INVERSION
INVERSION Eg: They are bound to ask us why the order
• English esa normal word order gS&
Subject + verb
Eg: The shape (subject) looked (verb) like an
inverted V.
• Tkc ge bl normal word order (subject + verb)
dks invert (cnyuk) dj nsrs gSa vFkkZr~ igys verb fQj
subject (verb + subject) rks ;g act inversion
dgykrk gSA
English esa inversion eq[;r% nks izdkj ls gksrk gS&
(A) Auxiliary verb before subject
(B) Whole verb before subject
(A) Auxiliary verb before subject
dqN structure ,slh gksrh gS ftuesa auxiliary verb (rFkk
non-auxiliary have o be) dks subject ls fcYdqy
igys j[krsa gSaA
(1) Questions
Questions esa ge inversion dk concept apply djrsa
gSaA
Eg: When is Rex leaving?
• Have you received my letter of July 07?
• How much does the box cost?
• Do you like James Bond?
• Can you tell me the time?
NOTE 1 : Indirect ;k reported questions esa
inversion ugh djrsa gSaA bu questions esa subject
lkekU;r% verb ls igys vkrk gS rFkk auxiliary 'do' o
question mark use ugh gksrs gSaA
Eg: I asked where Julia was.
• He wanted to know when I was leaving.
• I wondered what time the concert was
starting.
NOTE 2 : Formal writing esa tc subject cM+k gks rks
'how' ds lkFk indirect questions esa Hkh inversion
iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Eg: I wondered how reliable was the
information I had been given.
NOTE 3 : dqN sentence questions tSls izrhr gksrs gSa
ysfdu actual esa questions gksrs ugh gSaA bu questions
esa inversion use ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
was cancelled. ()
• They are bound to ask us why did we cancel the
order. ()
NOTE 4 : dqN questions yEcs gksrs gSa ftuesa
inversion initial phrase esa gksrk gSA ;fn fdlh
question esa beginning esa inversion vk pqdk gS rks ml
question esa main part esa nwljk inversion ugh
vk,xkA bu questions dk initial phrase bl izdkj ls
gksrk gS& “could you tell me. . . ” and “would you
mind. . .” etc.
Eg: Would you be so kind as to tell me where the
money is? ()
• Would you be so kind as to tell me where is the
money? ()
NOTE 5 :dqN sentences tks question tSls fn[krsa gSa
but actual esa enquiry djus ds fy, gksrs gSaA buesa
inversion use ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: I wonder if you could tell me when the next
train to Jaipur is due. ()
• I wonder if you could tell me when is the next
train to Jaipur due. ()
(2) Exclamations
Eg: Isn't it cold!
• Hasn't she got lovely eyes!
• Have you got a surprise coming!
'How' and 'what' ds ckn Hkh dHkh&dHkkj inversion
ik;k tkrk gSA
Eg: How beautiful are the flowers!
• What a peaceful place is Jhunjhunu!
(3) May ds lkFk
Wishes esa may, subject ls igys vkrk gSA
Eg: May all your wishes come true!
• May he rot in hell!
(4) Conditional Clauses
Conditional clauses esa if dks gVkdj] auxiliary verb
dks subject ls igys j[kdj Hkh sentence cuk;k tk ldrk
gSA ;g inversion lkekU;r% were, had rFkk should ds
lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Eg: Were she my daughter,. . . (= If she were my
daughter. . . )
• Had I realized what you intended,. . . (= If I had
realized. . . )
• Should you change your mind. . . .(= If you
should change)
• Were I you, I think I would study more for your
exam tomorrow.
• Had I remembered Julia's birthday, she
wouldn't be mad at me now.
• Should you come to Jaipur, you must visit me.
NOTE- Negatives dks contracted form esa iz;qDr
ugh djrs gSaA
Eg: Had we not missed the plane, we would all
have been killed in the crash.
• [Hadn't we missed. . . (x)]
• Had we not spent all our money already,. . .
• [Hadn't we spent. . . (x)]
(5) Negative adverbs ds ckn
;fn dksbZ negative adverb ;k adverbial
expression fdlh clause ds beginning esa
emphasis ds fy, j[kk tkrk gS rks lkekU;r% inversion
iz;qDr gksrk gSA
Eg: Under no circumstances can we cash
cheques.
• Under no circumstances should you leave
the door unlocked.
• Under no circumstances can we accept credit
cards.
NOTE- Under no circumstances ,sls rules dks
describe djus ds fy, iz;qDr gksrk gS tgka dksbZ
exception ugh gksA
Eg: Under no circumstances will prisoners
allowed to give interviews to the media.
bldk normal sentence bl izdkj cusxk&
Prisoners will not be allowed to give interviews
to the media under any circumstances.
