Safety and Hazardous

Materials

1
 INTRODUCTION
Key Points
• Hazardous materials are potentially
dangerous
g if not handled p
properly
p y
• Know what you are handling
• Know the hazards associated with the
material
• K
Know th
the measures you can ttake
k tot
protect yourself and others

2
 INTRODUCTION
Regulatory Requirements
• OSHA - employee safety - hazard
communication
• ESH - environmental safety and health
• DOT - transportation safety - shipping
& receiving
g requirements
q

3
 HAZARD COMMUNICATION
• The purpose of this standard is to
communicate information about hazardous
materials/chemicals to employees so they
can work safely
• A hazardous materials/chemical means any
material/chemical which is a pphysical
y hazard
(flammable, reactive, explosive, etc
etc..) or a
health hazard (exposure results in acute or
chronic health effects
• Training must be provided upon initial
employment and when new hazards are
introduced into the workplace
4
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Effects of Exposure
• ACUTE - direct threat that shows up
almost immediatelyy after exposure
p such
as burns from contact with a corrosive
chemical
• CHRONIC - usually result from
repeated exposure that occurs over
months or years and includes cancer
and some allergic reactions
5
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Routes of Exposure

•INHALATION
•ABSORPTION
•INGESTION
•INJECTION
6
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Hazard Identification

•MSDS’s
•LABELS
7
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
MSDS’s
• Chemical information sheets that include
chemical ID,, physical
p y characteristics,,
hazardous ingredients, health hazards,
handling
gpprecautions,, first aid,, reactivityy
data and control procedures
• Must have a sheet for every hazardous
chemical on site and must be accessible
to every employee
8
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
LABELS
• All containers must be properly labeled
• Labels on original
g containers must
include the identity of the material,
appropriate hazard warnings and
manufacturer information
• Labels on secondary containers must
include identity and appropriate hazard
warning

9
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
LABELS
• Appropriate hazard warnings include
hazard classes or a descriptive
p
statement of the hazards.
• Whichever method is employed
employed, it must
be used consistently throughout the
labs and all workers must be familiar
with the method.

10
11
12
 HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Personal Protecti
Protective
e Eq
Equipment
ipment
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must
be provided when necessary by reason of
hazards encountered that are capable of
causing injury or impairment
• PPE is not a substitute for engineering, work
practice, and/or administrative controls
• Use of PPE does not eliminate the hazard so
if the equipment fails then exposure occurs
• Must be worn to provide protection

13
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Material/Chemical Storage
• Containers should be inspected
periodically and at least annually to assure
container and label integrity
• Secondary containment can prevent
serious spills and subsequent reactions
• All hazardous materials must be stored
accordingg to compatibility
y so that
accidental mixing does not occur (applies
to gas cylinders as well)

14
 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Shipping & Receiving Requirements

• All hazardous materials must be

prepared in accordance with the
appropriate federal Hazardous
Materials Regulations.

15
 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Shipping & Receiving Requirements
• A “hazardous material” is a substance
or material that has been determined to
be capable of posing an unreasonable
risk to health
health, safety and property when
transported in commerce
• A “ha
“hazmat
mat emplo
employee”
ee” is an
anyone
one who
ho
directly affects hazardous materials
transportation safet
safety
16
 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Shipping & Receiving Requirements
• Hazardous material must be properly
classed, described, packaged, marked,
labeled, and in condition for shipment
• Ensure that the material offered for
shipment is neither “forbidden” nor
“prohibited” from transportation
• Know exactly what you are shipping and
receiving - If in doubt STOP

17
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Training Requirements
• All hazmat employees must receive
initial training
g and p
periodically
y retrained
at least every 3 years
• Initial training must be within 90 days of
employment
• Employees must be tested and training
certification must be documented

18
 CLASSIFICATION AND
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS
• Application of applicable regulations begins with
classification of the material
• H
Hazardous
d M
Materials
t i l are grouped d iinto
t 9 primary
i
hazard classes
• Some of these hazard classes have subdivisions
• Properly describing a hazardous material not
only communicates the presence of a hazardous
material, but also establishes the specific
emergency actions to take in an emergency
19
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIALS
The Hazardous Materials Table
• Describes the requirements that applies to
each shipment of a hazardous material
• The description includes:
-proper shipping name
-hazard class or division number
-identification number

20
 Material Classification
HAZARD CLASSES
C SS S
Class 1: Explosives
p
Class 2: Gases
Class 3: q
Flammable Liquids
Class 4: Flammable Solids
Class 5: Oxidizingg Substances
Class 6: Poisons
Class 7: Radioactive Materials
Class 8: Corrosive Materials
Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous
Materials 21
 Material Classification
Class 1 - Explosive Hazards
• Explosions are very fast chemical
reactions which release large
g qquantities
of gas.
• Explosives include:
• sporting ammunition
• blasting charges and detonators
• fireworks

22
 Material Classification
Class 2 - Compressed Gases
• A compressed gas has a physical
hazard due to the increased pressure
under which the chemical is maintained.
• Compressed gases include:
• oxygen
• nitrogen
• compressed air
• acetylene
23
 Material Classification
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
• Flammable liquids, as the name implies,
are liquids
q which burn.
• Flammable liquids include:
• gasoline
• alcohols
• solvents such as benzene

