IRAT Handover Optimization Project

IRAT Handover Optimization Project
Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)
Agenda
 Background
– P3 IRAT Handover Strategy
dd MMMM yyyy, Speaker, Path/Filename, Classification (Menu View, Header and Footer)
– P4 IRAT Handover
 P3 IRAT Handover Strategy analysis
 Test cases
 Test Results
 Additional Analysis and the way forward
2
Background – P3 IRAT Handover

Strategy
 IRAT based on RSCP only
 Perform IRAT as soon as 3G gets below -101 dBm
GSM Coverage
UMTS and GSM e3a
-80 Satisfied
UMTS UMTS Satisfied
GSM not ready
Coverage e3a
-95
-97 e2f
-98
-100
-101 e2d
RSCP
CM
3
 IRAT based on RSCP only and Immediate handover

– Almost 30% of all active connections end in 2G
– Total Drop rate = 0.5%
– Total drop rate due to IRAT Handover failure = 0.05%
4

 IRAT based on Ec/No or RSCP or UeTx Power (Uplink and Downlink Monitoring)
uplink Ue Tx Power
downlink
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
 quality = good if all

CONNECTION QUALITY MONITORING measurement items are
good
Configurable Ec/No RSCP UeTxPwr
thresholds for  quality = bad if at least
event triggering one measurement is bad
bad good bad good good bad

5

 IRAT based on RSCP or Ec/No or UeTx Power
RSCP: Typically Indoor or coverage border area Ec/No: Typically Polluted or high traffic area
RSSI
(Interference
)
RSSI RSCP (Signal)
Better Ec/No but Good RSCP everywhere
(Interference poor RSCP Thermal but bad Ec/No
) Noise
RSCP
(Signal
)
Thermal P4: HSDPA -> check
Noise maxTxPowerDl
and cpich
settings
UeTx Power: Typically high Ul Interference
P4:
384/HSDPA
P5: E-UL
6
Check to be performed on all P4 cells
HSDPA Margin
Admission Margin (R99)
Ec/No=CPICH - L - (IN + OUT + TH)
Ec/No = CPICH - L - IN = CPICH - L - (TotTxPower - L) = CPICH -

TotTxPower
Power
available Ec/No = CPICH - TotTxPower + HsdpaMargin
for traffic
Ec/No = CPICH - TotTxPower + AdmissionMargin
(primaryCpichPower-maximumTransmissionPower+hsPowerMargin)/10
>
Total
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo-hysteresis2d/4
TX
Power
Common
Channel
Power
7
P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

gsmThresh3a -95
hysteresis2d 4
hysteresis2f 4
 IRAT based on RSCP only and “immediate

hysteresis3a 0
usedFreqThresh2dRscp -100
usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc -100
handover” policy usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp

utranRelThresh3aRscp
2
20
TimeTo Trigger2dRscp 200
 Ec/No power triggering is almost disabled by TimeTo Trigger2fRscp 1280
TimeTo Trigger3a 4 (60)
timeTrigg6a 320
setting the 2d threshold to the maximum timeTrigg6b
utranFilterCo efficient3
1280
1
gsmFilterCo efficient3 1
 UeTx power triggering is disabled by setting

filterCo efficient1 3
filterCo eff6 19
the relative filter coefficient to its maximum ueTxP o werThresh6a

ueTxP o werThresh6b
21
18
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo -24
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc -24
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo 1
utranRelThresh3aEcNo -1
TimeTo Trigger2dEcNo 200
TimeTo Trigger2fEcNo 1280
utranRelThreshRscp 5
M RSL
Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP -101

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r RSCP -97
Hando ver fo r RSCP -80
Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -25

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -22
Hando ver fo r EcNo -25
Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r UeTx 18
Hando ver fo r UeTx (RSCP ) -75
P 3/P 4 P o licy
8
 We split 2d events in 2 classes:

 ClassA: 2d events which are followed by either IRAT Handover or event
2f or dropped call
 ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any event or dropped call
(most likely 2d events on short RRC connection for registration)
2d Event count
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
P3 Policy
ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

9

This graph is only reporting
ClassA 2d events
Averall Performance Statistics
Only almost half of the
phones that trigger 2d
actually perform
handover
The majority returns in
100 good coverage either
before CM activation
90 or before handover
80
execution
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

10
It takes around 2.4
seconds for the
UE to enter CM
and start
measuring GSM
In 10% of the
cases the 2f
event happens
before the UE has
time to enter CM In other cases the Ue might be in 50% of the handover need
a connection state where it is not more than 4 seconds to be
possible to enter CM (Signalling, executed, but in general it
or high packet rates). is soon after event 3a
11
 IRAT handover is occurring too early and/or in areas where the radio
environment is changing fast (2d ending in 2f events)
– Lowering handover threshold and increasing time to trigger for 2d
and 2f might help making IRAT handover more efficient
12
Test Case description
 Different test cases have been defined:

– Activate Ec/No based IRAT Handover
– Move RSCP based IRAT Handover to lower coverage areas
– Move Ec/No based IART Handover to more highly interfered areas
– Combine the parameter settings from previous tests cases
– Increase time to trigger (delay decision on when entering compress mode based on
both RSCP and Ec/No)
– Activate UeTx power based handover
– Increase time to trigger (delay decision on when entering compress mode based on
UeTx Power)
– Combine parameter settings from previous test cases (RSCP, Ec/No, UeTx Power)
– Move handover decision based on RSCP to more extreme coverage areas
– In the attached file all test cases are explained
13
Test Case Description – Introducing Ec/No

trigger gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
-95
4
hysteresis2f 4
hysteresis3a 0
 The Ec/No trigger is introduced and

usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp 1
utranRelThresh3aRscp 20
threshold for CM activation is set to -14 TimeTo Trigger2dRscp

TimeTo Trigger2fRscp
320
1280
TimeTo Trigger3a 0
dB. timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
320
1280
utranFilterCo efficient3 2
 The Immediate handover strategy is filterCo efficient1

filterCo efficient2
filterCo eff6
3
2
19
also applied for Ec/No and the 3a ueTxP o werThresh6a

ueTxP o werThresh6b
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo
21
18
-13
threshold is set thigher than the 2d usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc

usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo
utranRelThresh3aEcNo
-12
1
8
threshold TimeTo Trigger2dEcNo

TimeTo Trigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
200
1280
5
M RSL -7
 Ue Tx power triggering is still disabled Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r RSCP
-101
-98
by mean of high filter coefficient values Hando ver fo r RSCP
Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo

-80
-14
Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r UeTx 18
Enabling
Ec/No
14
Test Case Analysis – Introducing Ec/No

trigger
2f or dropped call
 ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any other event (most
likely 2d events on RRC connection only)
2d Event count
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Enabling Ec/No Trigger
ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

15

trigger
This graph is only reporting
ClassA 2d events
Averall Performance Statistics
Only almost half of the
phones that trigger 2d
actually perform
handover
The majority returns in
100 good coverage either
before CM activation
90 or before handover
80
execution
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics

16

trigger
It takes around 2.4
seconds for the
UE to enter CM
and start
measuring GSM
In 10% of the
cases the 2f
event happens
before the UE has
time to enter CM In other cases the Ue might be in 50% of the handover need
a connection state where it is not more than 4 seconds to be
possible to enter CM (Signalling, executed, but in general it
or high packet rates). is soon after event 3a
17

trigger
 Introducing Ec/No trigger at -14 without changing time to trigger values does not give any
significant change. The reason for this is that most of the 2d events are still being
triggered based on RSCP rather than on Ec/No.
Averall Perf. Statistic
(All RBs)
Most of the 2d events

90 are followed by CM
activation in the
80
RSCP case
70
60
Most of the 2d events

50 are followed by 2f
% event in the Ec/No
40 case
30
20
10
0
EcNo RSCP UeTxPower
Triggering Quality

18
Test Case Description – Lowering RSCP

thresholds gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
-95
4
-95
4
hysteresis2f 4 4
hysteresis3a 0 0
usedFreqThresh2dRscp -101 -102
 RSCP thresholds have been lowered usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc

usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp
utranRelThresh3aRscp
-100
20
1
-100
20
1
in two steps of 1 dB each. TimeTo Trigger2dRscp

320
1280
320
1280
TimeTo Trigger3a 0 0
timeTrigg6a 320 320
 Same policy is kept for Ec/No

timeTrigg6b 1280 1280
utranFilterCo efficient3 2 2
gsmFilterCo efficient3 1 1
filterCo efficient1 3 3
 Same Policy is kept for UeTx power

filterCo efficient2 2 2
filterCo eff6 19 19
ueTxP o werThresh6a 21 21
ueTxP o werThresh6b 18 18
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo -13 -13
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc -12 -12
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo 1 1
utranRelThresh3aEcNo 8 8
TimeTo Trigger2dEcNo 200 200
TimeTo Trigger2fEcNo 1280 1280
utranRelThreshRscp 5 5
M RSL -7 -7
Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP -102 -103

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r RSCP -99 -100
Hando ver fo r RSCP -81 -82
Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -14 -14

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -11 -11
Hando ver fo r EcNo -5 -5
Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21 21

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r UeTx 18 18
Hando ver fo r UeTx (RSCP ) -76 -77
Reducing Reducing
RSCP RSCP
thresho ld thresho ld
19

thresholds
2f or dropped call
 ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any other event (most
likely 2d events on RRC connection only)
2d Event count 2d Event count
100% 100%
90% 90%
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 40%
30% 30%
20% 20%
10% 10%
0% 0%
Lowering RSCP Thresholds 1 Lowering RSCP Thresholds 2
ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs) ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)
2d event at -102 dBm 2d event at -103 dBm 20


thresholds
These graphs are only
reporting ClassA 2d events No majour difference between the
Averall Performance Statistics three test cases
2d event at -101 dBm

100 No additional dropped calls
90
80
70
Still the handover is happening
60
either in fast changing
% 50
40 environment
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics
Averall Performance Statistics Averall Performance Statistics
100
2d event at -102 dBm 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
% 50 % 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
Averall Statistics Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
21

thresholds Reducing the RSCP triggering
(All RBs)
does not significantly affect the
90
2d event at -101 dBm unbalance between the amount
80
of handover started due to RSCP
70
and Ec/No reasons.
60
%
50
40
Ec/No triggered handover attempts
30 are mostly generated in fast
20
changing environment
10
0
EcNo RSCP
Triggering Quality
UeTxPower
RSCP triggered attempts are
mostly followed by handover ->
Indoor users? Coverage border
users? Averall Perf. Statistic
(All RBs) (All RBs)
90
80
2d event at -102 dBm 90
80
70 70
60 60
50 50
% %
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
EcNo RSCP UeTxPower EcNo RSCP UeTxPower
Triggering Quality Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm 22
Test Case Description – Delaying TTT and reducing RSCP

threshold
gsmThresh3a -95
hysteresis2d 4
hysteresis2f 4
hysteresis3a 0
 RSCP threshold for event 2d has been

utranRelThresh3aRscp 20
moved to -105 dBm. TimeTo Trigger2dRscp

640
2560
TimeTo Trigger3a 0
timeTrigg6a 640
 Ec/No Threshold is -13 dB timeTrigg6b

utranFilterCo efficient3
gsmFilterCo efficient3
2560
2
1
 UeTx Power trigger is enabled filterCo efficient2

filterCo eff6
ueTxP o werThresh6a
3
3
21
ueTxP o werThresh6b 18
 Time to trigger for the 2d and 6a

usedFreqThresh2dEcNo -12
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc -12
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo 1
events have been increased (640ms)

utranRelThresh3aEcNo 8
TimeTo Trigger2fEcNo 2560
in order to remove false bad radio utranRelThreshRscp

M RSL
20
-6
Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP -105

environment detection Exit Co mpress M o de fo r RSCP
Hando ver fo r RSCP
-102
-84
 Time to trigger for 2f and 6b events

have been increased (2560) in order to Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r UeTx
Hando ver fo r UeTx (RSCP )
21
18
-64
give time to CM activation Extreeme

RSCP (->
keep go o d
Ec/No ) and
UeTx P o wer
23
Test Case Description – Delaying TTT and reducing

RSCP threshold The longer TTT is reducing the
This graph is only reporting amount of false 2d event
ClassA 2d events Averall Performance Statistics
detections: less useless signalling Averall Performance Statistics
and higher IRAT efficiency
2d event at -101 dBm 2d event at -105 dBm
100
TTT2d=320ms; TTT2f=1280 TTT2d=640ms;TTT2f=2560
100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
% 50 % 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
Averall Statistics Averall Statistics
In all these cases the Ue is on a

signalling connection or
packet with higher bitrate
24

threshold
 Even with a 2d threshold for RSCP at -105 most of the IRAT Handover attempts are
based on poor RSCP rather then poor Ec/No or high UeTx Power.
(All RBs)
90
80
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
10
0
EcNo RSCP UeTxPower
Triggering Quality

