EC-601 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION THEORY

PART A
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION:
Model of digital communication systems, comparison of digital & analog communication systems,
bandwidth of digital data, base band vs. band pass. (3 hours)

CHAPTER 2: Discrete pulse Amplitude modulation:

Review of sampling theorem, sampling of low pass & band pass signals, practical aspect of sampling,
Reconstruction of message from its samples, channel band width for PAM signals, Generation and
detection of PAM. (5 hours)

CHAPTER 3: Coding of Base Band Signals:

Message, character & symbols, character coding. Formatting analog information-sampling.
Quantization, Quantization-noise, Elements of PCM. Different PCM quantizer, uniform and non
uniform quantize, companding, DPCM, PCM decoders. (6 hours)

CHAPTER 4: Delta Modulation (DM):

Principals, Noise in DM systems, Granular and slop overload in DM systems, ADM systems,
comparing of Dm and PCM, Digital multiplexers, TDM-PCM telephone systems, CODEC.(5 hours)

CHAPTER 5: Digital Signaling Formats:

LINE CODES: various type and there power spectra, Regeneration repeater (4 hours)

CHAPTER 6: Synchronization:
Bit Synchronization, Word Synchronization, Frame Synchronization, Non-Linear clock
recovery(codes for recovery) (3 hours)
 EC 602 MICROCONTROLLERS
PART-A
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS: Comparison between microprocessors
and microcontroller, microcontroller families, RISC/CISC Architecture, Harward and Von Neumann
architecture. (4 hours)
CHAPTER 2 8051 ARCHITECTURE: Microcontroller Hardware, pins, ports, circuits, external
memory, counters and timers, serial data I/O interrupts. (7 hours)
CHAPTER 3. ASSEMBLY LEVE PROGRAN=MMING CONCEPT OF 8051: understanding
assembly language syntax of 8051, instruction syntax, addressing modes of 8051, extensive study of
instruction set of 8051 and example programs.
(14 hours)

PART-B
CHAPTER 4: MEMORY INTERFACING: Memory device, address decoding, 8/16/32 and 64 bit
memory interfacing and dynamic RAMs. (6 hours)
CHAPTER 5: I/O INTERFACE: I/O port address decoding, programmable Peripheral
interface,Keyboard/Display interface, Programmable interrupt timer, Programmable communication
interface, interfacing ADC and DAC. (6 hours)
CHAPTER 6: INTERRUPT STRUCTURE OF 8051 MICROCONTROLLER: Basic interrupt
processing, Hardware interrupts, expanding interrupt structures, programmable interrupt controller,
real-time clock. (5 hours)
CHAPTER 7: DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS AND DMA CONTROL I/O: DMA operation, DMA
controller, shared bus operation, Disk memory systems, video display. (5 hours)
CHAPTER 8: APPLICATIONS OF 8051: Temperature sensors, Stepper motor and data acquisition
systems. (2 hours)

REFERENCES:
1. Brey B.B: The intel microprocessor architecture, programming and interfacing, 4e PHI.
2. Ayala. K.J.: The 8051 microcontroller, 2e, Penram International.
3. Gaonker: Microprocessor architecture and programming.
4. Myke Predko: Programming and customizing the 8051 microcontroller, TMH, 2001
EC603: MICROWAVE AND RADAR
PART A

Chapter1: Introduction
Frequencies used, applications, high frequency, limitations of conventional tubes(qualitative only),
klystron amplifier(two cavity), reflex klystron oscillator power output, efficiency, TWT, BWO, cavity
magnetron- construction, principle of operation, performance characteristics and applications 6hours

Chapter 2: Solid State microwave devices

(Qualitative discussion only) tunnel, PIN, varactor, schottky barrier, read, gunn, TRAPATT, IMPATT,
barritt construction and operation, parametric amplifier using varactor, manley- rowe relations MOSFET,
HEMT, Oscillator using tunnel and gunn diodes, PIN, switch and modulator. 8Hours

Chapter 3: Microwave passive components

E-plane-plane, magic tee and directional couplers, construction, operations and scattering matrix
representations, capacity, inductive and E-bends, transitions and twists in waveguides, posts, tuning
screws, coupling probes and loops, slotted line, attenuators- fixed movable vane and rotary phase shiftor

Chapter 4: Antenna Basics

Basic antenna Parameters, patterns, beam array radiation intensity, beam efficiency, directivity and gain,
antenna aperture effective height, radio communication link, fields from oscillating dipole, antenna field
zones, shape- impedance considerations. 6Hours

