & Postherpetic Neuralgia - Chronic Pain
Management - Answer (click here)
516. Headache - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
517. Abdominal Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
518. Cancer Related Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
519. Interventional Therapies: Pharmacological Interventions - Answer (click
here)
520. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Blocks - Answer (click here)
521. Trigeminal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
522. Facial Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
523. Glossopharyngeal Block - Answer (click here)
524. Occipital Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
525. Suprascapular Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
526. Cervical Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
527. Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
528. Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
529. Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks - Answer (click here)
530. Trans-Sacral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
531. Pudendal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
532. Sympathetic Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
533. Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Block - Answer (click here)
534. Splanchnic Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
535. Celiac Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
536. Lumbar Sympathetic Block - Answer (click here)
537. Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
538. Ganglion Impar Block - Answer (click here)
539. Intravenous Regional Block - Answer (click here)
540. Epidural Injections - Answer (click here)
541. Radio frequency Ablation & Cryoneurolysis - Answer (click here)
542. Chemical Neurolysis - Answer (click here)
543. Differential Neural Blockade - Answer (click here)
544. Neuromodulation - Answer (click here)
545. Vertebral Augmentation - Answer (click here)
546. Multidisciplinary Treatment - Answer (click here)
547. Evolution of Enhanced Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)
548. Anesthetic Management: Preoperative Period - Answer (click here)
549. Anesthetic Management: Intraoperative Period - Answer (click here)
550. Anesthetic Management: Postoperative Period - Answer (click here)
551. Anesthetic Management: Issues in the Implementation of Enhanced
Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)

Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine

Management of Patients with Fluid Electrolyte Disturbances
1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
 86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
 here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
 (click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284. Physiology of Brain Protection - Answer (click here)
285. Intracranial Hypertension - Answer (click here)
286. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Patients with Mass Lesions - Answer (click
here)
287. Anesthesia for Surgery in the Posterior Fossa - Answer (click here)
288. Anesthesia for Stereotactic Surgery - Answer (click here)
289. Anesthesia for Head Trauma - Answer (click here)
290. Anesthesia & Craniotomy for Intracranial Aneurysms & Arteriovenous
Malformations - Answer (click here)
291. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Spine - Answer (click here)
292. Anesthesia for Cerebrovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
293. Anesthesia for Seizure Disorders - Answer (click here)
294. Anesthesia for Parkinson Disease - Answer (click here)
295. Anesthesia for Alzheimer Disease - Answer (click here)
296. Anesthesia for Multiple Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
297. Anesthesia for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Answer (click here)
298. Anesthesia for Guillain Barre Syndrome - Answer (click here)
299. Anesthesia for Autonomic Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
300. Anesthesia for Syringomyelia - Answer (click here)
301. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
302. Anesthesia for Depression - Answer (click here)
303. Anesthesia for Bipolar Disease - Answer (click here)
304. Anesthesia for Schizophrenia - Answer (click here)
305. Anesthesia for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome - Answer (click here)
306. Anesthesia for Substance Abuse - Answer (click here)
307. Renal Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
308. Anesthesia: The Nephron - Answer (click here)
309. Anesthesia: The Renal Circulation - Answer (click here)
310. Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration - Answer (click here)
311. Effects of Anesthesia & Surgery on Renal Function - Answer (click here)
312. Anesthesia: Diuretics - Answer (click here)
313. Anesthesia: Osmotic Diuretics Mannitol - Answer (click here)
314. Anesthesia: Loop Diuretics - Answer (click here)
315. Anesthesia: Thiazide & Thiazide Like Diuretics - Answer (click here)
316. Anesthesia: Potassium Sparing Diuretics - Answer (click here)
317. Anesthesia: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
318. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Disease - Answer (click here)
319. Anesthesia for Evaluating Renal Function - Answer (click here)
320. Altered Renal Function the Effects of Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click
here)