25

threshold
 Most of the 2d events are triggered while on Speech connection.
RB distribution when Start Measuring 2G
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
%
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
TrigGsmMeasStart
Other Speech PS64/64 PS64/128 PS64/384

26

threshold
Almost all Speech connection perform Packet is triggering handover to When 2d is triggered on packet 64 most of the time the
handover, some other exit CM due to GSM based on Ec/No more handover is performed, in the remaining cases CM
2f event triggering or other reasons than speech (where packet is might be disactivated due to upswitch to higher
present there is more bitrates (with 2d still being fulfilled)
Averall Perf. Statistic Averall Perf. Statistic
(Speech) interference maybe also due (PS64)
to HSDPA)
100 90
90 80
80
70
70
60
60
50
% 50 %
40
40
30
30
20
20
10 10
0 0
TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCm TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCm TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

(PS128) When the UE is on higher (PS384)
bitrates the event 2d is The connection almost Even at -105dBm
90 often followed by a 2f 90 never drops. There is still
80
event. 80 room for
70 70
reduction!!!
In other cases the UE has
60 60
still time to switch
%
50
down to 64 and perform
%
50
40 handover or switch up 40
30 again 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCm TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCm TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm 27

threshold
 Distribution of the time between Rab Establishment and IRAT Handover
60 12
55 11
50 10
45
50% of the handover 9
happen within 9 seconds
40 from the rab 8
establishment.
35 7
Considering that it takes

30 6
around 4 seconds to
25
perform handover from the 5
event 2d, it means that the
20
event is usually triggered 5 4
seconds after the call
15 setup 3
10 2
5 1
0 0
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8.4
8.8
9.2
9.6
10
10.4
TimeRabEstToHo PDF TimeRabEstToHo CDF
28
Full Test Case comparison
Handover Rate and Drop rate
2.5 50
2.25 45
2 40
1.75 35
Handover rate (%)

1.5 30
Drop Rate (%)
1.25 25
1 20
0.75 15
0.5 10
0.25 5
0 0
Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary Summary
Option01 Option02 Option03 Option04 Option06 Option07 Option08 Option09 Option10
Test Case
Sum of Drop Rate due to Speech IRAT Sum of Total Drop Rate due IRAT
Sum of Speech Drop Rate Sum of Total Drop Rate
Sum of Ho Perc Speech1 Sum of Ho Perc Tot1
29
Final Test Case Description –reducing RSCP threshold

further
gsmThresh3a -95
hysteresis2d 4
hysteresis2f 4
hysteresis3a 0
 RSCP threshold for event 2d has been

moved to -107 dBm. utranRelThresh3aRscp

TimeTo Trigger2dRscp
20
640
TimeTo Trigger2fRscp 2560
TimeTo Trigger3a 0
 Ec/No Threshold is -13 dB

timeTrigg6a 640
timeTrigg6b 2560
utranFilterCo efficient3 2
 UeTx Power trigger is enabled

gsmThresh3a -95
filterCo eff6 3
ueTxP o werThresh6a 21
 Time to trigger for the 2d and 6a ueTxP o werThresh6b

usedFreqThresh2dEcNo
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc
18
-13
-13
events have been kept longer (640ms) usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo

utranRelThresh3aEcNo
0
8
in order to remove false bad radio TimeTo Trigger2fEcNo

utranRelThreshRscp
2560
20
environment detection Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r RSCP
Hando ver fo r RSCP
-108
-106
-87
 Time to trigger for 2f and 6b events

have been kept longer (2560) in order Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx

Exit Co mpress M o de fo r UeTx
21
18
to give time to CM activation
30
Final Test Case Results –reducing RSCP threshold further
Small
increase in
drop rate
(0.15%)
Significative
increase in traffic
(45%)
31
Users stay connected longer in 3G than before (MHT
= 15% longer). Notice this is the only RNC where a
significative change in MHT can be observed
32
30% less users move to 2G, again this
is the only RNC where a visible
change in IRAT rate can be observed
33
Final Test Case Results –reducing RSCP threshold