• In no way can he be held responsible.
• In no way could I help you with your French
grammar question.
• At no time did she say she would come.
• At no time did the prisoner look as if he might
confess.
• Not until much later did she learn who her real
father was.
• Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.
• On no account should you do anything
without asking me first.
• Not a single word did he say.
(6) Restrictive words tSls& never , seldom,
rarely, little, etc. ds ckn
Never
• Never had she seen such a beautiful sight
before.
• Never have we witnessed such cruel behavior
by one child to another.
• Never in all my life have I seen such a horrible
thing.
• Never ever tell anyone your password.
• Never do I sleep.
Seldom
• Seldom have I seen such a remarkable
creature.
• Seldom had he seen such a beauty.
• Seldom does Rex get invited to parties.
(seldom = rarely)
NOTE- tc seldom dks sentence ds beginning esa
j[krsa gSa rks ge inversion use esa ysrs gSaA
Eg: Seldom have I seen such beautiful work.
bl sentence esa bl Hkko ij emphasis fn;k x;k gS fd
work cgqr beautiful gSA ;g quite formal structure
gSA
;fn sentence dks seldom ls begin ugh djrs rks
normal structure bl izdkj curh&
Eg: I have seldom seen such beautiful work.
Rarely
• Rarely did he pay anyone a compliment.
• Rarely has a debate attracted so much media
attention.
• Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.
NOTE- Rarely ,d adverb gS tc ;g subject ds ckn
vkrk gS rks inversion ugh gksrk gS but tc ;g subject ls
igys vkrk gS rks inversion dk use fd;k tkrk gSA
 inversion okys sentence esa auxiliary verb (do,
does, etc.) iz;qDr gksrh gS] Bhd mlh izdkj tSls
questions esaA ;|fi ;gka inversion okyk sentence
dksbZ question ugh gSA
Eg: John rarely speaks to himself. (normal
sentence)
Rarely does John speaks to himself. (inversion)
Little
• Little did he imagine how dangerous it would be.
• Little did he realize the danger he faced.
• Little did I know that this spelled the end of my
career.
NOTE- bl izdkj ds sentences esa little dk use
negative sense esa fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: Little did she realize that her grandmother
was really a wolf.
bl sentence dk vFkZ gS& ml yM+dh dks fcYdqy Hkh ;g
vglkl ugh Fkk fd mldh grandmother ,d wolf FkhA
(7) So, neither, nor ds ckn
Short answers rFkk similar structures esa bu
words ds ckn auxiliary verb vkrh gS fQj subject.
Eg: Times have changed and so have I.
• Jenifer buys only organic fruit and vegetables,
and so does Rex.
• “I prefer the first version”. “So do we.”
• “I'm hungry.” “So am I.”
NOTE- so dk use negative verbs ds lkFk ugh fd;k
tkrk gSA negative verbs ds lkFk neither, nor ;k
either dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA
Eg: (1) I'm not hungry.
• Neither am I.
• Nor am I.
• I'm not very hungry either.
(2) I don't like cricket.
Neither/ Nor do I.
• He didn't remember and neither did I.
• I hadn't been to New York before and neither
had James.
• She doesn't like them and nor does Rex.
• “I can't understand a word of it”. “Neither can I”.
(8) Nor ds ckn
Nor ds ckn inversion iz;qDr gksrk gSA nor ,d
conjunction gS ysfdu nor dk use nks sentences ds
e/; gh fd;k tkrk gSA nor dk use vU; conjunctions
dh rjg sentence ds fdUgh nks elements (noun,
pronoun, etc.) ds e/; ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: John cannot speak Sanskrit nor can Ramu
kaka speak French.
• The zoo regulations will not permit you to touch
the animals, nor would most people advise
you to do so.
• No one has volunteered for the job, nor do we
expect anyone to volunteer in the future.
(9) Comparatives
bl type dk inversion rc iz;qDr gksrk gS tc ge verb ds
subjects dks compare djrsa gSaA
tc ge verb ds objects dks compare djrsa gSa rc
normal rFkk inversion nksuks sentence cuk ldrs gSaA
Eg: I like apples more than I do mangoes. ()
• I like apples more than do I like mangoes. ()
bu nksuks sentences esa ge objects (apples and
mangoes) dks compare dj jgsa gSaA
tc ge subjects dks compare djrsa gSa rc inversion
vfuok;Z gksrk gSA
Eg: I like apples more than does my friend
James. ()
I like apples more than my friend James does. ()
;gka ge subjects (I rFkk my friend James) dks
compare dj jgsa gSaA
Eg: Cheetas run faster than do antelopes.
