RULES IN THE ORDER OF

OPERATIONS IN EVALUATING
EXPRESSIONS
1. Perform the operations
within each pair of
 grouping symbols
(parenthesis, brackets, and
braces) beginning with the
innermost pair.
2. Simplify the expression
with exponents.
3. Perform multiplication and
division as they occur from
left to right.
4. Perform addition and
subtraction as they occur
from left to right.
Examples:
1) 12 – 5 + 3 = 4) 3 x 4 – 3 =
7 + 3 = 10 12 – 3 = 9
2) 24 + 6 – 5 = 5) 6 ÷ 3 – 2 =
 30 – 5 = 25 2–2=0
3) 14 ÷ 7 x 5 = 6) 3x10 ÷ 5=
2x 5 = 10
7) 3 x 10 ÷ (5 + 1) =
3 x 10 ÷ 6 =
 30 ÷ 6 = 5
8) 4 + 6 ÷ 3 x 5 =
4 + 2 x 5 = 4 + 10 = 14
Evaluate the following
expressions:
1) 16–10 + 2=
2) 8+5–2=
3) 12 ÷ 6 X 2 =
4) 2X6÷3=
5) 4 ÷ 2 X (6 – 3) =
6) 6÷3X4–4=
7) 10 + (4 – 2) X 3 =
8) 12 – 6 X 2 ÷ 2 =
9) (6 – 2) ÷ (2 + 2) =
10) 8 – 4 + 2 X 4 ÷ 4 =
Evaluate the following
expressions:
1) 10 + 2³ =
2) 5 + 3 x 4 – 9 =
3) 6 + 9 ÷ 3 =
4) 12 – 4 x 2 =
5) 13 + 8 ÷ 4 – 3 =
6) 3 + 5² - 2 =
7) ( 4 – 1)² + 15 ÷ 3 – 1 =
8) 2 ( 2 + 5 )² =
9) 6 + 5 x 3 – 7 =
10) 14 – 7 + 18 ÷ 3 =

Evaluate the following

expressions:
1) 10 + 4 – 3 =
2) 14 – 6 + 4 =
3) 6 + 9 ÷ 3 =
4) 12 – 4 x 2 =
5) 4 x 2 ÷ 4 =
6) 3 x 4 ÷ 2 =
7) 4 x 2 + 5 =
8) 10 ÷ 5 – 1 =
9) 6 + 5 x 3 – 7 =
10) 14 – 7 + 18 ÷ 3 =
SOLVING ROUTINE AND NON-
ROUTINE PROBLEMS
INVOLVING FRACTIONS
Steps:
 Understand
-Know what is asked
-Know the given
 Plan
- Determine the
ways/operations to be
used
- What is the number
sentence
  Solve
- What is the solution
 Check and look back
- Review the answer
Solve:
1) Gina spends her free time
playing the piano. Each day
she spends ¾ hour. When a
visitor came in, she has
already played for ¼ hour.
To complete her schedule,
 how much longer does she
need to play ?
2) Anton spent 3/10 hour
changing the tires of his
bicycle. Then spent 1/5
hour pumping air into the
 tires. How many hours did
he spend fixing his
bicycle?
3) Rey ran for 7/8 hour and
walked 1/2 hour to
practice for a race. How
 much longer did he run
than he walk ?
4) Lyn prepared 4 1/3 litres of
buko juice and 4 4/5 litres
of calamansi juice to sell.
How many litres of juice
 did she prepare? How
much more calamansi juice
did she prepare than buko
juice?
5) Mr. Uy needs 12 5/6
meters of wire to make a
pen for his ducks and 10
1/4 metres of wire for his
roosters. How many
metres of wire does he
need in all? Which need
more wire,the pen for the
 ducks or for the roosters?
By how many metres?

A group of pupils prepared 21

1/2 liters of calamansi juice.
At the end of the day they
have 2 5/8 liters left over.
How many liters of calamansi
juice were sold?
Malou is baking some
doughnuts. She needs 5 1/4
cups of flour. She has 1 1/2
cups in her jar. How much
flour does she need to buy?
Dan had 4 1/2 boxes of books.
He unpacked 2 1/2 of the
boxes. How many more does
he need to unpack?
Bryan has a bamboo pole that
was 5 3/4 m long. He cut off 1
1/4 m and another 2 1/3 m.
What is the length of the
remaining bamboo pole?
Anton walked 1/4 of a
kilometer to Joe’s house and
7/8 km to the park. How far
did he walk ?
Create the following into
word problems then solve.
Use the data below.
name Ribbons quantity unit
used/left
Rey White 2/8 m
Yellow 2/4 m
Ribbons 3/6 m
left
 FINDING THE COMMON
FACTORS AND GCF OF 2-4
 NUMBERS USING
CONTINUOUS DIVISION
. In continuous division, any
prime number is used as a
divisor.
. Continue dividing until the
divisor is already 1.
. The divisor or the product of
the divisors is the GCF of the
set of numbers.
Examples :
1) 2 24 30 42
3 12 15 21
4 5 7
GCF : 6 3 x 3 = 6

2) 3 72 99 126
 3 24 33 42
8 11 14
GCF : 9 3 x 3=9

Find the common factors and

 GCF using continuous
division.
1) 24 32

2) 4 6 20
3) 12 30 42

4) 28 32 40

5) 90 135 180 195

Find the common factors and
GCF using continuous
division.
1) 20 45

2) 24 30 45
3) 15 33 36

4) 24 32 40 52

5) 25 30 45 60
A prime number is a number
that has only two ( 2 ) factors;
one (1) anditself.
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,
17, 19, 23, …
 1x2=2 1x7=7
1x3=3 1 x 11 = 11
1x5=5 1 x 13 = 13

FINDING THE COMMON

MULTIPLES AND LEAST
COMMON MULTIPLE
(LCM) OF 2-4 NUMBERS
USING CONTINUOUS
DIVISION
. In continuous division, any
prime number is used as a
divisor.
. Continue dividing until the
divisor is already 1.
. The divisor or the product of
the divisors and the last row
numbers is the LCM of the set
of numbers.
Examples :
1) 2 4 8
 2 2 4
1 2
LCM is 8 = 2 x 2 x 1 x 2

2) 2 4 6 12
 2 2 3 6
1 3
LCM is 12 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

3) 3 6 9
 2 3
LCM is 18 = 3 x 2 x 3

Find the Least Common

Multiple of the given set of
numbers using continuous
division.
1) 4 6 4) 6 9

2) 10 15 5) 10 20 30
3) 6 8

Find the GCF/LCM using

continuous division.
1) 5 10 6) 5 10 15
2) 6 12 7) 3 9 12

3) 4 8 8) 4 6 8

4) 3 6 9 9) 2 8 10
5) 10 20 30 10) 3 6 15

CREATING PROBLEMS
GUIDES:
 Familiarize yourself with
the concepts of GCF & LCM
& their application to real life
situations.
 Think of the type of
problem you want to create.
 Read some problems and
study their solutions.