321. Anesthesia for Patients with Kidney Failure - Answer (click here)
322. Anesthesia for Patients with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment -
Answer (click here)
323. Anesthesia for Cystoscopy - Answer (click here)
324. Anesthesia for Transurethral Resection of the Prostate - Answer (click here)
325. Anesthesia for Lithotripsy - Answer (click here)
326. Anesthesia for Noncancer Surgery of the Upper Ureter & Kidney -
Answer (click here)
327. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies - Answer (click here)
328. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Prostate Cancer -
Answer (click here)
329. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Bladder Cancer -
Answer (click here)
330. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Testicular Cancer -
Answer (click here)
331. Anesthesia: Surgery For Urological Malignancies: Renal Cancer - Answer
(click here)
332. Anesthesia for Renal Transplantation - Answer (click here)
333. Hepatic Physiology and Functional Anatomy - Answer (click here)
334. Liver Tests - Answer (click here)
335. Effect of Anesthesia on Hepatic Function - Answer (click here)
336. Anesthesia for Coagulation in Liver Disease - Answer (click here)
337. Anesthesia for Acute Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
338. Anesthesia for Chronic Hepatitis - Answer (click here)
339. Anesthesia for Cirrhosis - Answer (click here)
340. Anesthesia for Hepatic Surgery - Answer (click here)
341. Anesthesia for Special Situations - Answer (click here)
342. The Pancreas Physiology - Answer (click here)
343. Anesthesia for Diabetes Mellitus - Answer (click here)
344. The Thyroid Physiology - Answer (click here)
345. Anesthesia for Hyperthyroidism - Answer (click here)
346. Anesthesia for Hypothyroidism - Answer (click here)
347. The Parathyroid Glands Physiology - Answer (click here)
348. Anesthesia for Hyperparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
349. Anesthesia for Hypoparathyroidism - Answer (click here)
350. The Adrenal Gland Physiology - Answer (click here)
351. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
352. Anesthesia for Mineralocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
353. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Excess - Answer (click here)
354. Anesthesia for Glucocorticoid Deficiency - Answer (click here)
355. Anesthesia for Catecholamine Excess - Answer (click here)
356. Anesthesia for Obesity - Answer (click here)
357. Anesthesia for Carcinoid Syndrome - Answer (click here)
358. Anesthesia for Patients with Neuromuscular Disease - Answer (click here)
359. Anesthesia for Myasthenia Gravis - Answer (click here)
360. Anesthesia for Paraneoplastic Neuromu Scularsyndromes - Answer (click
here)
361. Anesthesia for Muscular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
362. Anesthesia for Myotonias - Answer (click here)
363. Anesthesia for Periodic Paralysis - Answer (click here)
364. Anesthesia for Intraocular Pressure Dynamics - Answer (click here)
365. Anesthesia for the Oculocardiac Reflex - Answer (click here)
366. Anesthesia for Intraocular Gas Expansion - Answer (click here)
367. Anesthesia for Systemic Effects of Ophthalmic Drugs - Answer (click here)
368. General Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
369. Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery - Answer (click here)
370. Anesthesia for Endoscopy - Answer (click here)
371. Anesthesia for Nasal & Sinus Surgery - Answer (click here)
372. Anesthesia for Head & Neck Cancer Surgery - Answer (click here)
373. Anesthesia for Maxillofacial Reconstruction & Orthognathic Surgery -
Answer (click here)
374. Anesthesia for Ear Surgery - Answer (click here)
375. Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery - Answer (click here)
376. Anesthesia for Perioperative Management Considerations in Orthopedic
Surgery - Answer (click here)
377. Anesthesia for Fracture of the Hip - Answer (click here)
378. Anesthesia for Total Hip Arthroplasty - Answer (click here)
379. Anesthesia for Closed Reduction of Hip Dislocation - Answer (click here)
380. Anesthesia for Knee Arthroscopy - Answer (click here)
381. Anesthesia for Total Knee Replacement - Answer (click here)
382. Anesthesia for Shoulder Surgery - Answer (click here)
383. Anesthesia for Distal Upper Extremity Surgery - Answer (click here)
384. Anesthesia for Trauma & Emergency Surgery - Answer (click here)
385. Anesthesia for Primary Survey - Answer (click here)
386. Anesthesia for Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
387. Anesthesia for Definitive Trauma Interventions - Answer (click here)
388. Anesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury - Answer (click here)
389. Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Injury - Answer (click here)
390. Anesthesia for Burns - Answer (click here)
391. Anesthesia for Physiological Changes During Pregnancy - Answer (click
here)
392. Anesthesia for Uteroplacental Circulation - Answer (click here)
393. Physiology of Normal Labor - Answer (click here)
394. Effect of Labor on Maternal Physiology - Answer (click here)
395. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Uterine Activity & Labor - Answer (click
here)
396. Fetal Physiology - Answer (click here)
397. Physiological Transition of the Fetus at Birth - Answer (click here)
398. Anesthetic Risk in Obstetric Patients - Answer (click here)
