FORENSIC BALLISTIC
a. firearms or guns
b. bullets
c. cartridge cases
A. Tattooing Protrusion of fat Absent Present
- Aka peppering/ stippling
- Small, discrete black specks which can’t
I. Entrance wound
be wiped off
A. Contact gunshot wounds
- Due to the grains of gunpowder driven
- most often implying intentional
to the skin
selfinflicted injury
B. Blackening/ Smudging
- always require accurate decsription,
- Carbonaceous deposition on skin which
and close attention to the size, shape
can be easily wiped off
and appearance of the base and
- Caused by deposition of smoke on skin
periphery of the wound
C. Lead ring/ Metal ring
- -stellate laceration
- Deposition of very small quantity of lead
B. Close-Range or Near-Contact Wounds
at site of entry of projectile
- can be defined as the maximum range
D. Grease collar/ Dirt Collar
at which soot is deposited on the
- Carried lubricant from the barrel of
wound or the clothing, usually with a
firearm on the projectile
muzzle-to-target distance of up to 30
Gunshot wounds can be classified as: centimeters in handguns.
- overlap between the appearance of
1. penetrating wound
close-range and loose-contact wounds,
- is used when a bullet enters the body or a structure,
making it difficult to differentiate the
but does not exit
two
2. perforating wound
C. Intermediate Range Wounds
- is used when a bullet passes completely through the
- hallmark of intermediate-range wounds
body or a structure.
is the phenomenon of so called powder
N.I. Pirogov tattooing
D. Distant-Range Wounds
- Russian surgeon who described the changes observes in the - the only marks left on the body are
areas of entrance and exit fire wounds produced by the mechanical action of
the bullet perforating the skin
a. absence of difference in size of entrance and exit gunshot
wounds Medico-Legal Aspects of Firearm injuries
b. defect of tissue around an entrance gunshot wound
c. abrasion collar around an entrance gunshot wound 1. Nature of Firearm
2. Range of firearm
Gunshot wounds are further classified as: 3. Direction of fire
4. Place from where firing took place
5. Cause of death
6. Manner of death
- Developed in 1933
- Presumptive test developed for the
presence of GSR
Method: