(C* Chap tee D_ Fegeher 1g) + 3Ch(g) > 2ICh() ‘What isthe equilibrium constant expression for the reaction above? A cl bt LOE = Cl fo TCs fon 2 kp le a Bh fete = kL x anc? iIO.F (Total 1 marl, In the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia, what effects does the catalyst have? pomp [Rate of formation of Nig) [ Amount of NH@) formed ] 4} rate td I Tnoreases Tnereases il aree | Tncreases Decreases No change 1a [ Increases (No change L No change Increases (Total 1 mark) ‘Which statement is always true for a chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium? A B. c D. The yield of product(s) is greater than 50%. ‘The rate of the forward reaction is greater than the rate of the reverse reaction. ‘The amounts of reactants and products do not change. ‘Both forward and reverse reactions have stopped. tes ac€ 5 Mo. 08 a > eq (Total 1 mark)4. D 5 Which changes cause an increase in the equilibrium yield of SO3(g) in this reaction? Bel gas 2 mel gas 280,(g) + 6,(@) <= 2803) AH? =-196 kt increasing the pressure TI, decreasing the temperature TI. adding oxygen A. [and Ionly (@ tend only Mand I only 1, and I (Total 1 mark) “The equation for a reversible reaction used in industry to convert methane to hydrogen is shown below. CHL(g) +H,0(@) <> C018) +38(@) AHP = #21015 ‘Which statement is always correct about this reaction when equilibrium: ‘has been reached? ‘A. The concentrations of methane and carbon monoxide are equal. B. The rate of the forward reaction is greater than the rate of the reverse reaction. ‘The amount of hydrogen is three times the amount of methane. ‘The value of AH® for the reverse reaction is -210 kJ. (Total 1 mark)Bg 6. What will happen if CO,(g) is allowed to escape from the following reaction mixture at equilibrium? (COp(g) + #00) <=> H’(aq) + HCO; (aq) ‘A. The pHi will decrease. : ‘The pH will increase. C. The pH will emain constant D. ‘The pH will become zero. (Total 1 mark) 7. What will happen to the position of equilibrium and the value of the equilibrium constant when D the temperature is increased in the following reaction? Bro(g) +Ch(g) => 2BrCl(g) AH= +140 Position of equilibrium ‘Value of equilibrium constant PC | Shifts towards the reactants Decreases 33 _| Shifts towards the reactants Increases c. | Shifts towards the products Decreases D. | Shifts towards the products Tnoreases (Total 1 mark) pr 8. _Inthe reaction below MQ +3 <= N@ —-AH= 92 which of the following changes will ineregse the amount of ammonis at equilibrium? I. Tnoreasing the pressure L~ TL Increasing the temperature X_ (Faye endothermic ~ everse) TIL Adding a catalystD 9. 10. pop ‘Which statement conceming a chemical reaction at equilibrium is not correct? A B. ce} D. Tonly Tand If only Wand IM only ‘The concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. a Equilibrium can be approached from both directions. ‘The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. _ All reaction stops. 280x(g) + 02 (@) S 280,18) AEP = 200 I (fotal 1 mark) (Total 1 mark) ‘According to the above information, what temperature and pressure conditions produce the ‘greatest amount of SO3? 7a Ae ‘Temperature Pressure low low low high high high high low (Total 1 mark)11. (@) An industrial gas mixture is produced by the catalytic reforming of methane using steam. CHi(g) + H20(g) <* CO(e) + 3HA(@) AH= +206 1d ‘By circling the appropriate letter(s) below, identify the change(s) that would shift the position of equilibrium to the right. ~: @) increasing the temperature B decreasing the temperature C increasing the pressure D - adding a catalyst ©) decreasing the pressure F increasing the concentration of Hy @ (®) The following graph represents the change of concentration of reactant and product during a reaction. : 07 06 0s 04 [reactant] or (preduet]/ 93 ‘mol dm 02 oa CO) Time /sby +t (@ Calculate the average rate of reaction over the first 15 s, stating the units. ® i) After 19 s the concentrations of the reactant and product do not change. State what ‘this indicates about the reaction. (otal 6 marks) 12. The table below gives information about the percentage yield of ammonia obtained in the Haber process under different conditions. Pressure! ‘Temperature/*C atmosphere 200 300, 400, 500 10 30.7 147 39 12 100 817 525 25.2 106 200 89.1 66.7 388 183 300 39.9 Ta 471 244 400 94.6 97 55.4 319 600 95.4, 84.2 65.2 423@ ) From the table, identify which combination of temperature and pressure gives the highest yield of ammonia. bLL2 a ‘The equation for the main reaction in the Haber process is o ‘Na(g) + 3H:(g) > 2NH3(g) ‘AHis negative ‘Use this information to state and explain the effect on the yield of ammonia of increasing ©) presue:. 7) haereast.. Pht tent = ammonla. because of, ys LA. ICI RAE NG. Pees S$. @ @® ® In practice, typical conditions used in the Haber process are a temperature of 500 °C and a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Explain why these conditions are used rather than those ‘that give the highest yield. ®(@ Write the equilibrium constant expression, K,, for the production of ammonia, Ewha a (Fotal 8 marks) 13. (a) The following equilibrium is established at 1700°C. COx{g) + Ha(e) > HzO) CO) Ifonly carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas are present initially, sketch on a graph a line representing rate against time for (i) the forward reaction and (ji) the reverse reaction until shortly after equilibrium is established. Explain the shape of each line, (©) Kefor the equilibrium reaction is determined at two different temperature. At 850°C, K,= 1 whereas at 1700°C, Ke= 49. @ yotbormic > mort pre haek procbuced J On the basis ofthese K-values explain whee the reaction isexothemic ar Alger tem \ perashurg endothermic. e) ed # bale @ ((Potal 10 marks) feve 05e Time Sorwmaed 2 He top line because 1} stects O fhe highest rate Cid once Neollistons) anc He rate olecreases as reactants are used “p. 4 reverse? opposite of previous ane BP"