further
Move to 2G at -105 RSCP Move to 2G at -108 dBm
-13 Ec/No -14 Ec/No
60 12
55 11
50 10
45
50% of the handover 9
50% of the handover now
40
happened within 9 8
happens within 14
seconds from the rab seconds from the rab
35 7
establishment. establishment.
30 6
25 5
20 4
15 3
10 2
5 1
0 0
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.4
6.8
7.2
7.6
8.4
8.8
9.2
9.6
10
10.4
TimeRabEstToHo PDF TimeRabEstToHo CDF
34
Final Test Case Results –reducing RSCP threshold

further
 Even with a 2d threshold for RSCP at -107 most of the IRAT Handover attempts are
based on poor RSCP rather then poor Ec/No or high UeTx Power
 Tipical outdoor/indoor and idle/connected coverage
(All RBs) (All RBs)
90 90
80
Move to 2G at -105 RSCP 80 Move to 2G at -108 dBm
70
-13 Ec/No 70 -14 Ec/No
60 60
50 50
% %
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
35
Idle-Mode/Connected Mode IRAT Strategy (3G->2G)
Start measuring GSM in

Connected mode Ec/No>qQualMin (-18)
Idle Ec/No>qQualMin+sRatSearch (-14)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+P (-115/-112)
Small gap in Ec/No

UMTS Cell
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dRscp – hysteresis2d/2 (-
strategy between Idle 101)
and Connected mode
High gap in RSCP

strategy between Idle
and Connected mode
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dEcNo – hysteresis2d/2 (- GSM Coverage

13)
36
Idle-Mode/Connected Mode IRAT Strategy Proposal (3G-

>2G)

Connected mode Ec/No>qQualMin (-18)
Idle Ec/No>qQualMin+sRatSearch (-16)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat (-111/-108)
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dRscp – hysteresis2d/2 (-
108)
UMTS Cell
Small gap in both

Ec/No and RSCP
strategies between
Idle and Connected
mode
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dEcNo – hysteresis2d/2 (- GSM Coverage

13)
37
Idle mode Parameter Investigation
 qHyst1=qHyst2=4dB and treSelection=2s
– This settings increases the probability that late
reselections trigger un-necessary measurements on 2G
During this time the Ue
qHyst2=4dB might reselect GSM even
with Good RSCP coverage
UMTS CellA
Ec/No
UMTS CellB
2s
Measure GSM
 qHyst1=4dB and qHyst2=2dB will reduce the risk keeping

reselection thresholds between 2G and 3G unchanged 38
2G/3G Coverage values
To avoid useless re-selection to 2G we

should move to 2G only when the 2G
signal is 14 dB better than the 3G signal
GSM 900 GSM 1800 EDGE UMTS 3G - 2G
Area Type [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] [dB]
Macro sites for In-train coverage -66.3 -64.3 -65 -72.4 7.4
Dense Urban Macro for Indoor coverage -69.3 -67.3 -68 -81.4 13.4
Urban Macro for Indoor coverage -73.3 -71.3 -72 -85.4 13.4
Suburban Macro for Indoor coverage -73.3 -71.3 -72 -85.4 13.4
Rural Macro for Indoor coverage -77.3 -75.3 -76 -89.4 13.4
Macro for In-car coverage -80.3 -78.3 -79 -93.4 14.4
Macro for Outdoor Coverage only -87.3 -89.3 -88 -102.4 14.4
Indoor site -85 -85 -85 -90.0 5.0
39
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step1 (3G->2G)
A first attempt has been made to reduce the probability for 3G Idle M o de U- >G
qHyst1 4
connections to make false reselections to 2G: qHyst2 2
 Reducing hysteresis for 3G->3G cell reselection (to avoid false

qOffset1sn 15
qOffset2sn 0
GSM reselections) qRxLevM in -115
qQualM in -18
 Increasing the offset towards 2G neighbour cells to take into sRatSearch 2

sHcsRat 4
account the different planning values for coverage measQuantity1 2
 Delaying measurements on 2G (sRatSearch reduction)

maxTxP o werUl 24
Main KPI to monitor performances:
pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCellResel+pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCcOrd
 GtoUReselPerTraffic[%]=100* er
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs+pmTotNoRrcConnectReqPs+pmTotNoRrcConnectReqS
ms
pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCellResel+pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCcOrd
 GtoUReselPerRrc[%]=100* er
pmTotNoRrcConnectReq
40
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step1 (3G->2G) - Results
Connected-Mode/Idle-Mode alignment New Idle Mode

