Presented by:
J. Anderson, ”Technologies & Architectures for Next Gen Ethernet Optical Client
Interfaces,” Joint ITU-T/IEEE Workshop on The Future of Ethernet Transport,
Geneva, Switzerland, 28 May 2010
20,000,000
15,000,000
10,000,000
10 Gb/s
5,000,000
0
CY07 CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13 CY14 CY15 CY16
Year
User 1 User 2
“The Cloud”
User 1 User 2
Server
Edge Router
Client Networks
Core Router
DWDM Transponder Tx Rx
EDFA EDFA
ROADM
Client EDFA
EDFA
100 GE / OTU 4
More data Higher bit rates Higher line rates More capacity / bandwidth
CFP CFP2
CFP
100 GE / OTU 4
10 Multi-Mode
4 λ at 1300 nm 10 λ at 1550 nm
Ribbon Fiber
LR4, ER4 & OTN LR10
850 nm / SR10
4 x 25 Gb/s at 1300 nm
10 x 10 Gb/s at 1550 nm
(up to10 / 40 km)
(up to 10 / 40 km)
4.5
nm
1295.56 1300.05 1304.58 1309.14 nm 1523 1531 1539 1547 1555 1563 1571 1569 1587 1595 nm
Dl = 8 nm
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 11
Three Revolutionary Developments
in DWDM Line Side Transmission
100
Total Capacity in C-Band
(90 WDM Channels on
100 Gb/s
50 GHz ITU Grid)
10
10 Gb/s 40 Gb/s
1
2.5 Gb/s
0.1
1 10 100 1000
Data Rate per Channel [Gb/s]
1 40G NRZ-OOK
40 Gb/s
50 GHz WDM Channel
Passband
0.1
2.5- and 10-Gb/s
signals fit well into
10 Gb/s 50GHz WDM
channel
0.01
2.5 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK
Gb/s signal does not fit
into one 50 GHz
0.001 WDM channel
-40 -20 0 20 40
Relative Optical Frequency [GHz]
Highly 0º 0
Skilled
Modulator 180º 1
0º 0
1
Tx
0 Rx
2nd Agreement: Always turn the signal off between adjacent symbols
Signal
turned off
between
adjacent
symbols
(improves contrast)
Signal only
turned off
when
symbols
change
180º
Two-Dimensional
Phase
Constellation
Diagram
for 90º 270º
Amplitude
and Amplitude
Phase
0º
(25 Gb/s) 0º ON
Quaternary PSK
(QPSK):
N= 4
2 bits per Symbol
(50 Gb/s)
16-ary Quadrature-
Amplitude Modulation
N = 16
(16-QAM):
4 bits per Symbol (100 Gb/s)
(25 Gb/s) 0º ON
Quaternary PSK
(QPSK):
N= 4
2 bits per Symbol
(50 Gb/s)
16-ary Quadrature-
Amplitude Modulation
N = 16
(16-QAM):
4 bits per Symbol (100 Gb/s)
Polarization-multiplexed QPSK:
(4 bits/symbol) +
• PM-QPSK: 40 Gb/s (10 Gbaud)
100 Gb/s (25 Gbaud) || Pol | Pol
1 40G RZ-
40-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK
DQPSK
Quaternary phase-
shift keying / Return-
10G to-zero coding /
NRZ Fills 50 GHz channel
0.1 OOK
100-Gb/s PM-QPSK
2.5G Polarization
NRZ multiplexing and
OOK QPSK modulation /
0.01 Return-to-zero coding
-40 -20 0 20 40 / Fills up 50 GHz
channel
Relative Optical Frequency [GHz]
Early Work
Late 1980s
3. … and 2.5 … 3 times more sensitive to PMD than legacy 10 Gb/s signals
Automatic PMD compensator at receiver
PMD Compensation
CD Compensation
PBS 90º
Signal Decoding
Phase Recovery
Mixer ADC
Data
PD
0º / ADC
LO 90º
PBS
Laser Mixer ADC
100G Tx 1 Rx 1
100G Tx 2 W W Rx 2
O O O
D D Rx 3
100G Tx 3 A A A
M M
No No No
100G Tx n DCM DCM Rx n
DCM
Hybrid networks with mixed 10G and 100G signals require DCMs
10G Tx 1 Rx 1
10G Tx 2 W W Rx 2
O O O
D A A D
A
100G Tx 3 M M Rx 3
100G Tx n Rx n
DCM DCM DCM
90o
3000 km SSMF
No In-Line DCFs
50,000 ps/nm CD 90o
DP QPSK
97 ps DGD
3420 ps2 SO-PMD
10-Gb/s drive signals Photo-receiver signals
1.5 3
Normalized Voltage
Normalized Voltage
1 2 PD 1
0.5 No. 2 1
0 0
-0.5 -1
No. 1
-1 -2 PD 2
-1.5 -3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
1.5 3
Time [ns]
Normalized Voltage
Normalized Voltage
Time [ns]
1 2 PD 4
0.5 No. 4 1
0
0
-1
-0.5 -2
-1
No. 3 PD 3
-3
-1.5 -4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time [ns] Time [ns]
Normalized Voltage
1
1
0 0
-1 -1
-2
PD 4 PD 3 -2 CD 4 CD 3
-3 PD 2 CD 2
-4 -3
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Time [ns] Time [ns]
After reference phase estimation After PMD comp. and pol. demux.