Jumbled problem
- She wants to make all the
arrangements
- identical & have no
flowers left over.
- Arielle is making flower
arrangements.
- number of arrangements
she can make ?
- She has 7 roses and 14
daisies
Create using the following
data:

1) - 5, 6, 30 books
 - least number
- no. of books in a shelve
2) - 30, 48 cookies
- biggest no.
- put inside the identical
 container
3) - 5, 10, & 15 pictures
- smallest no.
- collected photograghs
4) -16, 24, 32 balloons
 - arranged in a table
- greatest no.

Solve :
. A group of 45 dancers will
march behind a group of 30
clowns in a parade. You want
to arrange the two groups in
rows with the same number of
people in each row, but
without mixing the group.
What is greatest number of
people you can have in each
row ?

SOLVE:
1. What is the least number
of candies that can be
divided equally among 8,
9, and 12 children?
2. Ann is packing equal
number of apple slices and
grapes for snacks. She
bags the apple slices in
groups of 18 and the
grapes in groups of 9.
What is the smallest
 number of grapes that she
can pack?
3. Chi water her pechay
every 2 days, and her
cabbage every3 days. Not
counting the first day,
 when is the first time both
plants are waters on the
same day? When is the
next time?
4. Jun goes home every
other day. His wife Jean
goes home every 4 days.
His son goes home every 6
days. If they see each other
today, when they see each
other again at home?
5. The parents are making
sandwiches for the class
picnic. They have 72 ham
slices, 96 tomato slices,
and 48 cheese slices. What
is the greatest number of
 sandwiches they can make
if each sandwich has the
same filling?
6. There are 14 blue and red
bulbs to be used for a
birthday party. They are to
be placed in the plastic
bags so that each bag
contains the same number
of blue and red bulbs.
What is the largest number
 of plastic bags that will be
needed?
7. Lyn has bought 8 hair
clips for P 10.00 and has
sold them at 6 clips for
P10.00. How many hair
 clips have to be sold to
make a profit of P10.00?
8. Mr. Hoy, a security guard
has 3 successive night
duties a week. His wife, a
nurse has 2 successive
 night duties. When will
they see again if they are
together now
9. Lyn has two pieces of
cloth. One piece is 72
inches wide and the other
piece is 90 inches wide.
She wants to cut both
pieces into strips of equal
width that are as wide as
possible. How wide should
she cut the strips?
10. Ed wants to cut as many
pieces of wood of equal
lengths from 3 pieces with
lengths of 35dm, 40dm,
and 56dm. What is the
 longest that he could cut
each piece?
11. Yesterday, Jack bought
4 small chocolates for
P5.00. He sold 3
chocolates for P5.00. How
many chocolates did he
have to sell in order to
make a profit of P5.00
Find the GCF and LCM using
continuous division.
1) 5 10 6) 5 10 15

2) 6 12 7) 3 9 12
3) 4 8 8) 4 6 8

4) 3 6 9 9) 2 8 10

5) 10 20 30 10) 3 6 15
SOLVE :
1) Lyn has bought 8 hair
clips for P 10.00 and has sold
them at 6 clips for P10.00.
How many hair clips have to
 be sold to make a profit of
P10.00?

2) Ann is packing equal

number of apple slices and
grapes for snacks. She bags the
apple slices in groups of 18 and
the grapes in groups of 9.
What is the smallest number
of grapes that she can pack?
3) Yesterday, Jack bought 4
small chocolates for P5.00. He
sold 3 chocolates for P5.00.
How many chocolates did he
have to sell in order to make a
profit of P5.00?
 ADDING FRACTIONS
Steps:
o Add the whole numbers if
any
o Find the Least Common
Denominator (LCM) of the
denominators
o Divide the LCM by the
denominators and multiply
to the numerators(change to
similar fractions)
o Add the numerators and
copy the common
denominator
 o Reduce to lowest when
necessary
Examples:
4/10 + 2/5 = 4/10 + 4/10 =
8/10 = 4/5
10 ÷ 10 = 1 x 4 = 4 ---4/10
10 ÷ 5 = 2 x 2 = 4 ----4/10

Solve and reduce to lowest

term when necessary.
1) 3/4 + 2/3 7) 5/10 + 3/15
2) 4/5 +2/6 8) 6/12 + 2/4
3) 6/8 + 1/4 9) 6 3/5 +
4) 5/6 + 2/5 10 3/4
5) 5/8 + 2/4 10) 15 4/8 +
6) 4/6 + 4/9 12 3/5
Find the sum. Express to
lowest term when necessary.
1) 15 1/2 + 10 3/5
2) 16 2/3 + 17 5/8
3) 25 3/6 + 12 3/4
4) 45 2/7 + 34 1/2
5) 64 3/6 + 48 5/9
Solve :
Jun picked 2 1/2 buckets of
strawberries. Jack picked 3
1/3 buckets of strawberries.
How many buckets of
strawberries did the two boys
Pick ?

Find the sum. Express your

answer in lowest terms when
necessary.
1) 3/4 + 1/2 =
2) 4/6 + 2/3 =
3) 1/4 + 5/8 =
4) 1/3 + 5/9 =
5) 3/5 + 6/10 =
6) 5 2/3 + 5/9 =
7) 3/5 + 7 5/10 =
 8) 12 3/8 + 6 2/4 =
9) 20 3/6 + 7 6/9 =
10) 34 6/8 + 7 2/3 =

Solve:
1) Jim worked 3/4 hour in the
garden, Jun 1/2 hour,
and Jan 2/3 hour. How long
did they work in all ?
2) Ann bought 4 metres of
 ribbon, 3 1/4 metres of lace,
and 4 2/3 meters of garter.
How many meters of materials
did she buy in all?
3) Mr. Kogs, an ice cream
vendor 3 1/5 gallons on
Monday, 6 gallons on Tuesday
and 4 5/10 on Wednesday.
How many gallons did he
make for 3 days ?
 I Reduce the following to
lowest terms:
Proper Fractions
1) 3/6 3) 2/6 5) 4/6
2) 4/8 4) 5/15
Improper fractions
1) 6/2 3) 5/2 5) 33/8
2) 8/2 4) 25/7

Add and reduce to lowest

terms when necessary.
1) 3/4 + 1/2 =
2) 4/6 + 2/3 =
3) 1/4 + 5/8 =
4) 1/3 + 5/9 =
5) 3/5 + 6/10 =
6) 5 2/3 + 5/9 =
 7) 3/5 + 7 5/10 =
8) 12 3/8 + 6 2/4 =
9) 20 3/6 + 7 6/9 =
10) 34 6/8 + 7 2/3 =

Homework:
Solve and reduce to lowest
terms if possible.
1) 2 3/4 + 4 1/3 =
2) 5 4/6 + 6 2/5 =
3) 12 4/6 + 6 2/4 =
4) 21 4/8 + 34 5/10 =
5) 25 4/12 + 35 2/3 =
6) 43 2/3 + 6 3/7 =
7) 23 4/10 + 43 2/3 =
8) 34 4/14 + 6 4/7 =
9) 43 5/10 + 5 3/5 =
10) 8 2/4 + 56 3/6 =
 Subtracting Fractions from
Whole Numbers
Steps:
. Take one(1) from the whole
number and rename it as a
fraction with a denominator
similar to the denominator of
the subtrahend.
. Subtract the fractions first;
bring down whole number.
 . Rename the difference to the
lowest terms.
Examples:
1) 10 – 3/6 =
9 6/6 – 3/6 = 9 3/6 = 9 1/2
2) 21 – 4/5 =
 20 5/5 – 4/5 = 20 1/5

Subtract and reduce to lowest

terms when necessary.
1) 4 – 1/2= 6) 15 – 2/6 =
2) 6 – 1/4= 7) 23 – 4/7 =
3) 10 – 4/8= 8) 34 – 4/9 =
4) 14 – 2/5= 9) 40 – 9/10=
5) 16 – 2/3= 10) 56 – 6/12=
Solve:
Jose bought 15 metres of
rope. He used 5/6 meters for
tying his bag. How many
metres of rope was left?

Subtracting Similar Fractions

Steps:
. Subtract the numerators.
. Copy the common
denominator.
. Reduce to lowest terms
when necessary.
Examples :
 1) 2/4 – 1/4 = 1/4
2) 8/10 – 6/10 = 2/10 = 1/5
Solve and reduce to lowest
terms if possible.
1) 4/6 – 3/6= 6) 3/4 – 1/4=
2) 7/8 – 2/8= 7) 7/9 – 4/9=
3) 4/5 – 2/5= 8) 8/12-2/12=
4) 8/9 – 2/9= 9) 8/14-1/14=
5) 9/10 – 5/10= 10) 8/9-5/9=

Subtracting Dissimilar
Fractions
Steps:
. Find the LCD
. Divide the LCD by the
denominators and multiply to
the numerators(Change to
similar fractions)
. Subtract the numerators
. Copy the common
denominator
. Reduce to lowest terms when
necessary
Examples:
 1) 3/4 – 4/8 =
6/8 – 4/8 = 2/8 = 1/4
2) 5/6 – 2/4 =
10/12 – 6/12 = 4/12 = 1/3
Solve and reduce to lowest
terms if possible.
1) 3/4 – 1/2= 6) 9/10 – 1/2=
2) 1/2 – 1/4= 7) 1/2 – 1/8 =
3) 5/6 – 1/4= 8) 2/3 – 1/5=
4) 6/8 – 1/2= 9) 4/5 – 1/4=
5) 1/2 – 2/5= 10) 5/6 – 1/5=
Solve.
Two-fourths of the garden is
planted to guava seedlings,
while 1/3 of it is planted to
rambutan seedlings. How
much bigger is the part
planted to guava?
Solve:
Three fifths of the garden
produce is sold at the market,
while 3/8 is used for home
consumption. How much more
was sold than used for home
consumption?
A) Reduce the following to
lowest terms:
1) 4/8 3) 2/8 5) 6/8
2) 5/15 4) 4/10
B) Find the LCM or LCD of
the following:
 1) 2, 4 3) 4, 8 5) 4,6
2) 3, 6 4) 4, 5
C) Solve and reduce to lowest
term when necessary.
1) 5 – 3/4 6) 4/5 – 2/5
2) 8 – 4/5 7) 8/9 – 6/9
3) 10 – 3/5 8) 7/8 – 1/4
4) 24 – 7/8 9) 5/6 – 1/3
5) 5/6 – 2/6 10) 9/10 – 2/5
 PLACE VALUE
THROUGH
THOUSANDTHS

PLACE VALUE CHART

 D
TENS ONES E TENTHS HUNDRED THOUSAN
C
I
M
THS DTHS
A
L

0 . 4 6 3
2 5 . 7 8 9
--2 is in the tens place value,
means the value 20 tens or 20.
--5 is in the ones place value,
means its value 5 ones or 5.
--7 is in the tenths place value
means its value is 7 tenths or
0.7
--8 is in the hundredths place
value, it means 8 hundredths
or 0.08.
--9 is in the thousandths place.
It means 9 thousandths or
0.009.
SOLVE:
1.Which is longer 70.75 m or
70.57 m ? By how many?
 o
2.Which is colder, 23.45 C or
o
23.065 C ?
Give the place value and
value of the underlined digit:
1) 0.2349 4) 23.987
2) 0.3456 5) 345.9865
3) 0.9763