399. General Approach to the Obstetric Patient - Answer (click here)
400. Anesthesia for Labor & Vaginal Delivery - Answer (click here)
401. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Spinal Opioids Alone - Answer (click
here)
402. Regional Anesthetic Techniques: Local Anesthetic/Local Anesthetic
Opioid Mixtures - Answer (click here)
403. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
404. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
405. Anesthesia for Cesarean Section: General Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
406. Anesthesia for Emergency Cesarean Section - Answer (click here)
407. Anesthesia for Umbilical Cord Prolapse - Answer (click here)
408. Anesthesia for Dystocia & Abnormal Fetal Presentations & Positions -
Answer (click here)
409. Anesthesia for Multiple Gestations - Answer (click here)
410. Anesthesia for Antepartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
411. Anesthesia for Premature Rupture of Membranes & Chorioamnionitis -
Answer (click here)
412. Anesthesia for Preterm Labor - Answer (click here)
413. Anesthesia for Hypertensive Disorders - Answer (click here)
414. Anesthesia for Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
415. Anesthesia for Amniotic Fluid Embolism - Answer (click here)
416. Anesthesia for Postpartum Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
417. Anesthesia for Fetal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
418. Anesthesia for Neonatal Resuscitation - Answer (click here)
419. Pediatric Anesthesia: Anatomic & Physiological Development - Answer
(click here)
420. Pediatric Anesthesia: Pharmacological Differences - Answer (click here)
421. Pediatric Anesthetic Risk - Answer (click here)
422. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
423. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
424. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Induction - Answer (click here)
425. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Induction - Answer (click
here)
426. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Inhalational Induction - Answer (click
here)
427. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Intravenous Access - Answer (click here)
428. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Tracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
429. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Maintenance - Answer (click here)
430. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Perioperative Fluid Requirements -
Answer (click here)
431. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia -
Answer (click here)
432. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Sedation for Procedures in and out of
the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
433. Pediatric Anesthetic Techniques: Emergence & Recovery - Answer (click
here)
434. Anesthetic Considerations in Prematurity - Answer (click here)
435. Anesthetic Considerations in Intestinal Malrotation & Volvulus - Answer
(click here)
436. Anesthetic Considerations in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - Answer
(click here)
437. Anesthetic Considerations in Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Answer (click
here)
438. Anesthetic Considerations in Gastroschisis & Omphalocele - Answer (click
here)
439. Anesthetic Considerations in Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - Answer
(click here)
440. Anesthetic Considerations in Infectious Croup, Foreign Body Aspiration,
& Acute Epiglottitis - Answer (click here)
441. Anesthetic Considerations in Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy - Answer
(click here)
442. Anesthetic Considerations in Myringotomy & Insertion of
Tympanostomy Tubes - Answer (click here)
443. Anesthetic Considerations in Trisomy 21 Syndrome Down Syndrome -
Answer (click here)
444. Anesthetic Considerations in Cystic Fibrosis - Answer (click here)
445. Anesthetic Considerations in Scoliosis - Answer (click here)
446. Geriatric Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
447. Age-Related Anatomic & Physiological Changes - Answer (click here)
448. Age-Related Pharmacological Changes - Answer (click here)
449. Ambulatory, Non operating Room, & Office-Based Anesthesia - Answer
(click here)
450. Advances in Ambulatory Anesthesia and Surgery - Answer (click here)
451. Candidates for Ambulatory and Office Based Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
452. Anesthesia: Specific Patient Conditions and Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
453. Anesthesia: Intraoperative Considerations - Answer (click here)
454. Post Anesthesia Recovery and Discharge - Answer (click here)
455. Anesthesia: Discharge Criteria - Answer (click here)
456. Unanticipated Hospital Admission Following Ambulatory Surgery -
Answer (click here)
457. Anesthesia: Non Operating Room Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
458. Anesthesia: Special Considerations in Out of the Operating Room
Locations - Answer (click here)
459. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks - Answer (click here)
460. The Role of Neuraxial Anesthesia in Anesthetic Practice - Answer (click
here)
461. Anatomy of Vertebral Column - Answer (click here)
462. Anatomy of The Spinal Cord - Answer (click here)
463. Spinal, Epidural & Caudal Blocks: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click
here)