(Connected-Mode parameter change) Settings
First reduction in Second possible
IRAT Reselection reduction: further
monitoring needed
41
Possible problems to be solved
 Indoor/Outdoor coverage mismatch
2G 2G
2G 2G
3G 3G
3G 3G
42
Possible problems to be solved
 Coverage continuity in high traffic environment
3G
2G
3G
43
Idle-Mode camping Strategy (3G->2G/2G->3G)
RSCP+qHyst>GSM_RSSI-qOffset1sn
Ec/No>qQualMin (-18)
Users in Ping-Pong areas will
Ec/No>qQualMin+sRatSearch (-14)
Ec/No>FDDMIN (-10)
move from GSM to UMTS and
back in GSM. They should not
cause signalling because they
are not allowed to camp on cells
Start measuring GSM with that poor RSCP
UMTS Cell
The real Ping-Pong is due to the

absence of hysteresis, users at
the border of the Ping-Pong
Transition to UMTS
areas might continuously reselect
Transition to GSM the two networks where
signalling is generated at every
reselection
GSM Coverage
Ping-Pong Areas
44
Idle-Mode camping Strategy (3G->2G/2G->3G)
 Ping-Pong areas might very well be located at the edge of

UMTS coverage
Ping-Pong area  Release 5 phones should support
RSCPMIN parameter, they will
reselect UMTS only if
Ec/No = FDDMIN Ec/No>FDDMIN and
RSCP>RSCPMIN. Putting
RSCPMIN > qRxLevMin+P will
RSCP = qRxLevMin+P
remove ping pong areas, but
phones seem not to support this
Extended UMTS parameter yet.
Coverage
GSM(Ec/No)
Coverage
45
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Proposal (3G->2G/2G->3G)
 Changing Neighbouring Strategy will create hysteresis
 To prevent un-necessary
Ping-Pong area 3G-2G reselection and
Ec/No = FDDMIN handover the neighbour
relation between the 3G
cell and the cosited GSM
RSCP = qRxLevMin+P
1800 might be removed
Extended UMTS
Coverage (Ec/No) Hysteresis
GSM Coverage
46
 Still a cosited GSM 900 Could be a reason for Ping-Pong Areas
 Starting UMTS
measurements only
Ec/No = FDDMIN when GSM is good will
RSCP = qRxLevMin+P create hysteresis and
Start Measuring
UMTS
prevent Ping-Pong
Extended UMTS Hysteresis

Coverage (Ec/No)
Ping-Pong area
GSM 900
GSM 1800
 QSI could also be used for UMTS only sites

where it is not possible to remove the 2G->3G
neighbour relation 47

Option1
 Summary:
– Border and Core UMTS Sites:
– Keep all 3G->2G relations but remove the co-sited 3G->2G relation to avoid useless reselections or
handover
– Do not remove 3G->2G co-sited relations where 3G is outdoor only and 2G is indoor only or
vice versa or where the 2G is 900!
– Remove all un-necessary 2G->3G relations: keep only the 2G->3G relation with the co-sited if any
or all 2G->3G relations with close neighbouring sites (face-to-face) if no co-sited is available
– For the co-sited GSM activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
– Use qOffset1sn=15 dB for all 2G neighbours
– Use qHyst1=2 dB instead of 4 dB (reduces the risk that late reselections trigger measurements on 2G)
– QSI Activation Strategy:
– If 2G Indoor and 3G Outdoor or vice-versa: QSI=3 (GSM<-86 to measure UMTS)
– If both Indoor or both Outdoor: QSI=10 (GSM>-70 to measure UMTS)
48

Option2
 Summary:
– Border UMTS Sites (as in Option1):
– Keep all 3G->2G relations but remove the co-sited 3G->2G relation to avoid useless reselections or
handover
– For the remaining co-sited GSM activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
– Core UMTS Sites (different from Option1):
– Remove all 3G->2G relations
– If the co-sited GSM is a 900 activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
– Use qOffset1sn=15 dB for all 2G neighbours (as in Option1)
– Use qHyst1=2 dB instead of 4 dB (as in Option1)
– QSI Activation Strategy (as in Option1):
– If 2G Indoor and 3G Outdoor or vice-versa: QSI=3 (GSM<-86 to measure UMTS)
– If both Indoor or both Outdoor: QSI=10 (GSM>-70 to measure UMTS)
49
 In addition to each of the two previous option the parameter SHcsRat should be used to
start measuring GSM also when RSCP get closer to the limit (sHcsRat=4 as a starting
point)
RSCP+qHyst>GSM_RSSI-qOffset1
Ec/No>qQualMin (-18)
Ec/No>qQualMin+sRatSearch (-14)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat (-111/-108)
Start measuring GSM