Write the following into

words.
1) 0.987 4) 345.076
2) 0.2564 5) 543. 9044
3) 23.5645

RATIO AND
PROPORTION
. Ratio is a comparison of
two numbers.
. Proportion – two equal
ratios
Writing ratio in 2 ways:
-in fraction – 2/4
-in colon – 2 : 4
 Give the ratio of the
following and write in 2
ways.
1) 2 dogs to three cats
2) Four flowers for 2 bees
3) 2 teachers to 30 pupils
Write the ff. in two ways
1) 2 roosters to four hens
2) 10 flowers to 2 butterflies
3) 4 stars for 8 moons
Find the missing number to
form equivalent ratios.
1) 2 : 6 = 4 : __
2) 3 : 6= __ : 12
3) 10 : __ = 5 : 2
4) 1 : 4 = 3 : __
5) __ : 15 = 4 : 5

READING AND
WRITING DECIMALS
 THROUGH TEN
THOUSANDTHS
Things to consider in writing
decimals into words
 Spelling of words
 Comma between periods
 Hyphen or dash
 Decimal point is written
as “and”
Example:
6.2345 – six and two
thousand, three hundred
 forty-five ten thousandths
Things to consider in writing
decimals into figures
 Distance or comma
between periods
Example:
 --one and two thousand,
forty-four ten thousandths
-- 1.2044
A. Write the following
into words:
1) 0.009 4) 3.1244
2) 0.4402 5) 44.6758
3) 0.7833

Write the following into

figures.
1) two thousand one ten
thousandths
2) six hundred eight
thousandths
3) nine and forty-four ten
thousandths
4) seventy-three and five
thousandths
5) one hundred eighty-two
and seven hundredths
FINDING THE MISSING
ELEMENT/TERM TO
FORM PROPORTION
o Apply cross products if
written in fractions or
 use common
factor/divisor
Examples:
1) 1/2 = 2/4 1x2 = 2
2x2 = 4
2) 8/10 = 4/5 8÷2=4
10 ÷ 2 = 5
3) 5/8 = 15/24 8 x 15 = 120
120 ÷ 5 = 24
 Find the missing term to
form proportion
1) 2:3 = 6:__
2) 10:8 =__:4
3) 2/8 = _/24 6) 10/5=12/_
4) _/6 = 5/15 7) _/6 = 6/4
5) 6/_ = 8/12 8) 4/_ = 3/9

Find the missing

term/element to form a
proportion.
1) 4 : 5 = 12 : _ 6) 3/_= 2/8
2) _ : 4 = 5:20 7) 4/6
=10/_
3) 10:12 = _:5 8) _
/8=5/20
4) _ :12 = 1 : 4 9)3/9 = _/6
5) 4 : 5 = 12:_
10)2/_=5/20
SOLVE:
Jose bought 6 tops for
Php 15.00. How much will
12 tops cost ?
A. Read and write the ff. in
figures.
1. Forty- four thousandths
2. Sixty-eight and one
hundred two ten
thousandths
3. Forty-four and one ten
thousandths
4. One hundred two and
three thousandths
5. Six hundred and two
hundred fifty ten
thousandths
B.Write the ff. decimals in
words:
1) 0.003 6) 0.80
2) 0.030 7) 4.2013
3) 0.400 8) 24.90
4) 5.0001 9) 35.2044
5) 0.045 10) 723.0518

SOLVE:
 The measurement of the
basketball court is 9.06 m by
25.75 m. Write the
dimensions in words
Give the place value and
value of the underlined
digit.
1) 0.543 4) 62.5481
2) 0.8231 5) 21.0879
3) 5.986
 Supply the missing number
to
form proportion.
1) 2/4 = 6/_
2) 3/_ = 6/8
3) _ /10 = 8/20
4) 4/5 = _ / 10
5) 6/7 = 3/_
6) 20/30 = 4/_
7) 12/15 = _ /5
8) 25/_ = 5/10
9) _/30 = 8/10
10) 45/_ = 15/20
ROUNDING OFF
NUMBERS
RULES:
 Look for the target
 Look at the number at its
Right
 If the number is 5 or
more, add 1 to the target
number and replace all
other digits to the right
with zeros.
 If the number is less than
5 retain the number and
replace all other digits to
the right with zeros.
Examples:

1) 0.362 round to the

nearest hundredths
0.300
 2) 0.4355 round to the
nearest thousandths 0.4360
Round the following to its
underlined digit.
1) 0.8432 6) 23.9065
2) 0.3653 7) 0.2567
3) 6.6532 8) 3.4536
4) 12.9232 9) 0.8132
5) 12.3471 10) 9.6123
A.Round to its indicated
place
value.
1) 0.9234 - nearest tenths
2) 0.2451 - “ hundredths
3) 1.4358 - “ thousandths
4) 51.9234 “ hundredths
B. Round to its underlined
digit.
1) 0.9341 4) 12.1284
2) 0.2356 5) 3.9234
3) 3.6432 6) 43.1765

DIRECT PROPORTION
  When one increases, the
other also increases.
Example:
Avocados are sold at 3
for P 45.00. How many
avocados can rex buy for
P 180.00?
3/45 = n/180
45 x n = 3 x 180
45n = 540
n = 540/45
 n = 12
1. Some girls walked 10 km
in one hour. How far
would they go in 6 hours?
2. The ratio of boys to girls
in a class is 3:5. If there
 are 18 boys, how many are
girls ?
3. Joy can read 500 words
in 3 minutes. How long
will it take her to read 1
250 words ?
4. The ratio of Math books
in Grade 6 A and B s 5:8.
How many Math books in
section A and B if there
are 260 books ?
5. If 135 kids can be
accommodated in 3 buses,
how many kids can ride in
5 buses?
6. How far will a train go in
9 hours if it goes 797 km
in 15 hours ?
 PARTITIVE
PROPORTION
 A proportion wherein
the elements are divided
by parts or portion.
Example:
 Two numbers are in the
ratio of 5:3. If the sum is 88,
What are the two numbers?
5n+3n=88 5 x 11 = 55 1st
8n = 88 3 x 11 = 33 2nd
n = 88/8 n = 11 88
SOLVE:
1. The ratio of chairs to
tables is 2:7. There are
180 chairs and tables in a
party. How many are the
there of each kind ?
2. The sum of numbers is
215. If the ratio 2:3, find
the smaller and the larger
number.
3. The salary of 2 workers
is in the ratio 3:4. They
 received P12, 250.00. How
much did each worker
receive?
4. The ratio of men to
women at a college is 7:5.
How many women
 students are there if there
350 men?
5. Three numbers are in the
ratio 2:5:7. If their sum is
504, what are the three
numbers?
6. Three boys sold garlands
in the ratio of 2:3:4.
Together they sold 225
garlands. How many
garlands did each boy
sell?
7. Three numbers are in the
ratio of 1:4:7. Find the
st nd rd
numbers; the 1 , 2 & 3
?
8. The ratio of the angles of
a triangle is 3:4:5. Find
 the measure of each angle.