464. Clinical Considerations Common to Spinal & Epidural Blocks - Answer
(click here)
465. Spinal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
466. Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
467. Epidural Needles and Epidural Catheters - Answer (click here)
468. Specific Techniques for Epidural Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
469. Activating an Epidural - Answer (click here)
470. Epidural Anesthesia: Factors Affecting Level of Block - Answer (click here)
471. Epidural Anesthetic Agents - Answer (click here)
472. Epidural Anesthesia: Local Anesthetic pH Adjustment - Answer (click here)
473. Failed Epidural Blocks - Answer (click here)
474. Caudal Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
475. Complications of Neuraxial Blocks - Answer (click here)
476. Complications Associated with Excessive Responses to Appropriately
Placed Drug - Answer (click here)
477. Complications Associated with Needle or Catheter Insertion - Answer
(click here)
478. Complications Associated with Drug Toxicity - Answer (click here)
479. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Patient Selection - Answer (click here)
480. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Risks & Contraindications - Answer (click here)
481. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Choice of Local Anesthetic - Answer (click here)
482. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Preparation - Answer (click here)
483. Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Block Techniques - Answer (click here)
484. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Brachial Plexus Anatomy -
Answer (click here)
485. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Interscalene Block - Answer
(click here)
486. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Supraclavicular Block -
Answer (click here)
487. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Infraclavicular Block - Answer
(click here)
488. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Axillary Block - Answer (click
here)
489. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Blocks of the Terminal
Nerves - Answer (click here)
490. Upper Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Intravenous Regional
Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
491. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lumbar & Sacral Plexus
Anatomy - Answer (click here)
492. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Femoral Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
493. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
494. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Obturator Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
495. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Posterior Lumbar Plexus
(Psoas Compartment) Block - Answer (click here)
496. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Saphenous Nerve Block -
Answer (click here)
497. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Sciatic Nerve Block - Answer
(click here)
498. Lower Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Ankle Block - Answer (click
here)
499. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Superficial Cervical Plexus Block
- Answer (click here)
500. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Intercostal Block - Answer (click
here)
501. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Paravertebral Block - Answer (click
here)
502. Peripheral Nerve Blocks of the Trunk: Transversus Abdominis Plane
Block - Answer (click here)
503. Anesthesia: Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
504. Definitions & Classification of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
505. Pain Pathways - Answer (click here)
506. Physiology of Nociception - Answer (click here)
507. Pathophysiology of Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
508. Systemic Responses to Pain - Answer (click here)
509. Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Pain - Answer (click here)
510. Entrapment Syndromes - Answer (click here)
511. Myofascial Pain - Answer (click here)
512. Fibromyalgia - Answer (click here)
513. Low Back Pain & Related Syndromes - Answer (click here)
514. Neuropathic Pain - Answer (click here)
515. Acute Herpes Zoster & Postherpetic Neuralgia - Chronic Pain
Management - Answer (click here)
516. Headache - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
517. Abdominal Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
518. Cancer Related Pain - Chronic Pain Management - Answer (click here)
519. Interventional Therapies: Pharmacological Interventions - Answer (click
here)
520. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Blocks - Answer (click here)
521. Trigeminal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
522. Facial Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
523. Glossopharyngeal Block - Answer (click here)
524. Occipital Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
525. Suprascapular Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
526. Cervical Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
527. Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
528. Lumbar Paravertebral Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
529. Cervical, Thoracic & Lumbar Medial Branch Blocks - Answer (click here)
530. Trans-Sacral Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
531. Pudendal Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
532. Sympathetic Nerve Blocks - Answer (click here)
533. Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Block - Answer (click here)
534. Splanchnic Nerve Block - Answer (click here)
535. Celiac Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
536. Lumbar Sympathetic Block - Answer (click here)
537. Superior Hypogastric Plexus Block - Answer (click here)
538. Ganglion Impar Block - Answer (click here)
539. Intravenous Regional Block - Answer (click here)
540. Epidural Injections - Answer (click here)
541. Radio frequency Ablation & Cryoneurolysis - Answer (click here)
542. Chemical Neurolysis - Answer (click here)
543. Differential Neural Blockade - Answer (click here)
544. Neuromodulation - Answer (click here)
545. Vertebral Augmentation - Answer (click here)
546. Multidisciplinary Treatment - Answer (click here)
547. Evolution of Enhanced Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)
548. Anesthetic Management: Preoperative Period - Answer (click here)
549. Anesthetic Management: Intraoperative Period - Answer (click here)
550. Anesthetic Management: Postoperative Period - Answer (click here)
551. Anesthetic Management: Issues in the Implementation of Enhanced
Recovery Programs - Answer (click here)
552. Nomenclature of Solutions - Answer (click here)
553. Fluid Compartments - Answer (click here)
554. Disorders of Water Balance - Answer (click here)
555. Disorders of Water Balance: Control of Plasma Osmolality - Answer (click
here)
556. Disorders of Water Balance: Hyperosmolality & Hypernatremia - Answer
(click here)
557. Disorders of Water Balance: Hypoosmolality & Hyponatremia - Answer
(click here)
558. Disorders of Sodium Balance - Answer (click here)
559. Disorders of Potassium Balance - Answer (click here)
560. Intercompartmental Shifts of Potassium - Answer (click here)
561. Hypokalemia - Answer (click here)
562. Hyperkalemia - Answer (click here)
563. Disorders of Calcium Balance: Normal Calcium Balance - Answer (click
here)
564. Hypercalcemia - Answer (click here)
565. Hypocalcemia - Answer (click here)
566. Disorders of Phosphorus Balance - Answer (click here)
567. Normal Phosphorus Balance - Answer (click here)
568. Hyperphosphatemia - Answer (click here)
569. Hypophosphatemia - Answer (click here)
570. Disorders of Magnesium Balance - Answer (click here)
571. Normal Magnesium Balance - Answer (click here)
572. Hypermagnesemia - Answer (click here)
573. Hypomagnesemia - Answer (click here)

Acid Base Management

1. The Practice of Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
2. The History of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
3. Inhalation Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
4. Local & Regional Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
5. Intravenous Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
6. Evolution of the Specialty - Answer (click here)
7. The Scope of Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
8. The Operating Room Environment: Safety Culture - Answer (click here)
9. The Operating Room Environment: Medical Gas Systems - Answer (click
here)
10. Environmental Factors in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
11. Electrical Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
12. Fire Prevention & Preparation in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
13. Fire Extinguishers in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
14. Laser Safety in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
15. Crew Resource Management in the Operating Room - Answer (click here)
16. Future Design of Operating Rooms - Answer (click here)
17. Anesthetic Equipment & Monitors : Breathing Systems - Answer (click
here)
18. Insufflation - Answer (click here)
19. Open Drop and Draw Over Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
20. Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
21. Components of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
22. Performance Characteristics of Mapleson Circuits - Answer (click here)
23. The Circle System - Answer (click here)
24. Components of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
25. Optimization of Circle System Design - Answer (click here)
26. Performance Characteristics of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
27. Disadvantages of the Circle System - Answer (click here)
28. Resuscitation Breathing Systems - Answer (click here)
29. The Anesthesia Machine - Answer (click here)
30. Anesthesia Gas Supply - Answer (click here)
31. Anesthesia Flow Control Circuits - Answer (click here)
32. Anesthesia The Breathing Circuit - Answer (click here)
33. Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
34. Anesthesia Ventilator Circuit Design - Answer (click here)
35. Anesthesia Ventilators Pressure & Volume Monitoring - Answer (click
here)
36. Problems Associated with Anesthesia Ventilators - Answer (click here)
37. Anesthesia Waste Gas Scavengers - Answer (click here)
38. Anesthesia Machine Checkout List - Answer (click here)
39. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
40. Noninvasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring Indications - Answer
(click here)
41. Invasive Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring - Answer (click here)
42. Electrocardiography - Answer (click here)
43. Central Venous Catheterization - Answer (click here)
