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Dallas Eason

Ms. Jizi

UWRT 1103-012

8 April 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Healy, Michelle. “Popularity Increases Bullying Risk.” USA Today, 1 Apr. 2014, p. 06b.

Academic Search Complete [EBSCO]. I learned from this source that popularity,

although often not associated with social exclusion, can share many of its effects in

today's youth society. Popular children are likely to be socially excluded for not being

socially excluded. Children who feel marginalized are more likely to marginalize other

children who do not share their experience - leading to many of the same long-term

effects that come with loneliness.

This source took a little extra effort to ensure its credibility. One of the most

striking features of this article is that it was published on April Fool's Day. Lots of news

reporting stations and magazines notoriously publish fake articles on this date to see how

gullible their readers truly are. In an effort to combat this, I dug a little deeper to make

sure that everything checked out. The research mentioned in the article is real research.

Diane Felmlee, who conducted the research on popularity and social exclusion, is a

professor of sociology at Pennsylvania State University. The research is recent and

published in a credible newspaper.

Lempinen, Lotta, et al. “Loneliness and Friendships among Eight-Year-Old Children: Time-

Trends over a 24-Year Period.” Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 2,

Feb. 2018, pp. 171–179. Academic Search Complete [EBSCO], doi:10.1111/jcpp.12807.

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This article followed children over the course of a 24 year study. Its purpose was to

identify long-term psychological effects of loneliness. I learned that children raised in

non-nuclear family environments, who have experienced traumatic life events, and who

have parents without vocational training or education are more likely to carry the

symptoms of loneliness with them. A staggering 25% of children in this study reported

that they wished they had more friends. Loneliness is an epidemic.

This source should be considered credible. It was published very recently and the

authors are affiliated only with organizations, including The Department of Child

Psychology at the University of Turku, Finland, who have the interest of the studies'

participants in mind. All of the authors are qualified to be writing on this source.

Paskell, Caroline. Developing Strategies to Deal with Trauma in Children. 1st ed., vol. 1, IOS

Press, 2005. Academic Search Complete [EBSCO]. This source is helpful in answering

my inquiry question because it addresses some more of the psychological effects that

social exclusion can leave on children. This particular source relates loneliness with

misbehavior. Children who are more socially outcast are of a significantly higher

likelihood to misbehave or act delinquently.

This source should be considered credible. It was published less then twenty years

ago, which is relatively recently, although not as recent as some of my other sources. The

author, Caroline Paskell, has a Ph.D. in Social Policy and worked with the Centre for

Analysis of Social Exclusion at the London School of Economics. Her research appears

to be unbiased.

Schriber, Roberta A, et al. “Do Hostile School Environments Promote Social Deviance by

Shaping Neural Responses to Social Exclusion?” Journal of Research on Adolescence

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(Wiley-Blackwell), vol. 28, no. 1, Mar. 2018, pp. 103–120. Academic Search Complete

[EBSCO], doi:10.1111/jora.12340.

The journal authors performed a study where they analyzed the reactions to social

exclusion of adolescents in grades 9-11. It was interesting to read that the close-

knittedness of a child's family life had some bearing on whether or not the child's neural

pathways were as affected by social exclusion than their peers in a different familial

situation. Students with a stronger family life were generally less affected by the

exclusion simulation.

This source should be considered credible. Funding for this research and journal

publication was provided by the National Science Foundation, National Institute of

Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, and The University of California,

Davis. These are large, nationally recognized institutions renowned for their dedication to

research on human health. The primary author, Roberta Schriber has a Ph.D. in

social/personality psychology and is qualified to have performed this study and written

the journal. The journal itself is peer reviewed and very recent.

Shulevitz, Judith. “The Lethality of Loneliness.” New Republic, 27 May 2013, pp. 22–29.

Academic Search Complete [EBSCO]. This relates to my inquiry question about the

effects of loneliness in children quite well. The article talks about the severely harmful

psychological effects that come with loneliness. In some cases, prolonged and/or severe

social exclusion can limit a person's ability to fend off disease. This article shows that

there are physical effects that come with loneliness, which is often perceived as being

purely psychological.
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This source should be considered credible. New Republic is, admittedly, a left-

leaning magazine, but that has no bearing on the information I used for my inquiry

because it is largely non-political. The article's author, Judith Shulevitz, graduated from

Yale in 1986 and has written for other credible sources such as The New York Times.

Moreover, this article was written within the past five years so all of the information is

up-to-date.