INVERSE PROPORTION
 When one increases the
other decreases and vice-
versa.
Example:
I have enough money to
have a vacation of 12 days if
I spend P500.00 a day. For
how many days will my
money last if I decide to
spend only P400.00 a day?
(original) 500 N (new)
(new) 400 12 (orig)
400 x n = 500 x12
400n = 6000
 n = 6000/400
n = 12
SOLVE:
1. If 4 farmers can plow a
3-hectare land in 6 days,
 how long will 8 farmers
do it ?
2. Twelve painters can
paint a building in 10
days. How many painters
 are needed to paint it in 6
days?
3. If 3 farmers can plow a
field in 4 days, how long
will 6 farmers do it?
4. If 8 men can build a
house in 90 days, in how
many days can 20 men
working under the same
conditions?
5. Five sewers can finish
200 children’s dresses in
8 days. How many days
will it take 10 sewers to
finish the same number of
children’s dresses?
6. The orphanage has
enough bread to feed 30
orphans for
12 days. If 10 more is
added, how many days
 will the same amount of
bread last?
7. A stock of food is
enough to feed 50 persons
for 14 days. How many
days will the food last if
 20 more persons will be
added ?
8. Mr. Oy has enough
money to pay 8 workers
for 15 days. If he adds 4
more workers, for how
long can he them at the
same rate?
 ADDING DECIMALS
STEPS:
 Arrange the decimal
points in column as well
as the addends
  Add as in whole
numbers
Example :
0.24 + 0.432 + 0. 9 + 34.1
+0.432
0.9
34.1___
35.672
SOLVE:
Rex walked 0.80 km
from his house to the
terminal. Then rode an
 easyride 3.25 km to the
school. How far is the
sch. from Rex house?
Add:
1) 0.35 + 0.234 + 0.9 + 2.654
2) 0.6 +0.56+0.09+43.6+ 6.7
3) 0.8+0.65+3.8+34.645+3.9
4) 0.9+0.43+12.3+9.1+76.23
5) 23.5+0.9+0.345+54.81+12
3.5
Subtract and check through
addition.
1) 0.95 - 0.34
2) 0.712 - 0.498
3) 0.876 - 0.535
4) 0.9 - 0.446
5) 0.8 - 0.413
 SUBTRACTING
DECIMALS
STEPS:
 Align the decimal points
as well as the digits
 Rename the minuend
 Annex zero/s/ if needed
 Subtract as in whole
numbers
 Check by adding the
subtrahend and the
difference
Example:
0.9 – 0.378 = Check:
0.9 0.900 0.378
0.378 0.378 0.522
0.522 0.900
Solve and check through
addition.
1)0.875 2) 0.912 3) 0.9
0.352 0.475 0.149
Solve and check:
1) 0.81 2) 0.74 3)0.8-0.345
0.376 0.268
4)6.983-0.876 5)9.12-2.876
6)10.4 -3.967 7)45.2-9.875
 SUBTRACTING MIXED
DECIMALS
STEPS:
 Align the decimal points
as well as the digits
 Rename the minuend
  Add zero/s/ if needed
 Subtract as in whole
numbers
 Check through addition

Example:
8.1 8.100 2.453
2.453 2.453 5.647
5.647 8.100

Solve and check:

1) 6.23 – 0.12 6)6.7-0.987
2) 7.678-0.496 7)8.2-0.983
3) 9.12-0.876 8)9.01-2.98
4) 7.16-3.687 9)28.3-9.657
5) 8.1-4.768 10)25.2-11.1456
 WORD PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
PROPORTONS
1) The ratio of 2 numbers is
3:5. The larger number
 is 30. What is the smaller
number?
2) A tree casts a shadow of
12 metres when a 5-metre
pole casts a shadow of 4
 metres. How tall is the
tree?
3) The ratio of duck eggs to
chicken eggs in an egg
store is 2:7. If there are
312 duck eggs in the
 store , how many chicken
eggs are there?
4) The ratio of cats to dogs
is 6:5. There are 495 dogs
and cats in a certain
 barangay. How many are
cats? dogs?
5) The ratio of doors to
windows is 1:5. There
are186 doors and
windows in a building.
 How many doors are
there? windows?
6) The ratio of string
divided in 3 parts is 1
1/2 : 2 1/2 : 3. How long
 is each piece if there sum
is 28 ?
7) Four equal pumps can
fill a tank in 42 minutes.
How long will 6 pumps of
 the same kind fill the
tank?
8) A carpenter working 8
hours a day could finish a
piece of work in 6 days.
How many days a days
 could he finish a similar
piece of work by working
10 hours a day?
9) A house contractor has
enough money to pay 8
workers for 15 days. If
 adds 4 more workers, for
how many days can he
pay them at the same
rate?
10) Sixty boxes are needed
to pack 720 brownies in
batches of 12. How many
boxes are needed if the
brownies are packed in
batches of 18 ?
 SUBTRACTING MIXED
DECIMALS BY MIXED
DECIMALS
Steps : ( the same )

Solve and check.