44. Pulmonary Artery Catheterization - Answer (click here)
45. Cardiac Output - Answer (click here)
46. Precordial & Esophageal Stethoscopes - Respiratory Gas Exchange
Monitors - Answer (click here)
47. Pulse Oximetry - Respiratory Gas Exchange Monitors - Answer (click here)
48. Capnography - Answer (click here)
49. Anesthetic Gas Analysis - Answer (click here)
50. Electroencephalography - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click
here)
51. Evoked Potentials - Neurological System Monitors - Answer (click here)
52. Cerebral Oximetry and Other Neurological System Monitors of the
Brain - Answer (click here)
53. Temperature Monitors - Answer (click here)
54. Urinary Output Monitors - Answer (click here)
55. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
56. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - Answer (click here)
57. Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - Answer (click here)
58. Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation - Answer (click here)
59. Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - Answer (click here)
60. Pharmacokinetics: Compartment Models - Answer (click here)
61. Pharmacodynamics - Answer (click here)
62. Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click here)
63. Factors Affecting Inspiratory Concentration - Answer (click here)
64. Factors Affecting Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
65. Factors Affecting Arterial Concentration - Answer (click here)
66. Factors Affecting Elimination - Answer (click here)
67. Theories of Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
68. Anesthetic Neurotoxicity - Answer (click here)
69. Anesthetic Neuroprotection and Cardiac Preconditioning - Answer (click
here)
70. Minimum Alveolar Concentration - Answer (click here)
71. Nitrous Oxide - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics -
Answer (click here)
72. Halothane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
73. Isoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
74. Desflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
75. Sevoflurane - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer
(click here)
76. Xenon - Clinical Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics - Answer (click
here)
77. Intravenous Anesthetics: Barbiturates - Answer (click here)
78. Intravenous Anesthetics: Benzodiazepines - Answer (click here)
79. Intravenous Anesthetics: Ketamine - Answer (click here)
80. Intravenous Anesthetics: Etomidate - Answer (click here)
81. Intravenous Anesthetics: Propofol - Answer (click here)
82. Intravenous Anesthetics: Fospropofol - Answer (click here)
83. Analgesic Agents: Opioids - Answer (click here)
84. Analgesic Agents: Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
85. Neuromuscular Transmission - Answer (click here)
86. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents: Mechanism Of Action - Answer (click
here)
87. Other Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
88. Reversal of Neuromuscular Blockade - Answer (click here)
89. Response to Peripheral Nerve Stimulation - Answer (click here)
90. DepolarizingMuscle Relaxants: Succinylcholine - Answer (click here)
91. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Unique Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
92. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: General Pharmacological
Characteristics - Answer (click here)
93. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Atracurium - Answer (click here)
94. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Cisatracurium - Answer (click here)
95. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Pancuronium - Answer (click here)
96. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Vecuronium - Answer (click here)
97. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Rocuronium - Answer (click here)
98. Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants: Other Relaxants - Answer (click here)
 99. Newer Muscle Relaxants - Answer (click here)
100. Cholinergic Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
101. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Mechanism of Action - Answer (click here)
102. Cholinergic Pharmacology: Clinical Pharmacology - Answer (click here)
103. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine - Answer (click here)
104. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Pyridostigmine - Answer (click here)
105. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Edrophonium - Answer (click here)
106. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Physostigmine - Answer (click here)
107. Non Classic Reversal Agents - Answer (click here)
108. Sugammadex - Answer (click here)
109. L Cysteine - Answer (click here)
110. Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
111. Specific Anticholinergic Drugs - Answer (click here)
112. Adrenoceptor Physiology - Answer (click here)
113. Adrenergic Agonists - Answer (click here)
114. Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine - Answer (click here)
115. Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine - Answer (click here)
116. Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine - Answer (click here)
117. Adrenergic Agonists: Norepinephrine - Answer (click here)
118. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine - Answer (click here)
119. Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol - Answer (click here)
120. Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine - Answer (click here)
121. Adrenergic Agonists: Dopexamine - Answer (click here)
122. Adrenergic Agonists: Fenoldopam - Answer (click here)
123. Adrenergic Antagonists: Αlpha Blockers Phentolamine - Answer (click
here)
124. Adrenergic Antagonists: Mixed Antagonists Labetalol - Answer (click here)
125. Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Answer (click here)
126. Adrenergic Antagonists: Esmolol - Answer (click here)
127. Adrenergic Antagonists: Metoprolol - Answer (click here)
128. Adrenergic Antagonists: Propranolol - Answer (click here)
129. Adrenergic Antagonists: Nebivolol - Answer (click here)
130. Adrenergic Antagonists: Carvedilol - Answer (click here)
131. Perioperative Βeta Blocker Therapy - Answer (click here)
132. Hypotensive Agents - Answer (click here)
133. Nitrovasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside - Answer (click here)
134. Nitrovasodilators: Nitroglycerin - Answer (click here)
135. Nitrovasodilators: Hydralazine - Answer (click here)
136. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Fenoldopam - Answer (click
here)
137. Non-Nitrovasodilator Hypotensive Agents: Calcium Antagonists -
 Answer (click here)
138. Mechanisms of Local Anesthetic Action - Answer (click here)
139. Local Anesthetic: Structure Activity Relationships - Answer (click here)
140. Local Anesthetic: Pharmacokinetics - Answer (click here)
141. Local Anesthetic: Effects on Organ Systems - Answer (click here)
142. Local Anesthetic: Drug Interactions - Answer (click here)
143. Aspiration - Answer (click here)
144. Aspiration: Histamine Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
145. Aspiration: H1-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
146. Aspiration: H2-Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
147. Aspiration: Antacids - Answer (click here)
148. Aspiration: Metoclopramide - Answer (click here)
149. Aspiration: Proton Pump Inhibitors - Answer (click here)
150. Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting PONV - Answer (click here)
151. 5 HT3 Receptor Antagonists - Answer (click here)
152. Butyrophenones - Answer (click here)
153. Dexamethasone - Answer (click here)
154. Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonist - Answer (click here)
155. Adjuncts to Anesthesia: Ketorolac - Answer (click here)
156. Clonidine - Answer (click here)
157. Dexmedetomidine - Answer (click here)
158. Doxapram - Answer (click here)
159. Naloxone - Answer (click here)
160. Naltrexone - Answer (click here)
161. Flumazenil - Answer (click here)
162. Preoperative Evaluation - Answer (click here)
163. Elements of the Preoperative History - Answer (click here)
164. Elements of the Preoperative Physical Examination - Answer (click here)
165. Preoperative Laboratory Testing - Answer (click here)
166. Premedication - Answer (click here)
167. Documentation - Clinical Anesthesiology - Answer (click here)
168. Airway Management: Anatomy - Answer (click here)
169. Routine Airway Management - Answer (click here)
170. Airway Assessment - Answer (click here)
171. Airway Management Equipment - Answer (click here)
172. Airway Management Positioning - Answer (click here)
173. Airway Preoxygenation - Answer (click here)
174. Bag and Mask Ventilation - Answer (click here)
175. Supraglottic Airway Devices - Answer (click here)
176. Endotracheal Intubation - Answer (click here)
177. Larygoscopes - Answer (click here)
178. Video Laryngoscopes - Answer (click here)
179. Techniques of Direct and Indirect Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer
(click here)
180. Surgical Airway Techniques - Answer (click here)
181. Problems Following Intubation - Answer (click here)
182. Techniques of Extubation - Answer (click here)
183. Complications of Laryngoscopy & Intubation - Answer (click here)
184. Cardiovascular Physiology & Anesthesia - Answer (click here)
185. Physiology & Anesthesia: The Heart - Answer (click here)
186. Cardiac Action Potentials - Answer (click here)
187. Initiation & Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse - Answer (click here)
188. Mechanism of Heart Contraction - Answer (click here)
189. Innervation of the Heart - Answer (click here)
190. The Cardiac Cycle - Answer (click here)
191. Determinants of Ventricular Performance - Answer (click here)
192. Assessment of Ventricular Function - Answer (click here)
193. Systemic Circulation - Answer (click here)
194. Autonomic Control of the Systemic Vasculature - Answer (click here)
195. Arterial Blood Pressure - Answer (click here)
196. Anatomy & Physiology of the Coronary Circulation - Answer (click here)
197. Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Heart - Answer (click here)
198. Compensatory Mechanisms - Answer (click here)
199. Anesthesia for Patients with Cardiovascular Disease - Answer (click here)
200. Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Preparation for Noncardiac
Surgery - Answer (click here)
201. Coronary Artery Disease - Answer (click here)
202. Hypertension - Answer (click here)
203. Hypertension:Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
204. Hypertension: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
205. Hypertension: Postoperative Management - Answer (click here)
206. Ischemic Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
207. Ischemic Heart Disease: Preoperative Management - Answer (click here)