1.5 2
1.5 Pol 3 Pol 4
Normalized Voltage
Normalized Voltage
1
1 Pol 2
0.5 0.5
0 0
100 GE O O
A A
OTU 4
CFP
CFP 100 Gb/s Pol-Mux RZ-QPSK CFP 2
(w/ coherent detection) QSFP
Four 25 Gb/s NRZ signals 4 x 25 Gb/s NRZ / Duobinary CPAK
at different wavelengths (direct detection, metro, CFP)
around 1300 nm
Mux / Demux
E
CFP DSP Tunable Laser
O +
E Modulator
(DP-QPSK)
CD Tolerance
1600 >30,000 250 … 500
[ps/nm]
PMD Tolerance
10 … 15 >25 4…6
[ps]
Without Raman
Raman
Raman Pump
pump unit
Link Length [km]
Are you sure you know the fiber type in your links ?
(SMF-28E?, Lucent Tru-wave?, Dispersion Shifted?, Flattened)
Demux
CFP 100 GE
Mux
OA OA
CFP
Client Side
• Dirty or damaged connectors
• Dirty or damaged connectors (IL/ORL)
• Macro or microbends,
• Macro/microbends, bad splices
• Bad splices
• Fiber damage
• Cable or Fiber cuts
• PMD is too high
Basic Infrastructure Testing &
Basic Infrastructure Testing / Documentation
Documentation
• Connector Inspection & Cleaning
Connector Inspection & Cleaning
• Link insertion Loss & Return Loss
Link insertion Loss & Return Loss
• OTDR (length, dB/km, event losses, impairments)
OTDR (length, dB/km, event
losses, impairments Advanced Testing for High Speed Networks
• RAMAN Amp Link Testing (IL/ORL/OTDR)
NOTE: Dispersion measurements are not • Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
needed on the client side • Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
• Attenuation Profile (optional)
• In-Service PMD (troubleshooting – non-DPM only)
NOTE: All tests are perforrmed out of service except where specifically noted
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 51
100 Gb/s Transmission
Line Side Client Side System Testing
Client Side Line Side
CFP
Demux
CFP 100 GE
Mux
OA OA
CFP
OSA
BERT Optics: BERT
Optics:
• C-WDM: 4 ch at 1300nm • DWDM (50GHz grid), up to 80ch
Network: Network:
• Point to point (max 40km) • Long distance (>100km), mesh/ROADM topology
Client Side
Possible problems Possible problems
• Defective CFP (power, λ) • Loss, Tx-power, wavelength drift, EDFA/Raman-
• Loss noise , power-tilt, non linearities, CD and PMD
BER Testing: BER Testing: not possible
• Direct at CFP (back to back) • All channels present
• Out-of-service test • FEC, proprietary / non standard format
Optical Testing Optical Testing
• Go/No Go => replace CFP • Fault isolation
• Inspect connectors • In service spectral test => OSA
• No spectral testing needed • Power, wavelength,
• In-band OSNR (no field solution yet available)
© 2012 JDS Uniphase Corporation | JDSU CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY INFORMATION 52
In Summary