• You speak French better than do I.
• Jessica is more interested in Computer Science
than is Pamela.
• City dwellers have a higher death rate than do
country people.
(10) Intro comparative
Tkc comparative sentence dh 'kq:vkr esa vkrk gS rFkk
be-verb vk;s rc inversion iz;qDr gksrk gSA ftl thing
dks compare djrsa gS og be-verb dk compliment
gksrh gSA /;ku jgs& less than Hkh ,d comparative gSA
 Eg: Bigger than an Apatosaurus is the Blue • Only after her death was I able to appreciate
Whale. her.
• More important than your personal statement • Only after the meeting did I realize the
is your GPA. importance of the subject.
• No less impressive than the invention of the • Only later did she really think about the
laser was the development of the wheel. situation.
(11) tc ,d ?kVUkk nwljh ?kVuk ds ckn ?kfVr gksrh gS rc • Only in this way could John earn money to
hardly, scarcely, no sooner ds ckn inversion use survive.
gksrk gSA tks ?kVuk igys ?kfVr gqbZ gks mlds fy, past • Only at night can I study.
perfect tense iz;qDr gksrk gSA (13) fuEUk expressions esa inversion, sentence ds
Hardly second part esa use gksrk gSA
• Hardly had I begun to speak when I was Not until
interrupted.
• Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I
• Hardly had I arrived when trouble started. really believe he was safe.
• Hardly had he stepped outside when it started • Not until I heard my name did I believe I had
to rain. won the race.
Scarcely • Not until he received her letter did he fully
• Scarcely had we started our meal when the understand her feelings.
phone rang. Not till
• Scarcely had he stepped outside when it • Not till I got home did I realize my wallet was
started to rain. missing.
No sooner Not since
• No sooner had I arrived than they all started to • Not since Julia left college had she had such a
argue. wonderful time.
• No sooner had he stepped outside than it Only after
started to rain.
• Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why
NOTE- tc dksbZ adverb fdlh whole phrase dks she wanted to live there.
modify djs rHkh inversion gksrk gS tc adverb fdlh
• Only after he arrived at the airport did he look
noun dks modify djs rc inversion iz;qDr ugh gksrk gSA for his passport.
Eg: Hardly anyone passed the exam. Only when
• Hardly a day goes by without my thinking of • Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.
her. (= I think of her almost every day.)
• Only when the plane landed safely did he calm
• Only Rex knew the answer to the question. down.
(12) Only + time expression ds ckn
Only by
Tkc only fdlh sentence dks begin djrk gS rks be, do
• Only by working extremely hard could we
rFkk have subject rFkk main verb ls igys iz;qDr gksrs gSaA afford to eat.
Eg: Only then did she realize the stress he was • Only by threatening extreme physical violence
under.
was the teacher able to control the class.
• Only then did I understand what she meant.
 Only if
• Only if you look through this dark glass will you
be able to see the spots on the sun.
Only later
• We accepted the invitation. Only later did we
suspect it might be a trap.
(14) As
Tkc as dks nks things ds e/; similarity crkus ds fy,
iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rc Hkh inversion fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: Toyota is from Japan, as is Mitsubishi.
• James wants to leave early today, as does John.
• If thrown into the water, camels can swim, as
can cats.
• She's very tall, as is her mother.
• She was very religious, as were most of her
friends.
(15) “so + adjective…that”
bl sentence esa so + adjective ds ckn inversion
use fd;k tkrk gSA bl type ds inversion esa so . . . that
. . . clause, verb ls igys vkrk gSA
Eg: So beautiful was the girl that nobody could
talk of anything else.
(Normal sentence- The girl was so beautiful
that nobody could talk of anything else.)
• So delicious was the food that we ate every last
bite.
(Normal sentence- The food was so delicious
that we ate every last bite.)
• So happy was I that I bought flowers for
everybody in class.
• So excited were they that they couldn't sit still.
NOTE : such dks so great ls replace Hkh fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
Eg: Such was their excitement that they began
to jump up and down.
• So great was their excitement that they began
to jump up and down.
(16) Not only…….but
• Not only did we lose our money, but we were
nearly killed.
• Not only is she a great dancer but she is also an
amazing mathematician.
NOTE- ;fn adverbial, subject ls igys ugh vkrs gSa rks
inversion possible ugh gSA
Eg: She is not only a great dancer but she is also
an amazing mathematician.