1) 3.456 – 1.757
2) 5.152 – 2.172
3) 7.234 – 4.157
4) 6.123 – 4.056
5) 9.231 – 5. 1786
6) 12.23 – 6.156
7) 15.1 – 8.097
8) 23.3 – 14.264
9) 45.1 – 26.568
10) 58.01 – 36.9876
 CREATING WORD
PROBLEMS
Arrange this jumbled
problem.
-finish a similar piece of
work
-A carpenter working 8 hrs
a day -How many days
could he
- by working 10hr a day?
- could finish a piece of
work in 6 days
Create into word problems
1.Given : 4 farmers 10
days
8 farmers __ days
2.Given : 10 boys to 20
girls
20 boys to __ girls
3.Given : 6 painters 20 days
__painters 10 days
4.Given : cats to dogs 2:3
 total of 50 animals
5.Given : chairs to tables
2:4 sum of 96 tables &
chairs

SOLVE:
1. Mang Andy has 8.25 kg.
of tomatoes to sell in the
market. In the morning
he sold 4.75 kg. While he
sold 2.25 kg. in the
 afternoon. How many kg.
of tomatoes were left?
2. James bought a pair of
shoes for P245.25, a pair
of sacks for P 42.75, and a
trousers for P 526.99. He
 gave the cashier a
thousand peso-bill. How
much change did he
receive?
3. JM visits his dentist
every six month. He paid
his dentist P 500 .50 for
dental treatment and P
450.95 for propylaxis.
How much change did he
get from P 1000?
4. JR and RJ hiked 15.5 km
in one day and 13.75 in
the next day. How many
km did hike in all?
5. RC bought 4 items worth
P 39.95, P 68.75, and P
 120.25. How much change
will I get from P 500-bill?
6. Del filled the container
with 3.5 litres of water.
Her mother used 0.75 liter
of water for cooking and
 1.25 litres for palamig.
How much water was left
in the container?
7. The perimeter of a
quadrilateral garden is
412.95 cm. If the three
known sides measures
85.56 cm, 112.77 cm, and
85.26 cm, and 85.26 cm,
how long is the fourth
side?
8. A rectangle is 13.8 cm.
long and 9.7 cm wide.
Find its perimeter.

PERCENT
. Percent means per
 hundredths or by the
hundred
. Percentage is a certain
percent(%) of a number
. Rate is the number of
percent
. Base is a number from
which a certain percent
is taken out
Techan’s Triangle
Where
 r (rate)
b (base)
p (percentage)
FORMULAS:
p=rxb b=p÷r
 r=p÷b

Finding the Percentage

What is 25 % of 4 ?
p=rxb
 = 25 % x 4 = .25 x 4 = 1
Solve :
1) What is 50 % of 2 ?
2) What is 60 % of 50 ?
3) 15 % of 40 is what no?
4) What 25 % of 4
5) 20 % of 15 is what no ?
6) 75 % of 12 is what no ?
7) 30 % of 600 is n ?
8) 60 % of 30 is what no ?
9) 230 % of 90 is n
10) 150 % of 400 is n
11) n is 1 % of 100
12) What is 1/4 % of 80 ?
13) What is 1/5 % of
 P 1000.00 ?
MULTIPLYING TENTHS
BY TENTHS
STEPS:
To multiply tenths by
tenths , multiply like you do
with whole numbers. The
number of decimal places in
the factors will be the same
with the number of decimal
places in the product. Add
zero/s/ to the left if needed.
EXAMPLES:
1) 0.2 2) 0.9
0.9 0.8
0.08 0.72
MULTIPLY.
1) 0.4 x 0.6 6) 0.13 x 0.67
2) 0.6 x 0.3 7) 0.54 x 0.65
3) 0.7 x 0.6 8) 0.76 x 0.23
4) 0.8 x 0.5 9) 0.54 x 0.68
5) 0.9 x 0.4 10) 0.45 x 0.98
Multiplying Hundredths by
Hundredths
Steps : (same)
Example:0.63 factors
0.32_
 126 partial
189 products
2016 final product
Solve:
1)0.22 x 0.53 6)7.23 x 6.25
2)0.43 x 0.52 8)5.54 x2.65
3)0.12 x 0.45 9)9.23 x 6.15
4)0.43 x 0.67 10)4.23 x 5.98
5)0.65 x 0.87 11)3.87 x 8.24
6)0.45 x 0.65 12)6.49 x 7.37
7)0.32 x 0.76 13)7.45 x 8.56
Finding the Rate:
Rate(r) = Percentage(p)
/Base(b)
r=p÷b
What percent of 25 is 5 ?
r = 5 ÷ 25 = 0.2 or 20 %
Solve:
1)What percent of 50 is 10 ?
2)What percent of 20 is 5 ?
3) 10 is what percent of 50 ?
4) 18 is N % of 30
5) N % of 80 is 60
6) What % of 120 is 30 ?
7) 12 is what percent of 60 ?
8) 18 is N % of 30
9) 90 is N % of 360
10) 7.5 is N % of 30 ?
11) N % of 56 is 14
12) What % of 60 is 15 ?
13) 2.5 is what % of 75 ?
Solve :
1) 0.5 x 0.8 6) 0.45 x 0.76
2) 0.6 x 0.9 7) 2.45 x9.12
3) 0.9 x 0.8 8) 7.34 x 3.45
4)0.35 x 0.5 9) 5.97 x 3.98
5)0.6 x 0.34 10) 9.45 x 8.26

A. Identify the rate, base,

and percentage
1) 35 % of 90 is 31.5
2) 16 is 20 % of 80
3) 25 % of 80 is 20
4) P 100 is 4 % of P 2500
B. Find the missing
element.
1) 10 is 20 % of what
number ?
2) What number is 50 %
of 2 ?
 3)30 % of 600 is what
number?
4) 90 is what percent of
3600 ?
5) 7.5 is what percent of 30
?
 6) What percent of 105 is
35 ?

FNDING THE BASE

To find the base, change
the rate to decimal, then
divide the percentage by the
rate.
Solve :
1) 25 % of what number is
60?
2) 40 % of what number is
8?
3) 80 % of what number is
24?
4) 90 % of what number is
36 ?
5) 8 % of what number is 20
?
6) 15 % of n is 30
7) 90 % of n is 18
8) 30 % of n is 30
9) 45 % of n = 90
10) 35 % of n = 280
SOLVE :
A small school has 12 male
teachers which is 12 % of all
our
teachers. How many
teachers do we have ?
SOLVE :
1) 30 % of what number is 6
?
2) 75 % of what number is
150?
3) What is 25 % of 180 ?
4) What percent of 42 is 7 ?
5) 65 is what % of 260 ?
6) What is 5 % of 40 ?
7) 20 % of 20 is what
number?
8) What percent of 150 is
30?
9) 15 is n % of 75?
10) 40 % of what number is
60

Solve using the formulas.