UMTS Cell
Transition to GSM
GSM Coverage
50
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step2 (2G->3G)
 The proposed parameter settings is an attempt to create Idle M o de G - >U
the required hysteresis in order to reduce the ping-pong QSI 10

FDDQM IN 3
between 2G and 3G cells: F D D Q M IN O F F 0
 trigger start of UMTS measurements based on GSM

F D D R S C P M IN 7
FDDQOFF 0
coverage (QSI) COEXUM TS 1
 Activate the RSCP criteria to come back on UMTS (R12 M easure UM TS when GSM is > -70
mo ve to UM TS if Ec/No is > -8
only phones) mo ve to umts if RSCP is > -100
 Review all neighbour strategies according to the new

M o ve to UM TS when RSCP is greater than GSM + -inf
A llo w reselectio n and HO to UM TS on
recommendations
51
2G->3G Handover Activation Strategy
 The proposed parameter settings is an attempt to activate C o nne c t e d M o de G - >U

QSC 13
2G->3G handover with minimum risk of ping-pong ISHOLEV 0
M RSL 31
handover: COEXUM TS 1
 trigger start of UMTS measurements based on GSM

M easure UM TS when GSM is > -58
M o ve to UM TS if GSM lo ad is higher than 0
M o ve to UM TS if EcNo is better than -9
coverage (QSI) A llo w reselectio n and HO to UM TS on
 Activate the RSCP criteria to come back on UMTS (R12

only phones)
 It might be recommendable to start with higher values of
ISHOLEV to avoid abrupt changes.
52

IRAT Handover Optimization Project

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IRAT Handover Optimization Project

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IRAT Handover Optimization Project

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Background – P3 IRAT Handover

Background – P3 IRAT Handover

 IRAT based on RSCP only and Immediate handover

Background – P4 IRAT Handover

 quality = good if all

bad good bad good good bad

Background – P4 IRAT Handover

UeTx Power: Typically high Ul Interference

Check to be performed on all P4 cells

Admission Margin (R99)

Ec/No = CPICH - L - IN = CPICH - L - (TotTxPower - L) = CPICH -

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

 IRAT based on RSCP only and “immediate

handover” policy usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp

 Ec/No power triggering is almost disabled by TimeTo Trigger2fRscp 1280

 UeTx power triggering is disabled by setting

the relative filter coefficient to its maximum ueTxP o werThresh6a

Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP -101

Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -25

Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

 We split 2d events in 2 classes:

ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy Analysis

Test Case description

 Different test cases have been defined:

Test Case Description – Introducing Ec/No

 The Ec/No trigger is introduced and

threshold for CM activation is set to -14 TimeTo Trigger2dRscp

 The Immediate handover strategy is filterCo efficient1

also applied for Ec/No and the 3a ueTxP o werThresh6a

threshold is set thigher than the 2d usedFreqThresh2dEcNo Drnc

threshold TimeTo Trigger2dEcNo

 Ue Tx power triggering is still disabled Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP

by mean of high filter coefficient values Hando ver fo r RSCP

Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo

Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21

Test Case Analysis – Introducing Ec/No

ClassA 2d Events (All RABs) ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

Test Case Analysis – Introducing Ec/No

TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

Test Case Analysis – Introducing Ec/No

Test Case Analysis – Introducing Ec/No

Most of the 2d events

Most of the 2d events

TrigGsmMeasStart CmAct Trig3a PerfHo Dropped after 2d CmDeAct TrigGsmMeasStopCM TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

Test Case Description – Lowering RSCP

 RSCP thresholds have been lowered usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc

in two steps of 1 dB each. TimeTo Trigger2dRscp

 Same policy is kept for Ec/No

 Same Policy is kept for UeTx power

Enter Co mpress M o de Fo r RSCP -102 -103

Enter Co mpress M o de fo r EcNo -14 -14

Enter Co mpress mo de fo r UeTx 21 21

Test Case Description – Lowering RSCP

2d Event count 2d Event count

2d event at -102 dBm 2d event at -103 dBm 20

Test Case Description – Lowering RSCP

2d event at -101 dBm