Grounded WYE

Common in small business three phase environments

No-Fault Measurements
A – B = 208V Single Phase
B – C = 208V Single Phase
C – A = 208V Single Phase
N – Ground = 0V
A – N/G = 120V Single Phase
B – N/G = 120V Single Phase
C – N/G = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 208V Three phase

Note it is common when using this configuration in small business to supply 120V wiring. When doing so, a single
N & G line is provided for each set of A, B, An C, lines. IE three hots to one neutral

120V is protected by a single circuit breaker

208V Single Phase is protected by two ganged circuit breakers
208V Three Phase is protected by three ganged circuit breakers.

Any phase fault to Ground

*Protection devices activate
*Electrical system de-energizes
Corner-Grounded Delta

No-Fault Measurements
A–B = 240V Single Phase
B–C = 240V Single Phase
C–A = 240V Single Phase
A – N/G = 240V Single Phase
B – N/G = 240V Single Phase
C – N/G = 0V
A-B-C = 240V Three phase

Any phase fault to Ground

*Protection devices activate
*Electrical system de-energizes

Caution Measuring C to Ground will indicate 0V when system is hot

Tap-Grounded Delta

This system is flexible in that it can supply 120V/208V240V single phase as well as three phase 240V

No-Fault Measurements
A–B = 240V Single Phase
B–C = 240V Single Phase
C–A = 240V Single Phase
N–G = 0V
A – N/G = 120V Single Phase
B – N/G = 208V Single Phase
C – N/G = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 240V Three Phase

Any phase fault to Ground

*Protection devices activate
*Electrical system de-energizes
Floating- WYE, Delta, -Tee

Caution For All Floating Configurations- If an intermittent fault to ground should occur, very high voltages
will develop from phase to ground. These voltages can destroy equipment due to insulation failure Also if one leg is
shorted to ground, the system will continue to operate and will revert to a corner grounded system, however neutral and
ground will not be common.

Any Phase fault to Ground

*Phase-to-ground fault detectors activate
*Protections devices may not trip
*System continues to operate

Floating WYE

No Fault Measurements
A – B = 208V Single Phase
B – C = 208V Single Phase
C – A = 208V Single Phase
A – N = 120V Single Phase
B – N = 120V Single Phase
C – N = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 208V Three phase
N – G Note 1
A – G Note 1
B – G Note 1
C – G Note 1

Note 1. These measurements are not fixed, they depend upon the status of system capacitance to ground.
Floating Delta

No Fault Measurements
A – B = 240V Single Phase
B – C = 240V Single Phase
C – A = 240V Single Phase
A-B-C = 240V Three phase
N – G Note 1
A – G Note 1
B – G Note 1
C – G Note 1

There is no 120V single phase with this system.

Note 1. These measurements are not fixed, they depend upon the status of system capacitance to ground.
Floating Tee

No Fault Measurements
A – B = 208V Single Phase Note 2
B – C = 208V Single Phase Note 2
C – A = 208V Single Phase Note 2
A – N = 120V Single Phase
B – N = 120V Single Phase
C – N = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 208V Three phase
N – G Note 1
A – G Note 1
B – G Note 1
C – G Note 1

Note 1. These measurements are not fixed, they depend upon the status of system capacitance to ground.

Note 2. Can be either 208V or 240V depending on the design of the transformer.
Impedance-Grounded System
“Many industrial plants use ungrounded and impedance-grounded distributions systems because these systems operate
through the first ground fault.

Impedance-grounded systems are common in Europe and though less common, may also be encountered in the U S.”

No-Fault Measurements
A – B = 208V Single Phase
B – C = 208V Single Phase
C – A = 208V Single Phase
N – Ground = 0V
A – N = 120V Single Phase
B – N = 120V Single Phase
C – N = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 208V Three phase

Any phase fault to ground

*phase-to-ground detectors activate
*N- Gnd rises to 120V
*Protection devices may not operate
*Phase to Phase outputs are unchanged
*Phase-to-ground potential on the unfaulted phase are 208V
Tap-Grounded Tee

“TEE systems can convert from 2 phases on the transformer primary to 3 phases on the transformer secondary. Tee
systems are found most frequently near Philadelphia but can also be found anywhere in the U S.

No Fault Measurements
A – B = 208V Single Phase Note 1
B – C = 208V Single Phase Note 1
C – A = 208V Single Phase Note 1
A – N/G = 120V Single Phase
B – N/G = 120V Single Phase
C – N/G = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 208V Three phase Note 1

Note 1- Can be either 208V or 240 V, depending on the design of the transformer.

Any phase fault to Ground

*Protection devices activate
*Electrical system de-energizes
Open-Delta “V”

No Fault Measurements
A – B = 2408V Single Phase Note 1
B – C = 240V Single Phase Note 1
C – A = 240V Single Phase Note 1
A – N/G = 120V Single Phase
B – N/G = 208V Single Phase
C – N/G = 120V Single Phase
A-B-C = 240V Three phase Note 1

Note1 “These voltages are typical of Tap-Grounded Delta, but can be unstable under load. A-B voltages in particular
can sag under load. Open-Delta “V” systems are used extensively in the U S.”

Any phase fault to Ground

*Protection devices activate
*Electrical system de-energizes