208. Ischemic Heart Disease: Intraoperative Management - Answer (click here)
209. Ischemic Heart Disease: Monitoring - Answer (click here)
210. Arrhythmias, Pacemakers, and Internal Cardioverter-Defibrillator
Management - Answer (click here)
211. Heart Failure - Answer (click here)
212. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - Answer (click here)
213. Valvular Heart Disease: General Evaluation of Patients - Answer (click
here)
214. Mitral Stenosis - Answer (click here)
215. Mitral Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
216. Mitral Valve Prolapse - Answer (click here)
217. Aortic Stenosis - Answer (click here)
218. Calculating Aortic Valve Area & Transvalvular Gradient - Answer (click
here)
219. Aortic Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
220. Tricuspid Regurgitation - Answer (click here)
221. Endocarditis Prophylaxis - Answer (click here)
222. Anticoagulation - Answer (click here)
223. Congenital Heart Disease - Answer (click here)
224. Obstructive Lesions - Answer (click here)
225. Predominantly Left-to-Right (Simple) Shunts - Answer (click here)
226. Predominantly Right-to-Left (Complex) Shunts - Answer (click here)
227. The Patient with a Transplanted Heart - Answer (click here)
228. Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
229. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Systemic Hypothermia - Answer (click here)
230. Myocardial Preservation - Answer (click here)
231. Physiological Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass - Answer (click here)
232. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Adults - Answer (click here)
233. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Preinduction Period -
Answer (click here)
234. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Prebypass Period - Answer
(click here)
235. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Bypass Period - Answer
(click here)
236. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Termination of CPB -
Answer (click here)
237. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postbypass Period - Answer
(click here)
238. Anesthetic Management of Cardiac Surgery: Postoperative Period -
Answer (click here)
239. Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery - Answer (click here)
240. Pediatric Patients - Answer (click here)
241. Cardiac Transplantation - Answer (click here)
242. Cardiac Transplantation: Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
243. Pericardial Disease - Answer (click here)
244. Anesthesia for Surgery on the Aorta - Answer (click here)
245. Specific Lesions of the Aorta - Answer (click here)
246. Anesthetic Management - Answer (click here)
247. Anesthesia for Carotid Artery Surgery - Answer (click here)
248. Functional Respiratory Anatomy - Answer (click here)
249. Mechanisms of Breathing - Answer (click here)
250. Lung Mechanics - Answer (click here)
251. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships - Answer (click here)
252. Alveolar, Arterial, & Venous Gas Tensions - Answer (click here)
253. Transport of Respiratory Gases in Blood - Answer (click here)
254. Control of Breathing - Answer (click here)
255. Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung - Answer (click here)
256. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Risk Factors - Answer (click here)
257. Anesthesia : Asthma - Answer (click here)
258. Anesthesia : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
259. Anesthesia : Restrictive Pulmonary Disease - Answer (click here)
260. Anesthesia : Acute Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
261. Anesthesia : Chronic Intrinsic Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click here)
262. Anesthesia : Extrinsic Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders - Answer (click
here)
263. Anesthesia : Pulmonary Embolism - Answer (click here)
264. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Lateral Decubitus Position -
Answer (click here)
265. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: The Open Pneumothorax - Answer (click
here)
266. Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery: One Lung Ventilation - Answer (click
here)
267. Physiological Considerations During Thoracic Anesthesia - Answer (click
here)
268. Techniques for One-Lung Ventilation - Answer (click here)
269. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Preoperative Considerations - Answer
(click here)
270. Anesthesia for Lung Resection: Anesthetic Considerations - Answer (click
here)
271. Special Considerations for Patients Undergoing Lung Resection - Answer
(click here)
272. Anesthesia for Tracheal Resection - Answer (click here)
273. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) - Answer
(click here)
274. Anesthesia for Diagnostic Thoracic Procedures - Answer (click here)
275. Anesthesia for Lung Transplantation - Answer (click here)
276. Anesthesia for Esophageal Surgery - Answer (click here)
277. Cerebral Metabolism - Answer (click here)
278. Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
279. Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow - Answer (click here)
280. Blood Brain Barrier - Answer (click here)
281. Cerebrospinal Fluid - Answer (click here)
282. Intracranial Pressure - Answer (click here)
283. Effect of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Physiology - Answer (click here)
284.