Distillation Technique and To Determine The

Experiment 1B:
Boiling Point of A Liquid

Course Code: CHM 207

Group Member:

Name Matrix no.

AZMIR NURHAKIM MOHD ZAWAWI 2017256812

Date of experiment: 23 March 2018

Date of submission: 6 April 2018

Lectures’ Name: En. Muhd Hafiz Yaakub

Objective:
 To learn the technique of distillation and boiling point determination

Introduction:
 Simple distillation is the separation of a volatile liquid from a non-volatile
substance. When there is two or more mixture of volatile liquids with different
boiling point needed to be separate, distillation is termed as fractional
distillation. For liquid with boiling point greater then 250 ⁰C, vacuum distillation
will be choose instead to avoid decomposition of the liquid. This because the
boiling point of a compound could be lowered when applied pressure is reduce
.Water condenser is be used instead. The diagram of a simple distillation
apparatus is show below.

Experiment 2:
 Distillation technique and to determine the boiling point of a liquid

Objective:
 To learn the techniques of distillation and boiling point determination.

Chemicals:
 30% of ethanol inwater
 Boiling chips (5-6 pieces)

Procedure:
1. The round bottom flask was filled with 25ml of 30% ethanol. Few boiling chips
was added.
2. A simple distillation apparatus was set up as shown in diagram. The
thermometer was put into the the thermometer pocket.
3. The liquid was heated at constant rate during the boiling, which was until the
distillation rate was about 2-3 drops per second.
4. A stable temperature was recorded as the boiling point of the liquid to be
distilled.
5. The ethanol collected was measured after distillation.
6. The percentage yield of recovery was calculated.
Questions:

1. Draw the appratus needed for distillation.

(gambar ihsan google)

2. Explain why we need to use boiling chips in the distillation process.

 Boiling chips absorb the heat and temperature will increase. Because
of the chips has higher temperature than liquids, then the liquid that
contacts with surface of boiling chips will boils. If a liquid is heated, it
may go to temperature above its boiling point, resulting in sudden
spurt. To avoid this spurting, boiling chips are added.

3. Ethanol have higher boiling point than propane. Draw the structure of
ethanol and propane in your explaination.
 Ethanol Propane

 Ethanol forms bonds between oxygen and hydrogen molecule whereas

propane form only hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are weaker than
hydro-oxi bonds thus it takes more heat to break O-H bond than H-H
bonds.
4. What is the thereotical value of ethanol’s boiling points? Compare the
value with your experimental value of boiling point. Explain why it is
different.
o The thereotical value is 78˚C while experimental value is 79˚C. During
the distillation, at 92% ethanol-water mixture forms azeotrope which
hampers further distillation. So ethanol can be made 100% pure.
Result & Data:

A: Record a stable temperature as the boiling point of the liquid to be distilled

Range of stable temperature (˚C)

Start 78

End 85

Boiling point of ethanol : 82 ˚C

B: Calculation of percentage of ethanol recovered

Volume (ml)

30
Initial volume of ethanol in 25ml × 100 % = 7.5
100

Volume of ethanol collected after

7.0
distillation

7.0
Calculation of ethanol after distillation × 100 % = 93%
7.5
DISCUSSION
Distillation is a traditional technique used to separate and purify liquids in the
chemistry lab and throughout industry. It uses the difference in boiling points of liquids
to separate these liquids from other substances in solution. A liquid has a specific
boiling temperature at standard pressure conditions. If there are two liquids in a
solution, the liquid with the lowest boiling point can be boiled out of the solution without
removing a significant amount of the other liquid. By vaporizing the liquid and
condensing it in another container, one can obtain a pure sample of the liquid. Any
impurities and liquids with higher boiling points remain in the original container.

In this experiment we just testing a simple distillation for two liquids with different
boiling points can be separated. Simple distillation be used effectively to separate
liquids that have at least fifty degrees difference in their boiling points. As the liquid
being distilled is heated, the vapours that form will be richest in the component of the
mixture that boils at the lowest temperature. Purified compounds will boil, and thus turn
into vapours, over a relatively small temperature range (2 or 3°C); by carefully watching
the temperature in the distillation flask, it is possible to affect a reasonably good
separation. As distillation progresses, the concentration of the lowest boiling
component will steadily decrease. Eventually the temperature within the apparatus will
begin to change; a pure compound is no longer being distilled. The temperature will
continue to increase until the boiling point of the next-lowest-boiling compound is
approached. When the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the
distillate can be collected. This fraction of distillate will be primarily the compound that
boils at the second lowest temperature. This process can be repeated until all the
fractions of the original mixture have been separated.

For the error that can be exist in this experiment is the failure to read the
thermometer reading correctly and precisely. By fail to be doing this, the final data of
this experiment will be affected. We must be careful as the temperature must not
exceed more than 85oC. To prevent any error like this, we must always put our eye in
the same level of temperature and always watch the reading really carefully because
small mistake can generate bigger loss.
CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, the techniques of distillation was learned and the boiling point
of ethanol was determined. Only 93% of ethanol was recovered from the distillation
process. This may be due to our error by failed to free any ethanol vapour that still trap
in the apparatus during the boiling process.