24
 Material Classification
Class 4 - Other Flammable Hazards
• Other flammable hazards include:
• flammable solids
• self
self--reactive substances
• substances which
which, in contact with water
water,
emit flammable gases

25
 Material Classification
Cl
Class 5 - Oxidizers/Organic
O idi /O i
Peroxides
• These are chemicals which will
accelerate combustion.
• Examples
p include:
• sodium chlorate
• hydrogen peroxide
• methyl ethyl ketone

26
 Material Classification
Cl
Class 6 - Toxic
T i & Infectious
I f ti
Agents
• Health hazards include those products
and materials which have an adverse
effect on humans and animals.
• Examples include:
• pesticides
p
• tissue/blood samples

27
Material Classification
Class 7 - Radioactive
Materials

28
 Material Classification
Class 8 - Corrosives
• Corrosive materials will react
chemically
y with steel,,
aluminum or skin.
• Examples include:
• acids such as hydrochloric
• alkaline materials such as
sodium hydroxide
• gases such as chlorine and
ammonia 29
 Material Classification
Class 9 - Miscellaneous
Hazards
• Don’t readily fall into the other
categories.
t i
• Examples include:
• substances with noxious odor
• substances which are magnetic
g
• dry ice

30
 SPECIAL HAZARDS

•Compressed Gases

31
PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS
Q

• Packaging m
must
st be ssufficient
fficient to ens
ensure
re
containment of the material throughout
transportation
• In most cases, hazardous materials must be
packaged in “performance
performance packaging”
packaging consisting
of inner receptacles; cushioning and absorbent
materials; and an outer packaging that has been
designed, manufactured, and certified for
containment of specific hazardous material
classes
l and
d packing
ki groups.
32
All Packaging
P k i
• Meet DOT requirements
• Marked with the proper
shipping name & ID
number
• Tested & approved prior
to use
• Include manufacturer’s
marking
33
 ALL LABELS
• Durable
• Weather-
W th -resistant
Weather i t t
• Contrasting background or border
• Displayed next to each other if more
than one required
• Unobscured
• On two sides
excluding bottom
34
 Labeling
• Hazard warning notices that include the hazard
class and division of hazard
• Labels identifyy the
primary and subsidiary
hazards of materials and
are applied to the outside
of packages of hazardous Primary Subsidiary
h
hazard
d h
hazard
d
materials
• Class number is covered on subsidiary hazard

35
M ki
Markings

• Markings
M ki mustt iinclude
l d att lleastt th
the
following g information:
• Proper shipping name and ID number
• Technical name
name, if required
required.
• Name and address
• Orientation markings for liquids 36
 ALL MARKINGS
• Durable
• In English
• Unobscured
Unobsc red
• Sharp Contrasting Background
• Away
y from other Markings
g
37
DO NOT ACCEPT
IF NOT
PROPERLY
MARKED
AND LABELED !
38
SHIPPING & RECEIVING
REQUIREMENTS
• When in doubt about requirements,
contact your shipping agency for
assistance to assure compliance
• Contact them prior to shipment
• Trained hazardous materials specialists
are available to help in packaging
preparation and documentation
requirements.

39
Manual Handling Operations

Carrying, pushing & lifting

C f
Use aids where practicable
Repetition should be avoided
Do not over stretch
Inform & train
No obstructions
Use PPE
I l
Implement t correctt lifting
lifti procedure
d
40
 Emergency Procedures
Prevention of Spills &
Leaks
• Read labels and material safety data
sheets
h t so you kknow what h t you are
dealing with and how to protect
yourself before there is an emergency
• Use proper containers
• Inspect
p containers regularly
g y to make
sure they are in good condition
• Follow proper procedures when using
andd ttransferring
f i substances
b t
41
 Emergency
e ge cy Procedures
ocedu es
At all times, have the following information
available AWAY from the material:
• Immediate health hazards
• Risks of fire and exposure
p
• Immediate precautions needed in case
of an accident
• Initial methods for handling spills/leaks
in absence of fire
• Preliminary first aid measures
• Emergency response phone number
42
 Emergency Procedures
• Identify material by using labels
labels, markings
markings,
shipping papers, MSDS’s or Emergency
Response Guidebook and contact ESH
committee.
itt
• If properly trained, contain spill by using
absorbent materials on hand
hand, avoiding
contact with skin, eyes and clothing
• Shut doors of the room or area and prohibit
p
entry
• If necessary sound the fire alarm and
evacuate t
43
44
45
46
When
e ca
calling
geemergency
e ge cy pe
personnel,
so e , tthe
e
following information should be given:

• Name and department

• L
Location
ti off emergency
• Substance name
• Size of spill
• Approximate
pp rate of flow
• Actions taken to control spill

47
First Aid

Appointed person/s
First aid boxes containing:
Information leaflet
Wrapped plasters
Eye pads
Bandages
Dressings
Safety pins
Latex gloves
No tablets/medication 48
 The Fire Precautions
(Workplace)

Fire needs fuel,, oxygen

yg & heat
Preventative measures
Fire exits must be provided
p
Fire alarms (regular checks)
Fire p
points & drills
Fire extinguishers
g g in book
Signing
49
Important
p

Helps to prevent accidents

Saves lives
Saves money? y
Compliance with the law
Help to prevent disabilities
PPE isi ffree
Protects visitors
Raises awareness
Gives employees rights
Shared responsibility
First aid kits are compulsory 50