1) There were 30 pupils who
had complete projects. What
percent of the pupils have
projects?
2) In a 200 pupils, 40 are
boys. What percent of the
group are boys ?
3) There were 6 children
volunteers which is 25 % of
the team cleaning the canals.
How many volunteers were
there?
Solve:
1) At 3.50 a meter, how
much will I spend for 15 and
1/4 meters of rope ?
2) Mr Hoy bought 6 and 3/4
kg of sugar at P 35.45 a kg.
How much change did he get
from a thousand peso bill ?
3) Straw hats are on sale at
P 35.50 each. If Mrs. Yu
buys one of each of her 6
children, how much will the
hats cost altogether ?
4) Each meter of cloth
which Jane used in making a
pillowcase costs P 56.75.
How much did spend for 6
meters?
5) The family consumed
760.5 kilowatts of electricity
for the month of June. If the
charge is P 4.75 per
kilowatthour, how much was
their bill for the month?

Multiplying mixed decimals

1) 1.5 x 2.8 6) 9.12 x 2.45
2) 1.6 x 3.9 7) 3.45 x 7.34
3) 1.9 x 3.8 8) 8.21 x 5.11
4) 1.35 x 3.5 9) 5.97 x 3.98
5)4.6 x 1.34 10) 9.45 x 8.26

Solve :
 1) A kilogram of rice costs
P 42.25. How much change
will I get if I 5 and 1/4 kg
and give the seller a five-
hundred peso bill ?
 2) Each meter of cloth
which Jane used in making
pillowcase costs P45.75. How
did he spend for 5 1/2 meters
?
 Dividing Decimals by
Decimals through hundreds
Steps :
When the dividend and
the divisor are both or
mixed decimals, make the
divisor a whole number by
moving the decimal point to
the right of the last digit.
Move the decimal point in
the dividend to as many
places as in the divisor.
Divide the decimals like you
do with the whole numbers.
Check by multiplying the
original divisor and the
quotient.
Divide and check through
multiplication.
1) 0.2 0.4 6) 0.56 ÷ 0.07
2) 0.02 0.4 7) 0.72 ÷ 0.09
3) 0.08 0.04 8) 0.42 ÷ 0.06
4) 0.05 0.25 9) 0.45 ÷ 0.09
 5) 0.04 0.32 10)0.196÷0.07

Solve and check:

1) 0.9 0.81 6) 8.4 ÷ 0.3
2) 0.65 1.3 7) 12.3 ÷ 0.3
3) 0.11 0.88 8) 25.8 ÷ 4.3
 4) 0.7 5.6 9) 29.6 ÷ 3.7
5) 0.12 7.2 10) 19.6 ÷ 0.7
Solve:
Lita poured 0.70 L of honey
into o.14 L plastic cups. Find
the number of plastic cups
filled.

Definition of terms:
 Discount – is the amount
deducted from the original
price.
Principal – is the amount
invested or as the capital.
 Interest – is the amount
earned for the use of money.
Commission – a certain
percent given to the
seller/agent/brooker.
 Solving Word Problems
Involving
1) During the sale an item
marked 10 % discount.
How much is the selling
price if the original price is
P 1, 500 ?
2) The marked price of an
electric iron is P 1,700.
How much is the selling
 price if a 15 % discount is
offered ?
3) A T-shirt was priced
originally at P 375. It was
sold at 20 % off. What is
 the discount ? What is the
discounted price?
4) A refrigerator sells at P
14,850 on installment
basis. However, the store
offers a 12 1/2 % discount
 on cash payments. How
much will father save if
he pays in cash ?
5) Mrs. Gets a 12 1/2 %
commission for selling
cosmetics. What is her
 commission if her sales
total P 20,000 ?
6) A salesman sells a car for
P 850,000. If he receives a
commission of 20 % ,
 How much will be his
commission?

7) Jane borrowed P 100,000

from a credit union with
8 % interest every year.
 How much is the interest
?
8) Roy has P 50,000 in his
savings account. If the
rate of interest is 7 % a
year, how much interest
does his money earn?
How much money will he
have in all ?
INTEGERS are a set of
positive and negative
numbers including zero.
.Negative Integers or
numbers less than zero
 .Positive integers or counting
numbers
.Every positive number has a
corresponding negative
number. Zero is the opposite
of itself.
RULES
.When adding integers
having the same sign, add
the numbers and retain the
given sign.
Examples: ⁺9 + ⁺7 = ⁺16
 ⁻9 + ⁻7 =⁻16
. When adding integers with
different signs, subtract the
numbers and affix the sign
of the bigger number.
Examples: ⁻7 + ⁺5 = ⁻2
 ⁺4 + ⁻9 = ⁻5
.To subtract integers having
the same sign, change the
sign of the subtrahend, find
the difference, and affix the
sign of the bigger number.
Example: ⁺10 - ⁺6 =
⁺10 - ⁻6 = ⁺4
. To subtract integers of
different signs, add the
numbers and affix the sign
of the first number.
Examples: ⁺12 - ⁻10 = ⁺22
⁻9 - ⁺7 = ⁻16
Solve:
1) ⁺9 + ⁺7 = 6) ⁺8 - ⁺5 =
2) ⁻8 + ⁻10= 7) ⁻10 - ⁻4=
3) ⁺12 + ⁻5= 8)⁺14 - ⁻10=
4) ⁻13 + ⁺8= 9) ⁻14 - ⁺6 =
5) ⁻56 + ⁻4 = 10)⁻23 - ⁺13=

. The product of integers

with like signs is positive.
The product of integers with
unlike signs is negative.
Examples:
1)⁺4 x ⁺5= ⁺20 or ⁺4 . ⁺5= ⁺20
or ( ⁺4 ) (⁺5) = ⁺20
2)⁻4 x ⁻5 = ⁺20
. The quotient of like
integers is positive. The
quotient of unlike integers
Examples: ⁻ 12 ÷ ⁻4 = ⁺3
⁻12 ÷ ⁺4= ⁻3 ⁺12 ÷ ⁺4 = ⁺3
 ⁺8 ÷ ⁻2 = ⁻4
SOLVE:
1) ⁻6 x ⁻3 = 6) ⁺14 ÷ ⁺2 =
2) ⁺6 x ⁻3 = 7) ⁻21 ÷ ⁻3 =
3) (⁻6)(⁺3) = 8) ⁻18 ÷ ⁺6 =
4) ⁺6 . ⁺9 = 9) ⁺28 ÷ ⁺7 =
5) ⁺8 . ⁻5 = 10) ⁻45 ÷ ⁺9=

Percent means by the

hundredths
Percentage is a certain
percent of a number and
a part of the base.
Rate is a number of percent,
its symbol is ( % )
Base is a quantity that
represents a whole.