Not only…….also
• Not only was the car slow, it was also very
uncomfortable.
NOTE- not far rFkk not long ds ckn inversion use
ugh fd;k tkrk gSA
Eg: Not far from here you can see forces. ()
• Not far from here can you see forces. ()
• Not long after that she got married. ()
• Not long after that got she married. ()
(17) Be-verbs (is, am, are, was, were etc.)
bl type dk inversion eq[;r% be-verbs ds lkFk vkrk
gS rFkk tks phrase vkrh gS oks be-verbs dk
compliment gksrh gSA
Eg: Lost among the old tables and chairs was
the priceless Victorian desk.
• Located between San Francisco and Marin
Country is the Golden Gate Bridge.
• Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street, the
so-called crookedest street in the world.
(18) Intro -ing phrase
bl izdkj ds sentences ing phrase ls start gksrs gSa rFkk
;g inversion dsoy be-verbs ds lkFk iz;qDr gksrk gSA
bu sentences esa ing phrase be-verb dk
complement gksrk gSA
Eg: Burning out of control was the forest
located in the foothills of the Aravali mountains.
• Coming in last in the race was Joe.
• Not helping the situating was little Juli, who
was throwing newspaper on the spreading fire.
(19) Intro adjective
Tkc ge fdlh adjective ls sentence start djrsa gSa rc
Hkh inversion iz;qDr gksrk gSA ;g inversion 'be-
verbs' ds lkFk use gksrk gSA
Eg: Beautiful beyond belief was my baby
daughter.
• Happy about their acceptance into dream
schools were Rex and James.
• Quick and painless will be your medical
procedure.
• Blessed are the children who are still unaware
of what the future holds.
• Gone are the days when I could have been
happy.
bl sentence esa past participle (Gone) adjective
dh Hkkafr iz;qDr gqvk gSA
• The closer an object is to another object, the
greater is the gravity between the two objects.
(20) Emphasis
Eg: Boy am I hungry.
• Is it ever hot in here!
• Do you know how to cook!
• The soldier strong
(B) Whole verb before subject
(1) Adverbial expression of place ds ckn
Tkc adverbial expressions of place or direction,
clause ds beginning esa vkrsa gSa rks intransitive
verbs lkekU;r% subject ls igys vkrh gSA bl type ds
sentences esa lkekU;r% oks verbs vkrh gSa tks direction
;k movement n'kkZrh gSa tSls& come, go, run etc.
Eg: Into the room ran the lady.
• First comes love, then comes marriage.
• After A comes B, then comes C, next comes D.
fdlh indefinite subject dks introduce djokus ds fy,
,slk fd;k tkrk gSA ;g structure literary rFkk
descriptive writing esa common gSA
Eg: Under a tree was lying one of the biggest
men I had ever seen.
• On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.
• On the grass sat on an enormous frog.
• Directly in front of them stood a great castle.
• Along the road came a strange procession.
• Round the corner came the knights.
(2) Here ds lkFk
• Here comes James Bond!
• Here's the money I promised you.
• Here is some good food for you to try.
• Here are the books that I don't need anymore.
(3) There ds lkFk
bl inversion esa there ds lkFk eq[;r% fuEu verbs
ziz;qDr gksrh gSa& is, are, exist, come, go etc.
• There is a good restaurant nearby.
• There goes the last bus. (= we've just missed it.)
• There goes the phone (= it's ringing).
• There goes your career! (= your career is
ruined).
• I opened the door and there stood Michael
Jackson, all covered in mud.
• She looked out and there was Pamela
Anderson, walking along arm in arm with
Goldie.
• There comes a time in every person's life when
he realizes that he is responsible for his own
happiness, not other people.
• Scientists hypothesize that there exist a
certain type of particle that can travel faster
than the speed of light.
NOTE- tc subject pronoun gks rks ;g verb ls igys
iz;qDr gksrk gSA
• Eg: Here she comes. ()
• Here comes she. ()
• There he goes. ()
• There goes he. ()
(4) Reporting or story-telling
Story-telling esa subject lkekU;r% reporting verb
tSls& said, asked, suggested etc ds ckn vkrk gSA
• “What do you mean?” asked Rex.
• “I love you,” whispered Jan.
• “It's time for you, but not for me,” replied James.
Tkc subject dksbZ pronoun gks rks ;g verb ls igys vkrk gSA
• 'What do you mean?' he asked.
(5) Short adverbs rFkk adverb practices ds ckn
Eg: I stopped the car, and up walked a
policeman.
• The door opened and out came Angela's
boyfriend.