Techan’s Triangle
p = rxb
 r = p/b
b = p/r

PLANE FIGURES
Square (formula-A=S x S)
-A regular quadrilateral.
All sides are equal.
3m A=SxS
3m x 3m=9m
Rectangle – a parallelogram
with four right angles.(formula
A =l x w)
4m A = L x W
2m A = 4 x 2 = 8m
Solve
1) 6m 3) 12 cm
6 cm
2) S = 2.4m 4) L=10.2cm
W=4.1cm
A. Change to decimal
1) 20 % 6) 3 %
2) 16 % 7) 121 %
3) 43 % 8) 125 %
4) 63 % 9) 12.6 %
5) 4% 10) 2.34 %
 B. Identify the given and
missing element then
solve.
1) What is 60 % of 10 ?
2) What is 25 % of 16 ?
3) What is 5 % of 100 ?
4) 50 % of 40 is what
number?
5) 4 % of 100 is what
number?
 -Is made up of simple
geometric figures such as
square, rectangle, circles
and semi-circle.
 To find the area of
composite figure, separate
the figure into simple shape
where area can be found.
Then add the areas together.
Shape 1 and shape 2
 10 m

15 m
A = S² = 10 x 10 = 100m²
 A = 1/2 ( b x h )= 10 x 5
= 50/2 = 25m²
A + A = 100 + 25 = 125m²

Find the Area.

1) 8cm

24 cm
2) 12 m
 30 cm
3)
4 4m

3m 5m
4) 6 cm
 8 cm 4 cm
5)
 6m
6) 10 cm

4 cm
SURFACE AREA (SA)
of a three-dimensional
shape is the sum of all the
surface areas of each of the
sides. A three-dimensional
shape is a solid shape that
has height and depth.
SURFACE AREA (SA) is
the sum of all the areas of all
the sides or faces.
1) Cube
Formula : SA = 6 a²
or SA = 6 s²
=6x3x3
3m = 6 x 9 = 54 m²
2) RECTANGULAR
PRISM
6 cm
3 cm
2 cm
SA = 2 lw + 2 lh + 2 wh
or SA = 2 ( lb + bh + hl )
= 2x6x2 + 2x6x3 + 2x2x3
= 24 cm+ 36 cm + 12 cm
= 72 cm²
Find its Surface Area.
1) 10.1 cm

2) 6 m 4 cm
10 cm
 3) 3m
2m 10.1 m
4) 6.1 m
5) 4m 4m

4m 3m 5m
 WORD PROBLEMS
1. Among the 50 pupils in a
Grade 5 class, 6 % are left-
handed. How many are left-
handed ?
2. Winona has an error of
20 % in a 40-item test. How
many mistakes does she have
In the test ?
3. Rhian’s allowance is P 50
Daily. She saves 8 % of it.
How much does she save ?
4. Rey has P 150 in his
pocket. He gives 50 % of the
money to his brother. How
much does Rey give to his
brother ?
5. In a class of 60 pupils,
half are girls. 40 % of the
girls have long hair. 1/4 of
the long haired girls wear
ribbons. How many girls
have long hair. How many
wear ribbons ?
6. Jun took a short exam
with 25 items. He answered
84 % of the items correctly.
How many questions he did
not answer correctly ? How
many questions he answered
correctly ?
 Definition of Terms
. Commission is an
amount given to a person
selling something.
. Interest is the money
paid for the use of money.
 . Discount is the amount
Deducted from the marked
price.

Create and solve

1) - 40 item-test
 - no. of correct answers
- no. of wrong answers
- Jun got 5 % wrong
answers
2) - 5 % of the marbles
are red
 - How many are red
marbles ?
- A box contains 80
marbles
3) - If the tag price of the
barong was P 1000
 - Ms Yap bought a
barong with 15 % discount
- How much did she
save and pay
4) - and the rate of
discount is 25 %
 - What is the amount of
reduction?
- It the original price is
P 125
- What is the sale price?
5) - a car for P 800,000
 - If he receives a
commission of 20 %
- A salesman sells
- How much will be his
commission?
 6) - How much is the
interest ?
- from a credit union
- At the end of 1 year
- Ric borrowed P 10,000
 - he has to pay back 8
% interest
PYRAMID has polygonal
base and triangular lateral
faces.
FORMULAS FOR SA
Square pyramid
 SA = b² + 2 bs
Where b is the length
And s is the slant height
Any pyramid
SA= area of base + area of
each lateral faces
 12 cm
6 cm
SA = b² + 2 b s
= 6 x 6 cm + 2 x 6 x 12 cm
=36 cm² + 144 cm² =180 cm²
Or
Area of base=6 x 6=36 cm² +
Area of triangular faces
= 1/2 x 6 x 12 x 4 = 144 cm²
 SA = Area of base + Area
of faces
36 cm² + 144 cm² = 180 cm²
 CYLINDER
A space figure with 2
circular bases in parallel
planes. Its surface is formed
by line segments connecting
the parallel planes.
 bases
Cylinder

surface
SA(surface erea)
= 2Πrh+2Πr²
 or SA = 2xΠxrxh + 2xΠxr²
Example: 10 m

1.1m
SA = 2xΠxrxh + 2xΠxr²
=2x3.14x1.1x10+2x3.14x1.1²
= 6.28 x 11 + 6.28 x 1.21
= 69.08 + 7.5988
= 76.6788 m²
Solve:
A cylindrical can of
powdered milk is to be
wrapped exactly w/ a
Japanese paper for X’mas
gift. Its radius is 10cm and
its height is 30cm. what is its
surface area?
Find its SA
1)10 cm 2)1.1m
3.1m
2 cm
 POLYGONS
Are closed plane figures
formed by line segments w/c
meet only at their end
points. Polygons are
 named according to the
sides they have.
name figure sides
triangle 3
quadrilateral 4
pentagon 5
hexagon 6
heptagon 7
octagon 8
nonagon 9
decagon 10
Name the polygons below
& give the number of sides.

1) 2) 3)
4) 5) 6)

7) 8)

9) 10)