PART B

Chapter 5: Point sources and antenna arrays

Introduction, power pattern theory and applications, radiation intensity, power patterns, field patterns,
phase patterns arrays of two isotropic point sources, non isotropic similar point sources, pattern
multiplication, pattern synthesis, non isotropic dissimilar point sources, array of n- isotropic sources of
equal amplitude and spacing, null directions, array of two driven elements(broadside cast end- fire case
and general case with equal currents of any phase)

Chapter 6: Loop antenna Helical antenna and Yagi-uda antenna

Loop antenna(general case), field comparision of short dipole and small loop field pattern, radiation
resistance directivity, radiation efficiency, Q, bandwidth and SNR full point.
Helical antenna, Helical geometry full point, design considerations of monofilar axial- mode helical
antenna, dipole arrays with parasitic elements, the yagi-uda array, axial mode pattern and phase velocity
of wave propagation on monofilar helices axial mode, patterns, axial ratio, and conditions for circular
polarization of monofilar axial-mode helical antenna and wide band characteristics of monofilar axial
mode helical antenna 3Hours
Chapter 7: Introduction to RADAR and RADAR range equations
RADAR block diagram, RADAR frequencies, application of RADAR, derivation, prediction,
minimum detectable signal, receiver noise, RADAR cross section of target, range ambiguities, CW and
frequency modulated RADAR; Doppler effect, CW RADAR, FM-CW RADAR, airborne Doppler
navigation, multiple frequency CW RADAR 5Hours

Chapter 8: MTI and pulse doppler radar:

Block diagram, multiple or staggered pulse repetition frequencies, pulse doppler radar, racking radar:
Tracking with radar, sequential lobing, conical scan, monopulse tracking radar, tracking in range,
acquisition. 4 hours

Chapter 9: Radar transmitter &receivers:

Block diagram description, duplexers, noise figure, low noise font end, mixers, displays-PPI & A-
scope, randomes. 3 hours

REFERENCES:

1. Samuel Y. Liao: Microwave devices circuits

2. Skolnik: introduction to radar systems: Tata Mcgraw-Hill
3. Kennedy: Electronics communication systems, TMH
4. F.E.Terman: Electronics & Radio Engg., MEG
5. M.Kulkarni: Microwave & Radar, Umesh publication
6. Mrs. Chatteriee: microwaves engineering (AEWP)
7. John D Kraus: Antennas, McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition, 1988.
 EC-604 INFORMATION THOERY AND CODING

PART-A

1. Discrete sources- Entropy, Conditions for maximum value, Definitions, markov sources, problems.
7 hours

2. Source coding- Properties of codes, Shannon, Shannon-Fano, Huffman binary coding and efficiency
calculations, Non-binary coding-Huffman ternary and quaternary coding, Efficiency calculations.
7 hours

3. Discrete channels-joint and conditional entropies, mutual information, capacity and extension of
channels. 6 hours

4. Continuous sources and channels- Maximum entropy, shannon-hartley law and its implications,
problems. 4 hours

PART-B

5. Error control coding-block codes, minimum distance considerations, standard array and syndrome
decoding, block diagram for encoder and decoder. 8 hours

6. Binary cyclic codes-generator polynomial systematic cyclic codes, circuit or block diagram for
encoder and syndrome calculation BCH, R-S and goolay codes. 8 hours

7. Convolutional codes-Block diagram, encoding using time domain and transform domain approach
state diagram approach, code tree. 8 hours
Reference Books:
1. Digital communication- Simon hykin
2. Analog and digital communication- Sham Shanmugam
3. Information theory and coding- P.S.Sathyanarayan
4. Principles of digital communication- Das, Mallic and Chatterjee
5. Error control coding- Shu-lin, castello

EC605: VLSI DESIGN

PART-A

Chapter 1: VLSI Basics:

Evolution of microelectronics, Moore's law, Introduction to VLSI design, the design flow, design
philosophies-full custom and semi custom design, silicon compiler, trends in VLSI.
4 hours

Chapter 2: Processing of MOS Devices:

Brief overview of oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, sputtering, chemical vapour deposition and
etching. NMOS-self aligned process. CMOS- n-well, p-well and twin tub processes. Channel stop
implantation, LOCOS and STI isolations to be discussed. Layout details and examples.
6 hours

Chapter 3: MOS Devices:

Depletion and enhancement type transistors, construction and working. Transfer and output
characteristics, drain current equation, expressions gm, w0, Cg, Cox, current gain factor etc.
4 hours

Chapter 4: MOS circuits and building blocks:

Different inverter configurations, CMOS and BiCMOS inverters, characteristics, power dissipation,
noise margin, switch logic and restoring logic, implementation of building blocks such as logic gates,
transmission gates, MUXs latches and registers, multivalued logic. Analog building blocks: current
mirrors, differential amplifiers, op-amps, CMOS memory and filters.
10 hours

PART-B

Chapter 5: Delay calculations:

Definitions of sheet resistance, standard unit of capacitance and delay, their calculations, inverter pair
delay, designs of I/Os, design of tapered buffer. 3 hours

Chapter 6: Scaling:
Different scaling models, merits of scaling, limitations of scaling based design rules.
4 hours

Chapter 7: VLSI testing:

Testing philosophy, VLSI testing process and test equipment, fault modeling, testing combinational
and sequential logic. Design for testability (DFT). San design techniques BIST.
7 hours

Chapter 8: Programmable devices:

ROMs, PALs, PALs, PLDs & FPGAs, Types of FPGAs. Xilinx and Altera series of ICs. Two typical
ICs from each vendor, Architecture and details, design examples.
10 hours

References:
1. Weste and Eshraghian: Principles of CMOS VLSI design: A systems perspective, pearson education.
2. J.M.Rabaey, A.Chandrakasan, B.Nikolic: Digital Integrated circuits: A design perspective, P.E
3. Kang and Lebleici: CMOS digital integrated circuits, TMH edition
4. Baker, Li and Boyce: CMOS circuit design, layout and simulation, PHI EEE.
 EC606: COMPUTER ORGANISATION & ARCHITECTURE

PART-A

1. Machines, machine languages and digital logic:

Classification of computers and their instruction, computer instruction sets, informal description of the
simple RISC computers, Formal description of RISC using register transfer notation, RTN. Describing
adressing modes with RTN. Register tranfers and logic circuits from behaviour to hardware.
 7 hours

2. Real machines:
Machine characteristics and performance. Machine performance. RISC versus CISC. A CISC
microprocessor. The motorola 68000. RISC architecture the SPARC.
6 hours

3. Processor design:
The design process, A 1-bus micro-architecture for the SRC. Data path implementation, logic design
for the 1-bus SRC. The control unit 2 and 3-bus processor designs. The machine reset, machine
exceptions. 7 hours

4. Advanced topics:
Advanced topics: Pipelining, instruction-level parallelism- microprogramming. 4 hours

PART-B

5. Computer arithmetic and the arithmetic units:

Number systems and Radix conversion, fixed point arithmetic semi-numeric aspects of ALU design,
floating point arithmetic.
4 hours

6. Memory system design:

Introduction, the components of the memory systems, RAM structures the logic designers' perspective.
Memory boards and module. Two level memory hierarchy, the cache. Virtual memory, the memory
subsystem in the computer. 7 hours

7. Input and Output:

The I/O subsystem, programmed I/O interrupts. Direct memory access (DMA). I/O data format change
and error control. 6 hours

8. Peripheral devices:
Magnetic disk drives, display devices, printers, input devices, interfacing to the analog world.
7 hours

References:
1. Hayes “Computer architecture & organisation: McGraw Hill.
2. Hooy.F.Jordan: Computer system design & Architecture. Addision Wesly.
3. Stallings: Computer Organisation & architecture designing for performance, PHI.

EC -607N ANALOG COMMUNICATION AND MICROWAVE LAB

I...analog communication experiments

1 design and testing of butterworth second order active filters-LPF,HPE,BPF,BEF

2 constant K ,T and Pi type filters- LPF,HPE,BPF,BEF

3 AM generation and detection

4 FM generation and detection

5 DSBSC/SSB generation and detection

II....microwave Experiments

1 mode curves of microwave source (gunn/klystron)

2 measurement of frequency and VSWR

3 measurement on unknown impedence (use slotted line and smith chart)

4 experiment on directional coupler

5 experiments on magic tee

6 measurement of antenna parameters( may be of horn antenna)

III...study of radio transmitter and receiver characteristics

 EC 608:DSP LAB
1. Getting started with MATLAB
2. Discrete time signals & systems .
Find impulse response , step response ,Ramp response & Frequency response of a given
system.
3. Time and Frequency domain responses
a) Linear convolution
b) circular convolution
c) verification of Linear convolution using DFT
d) Finding DFT using FFT algorithms
e) Finding the Inverse FFT
4. Z-Transform
a) Finding solution to the LCCDE
b) Partial fraction expansion of Z-Transform .
5. Digital filter design
a) IIR digital filter design by Impulse Invariance method (both Butterworth & Chebshev filters).
b) IIR digital filter design by Bilinear Transformation (both Butterworth & Chebshev filters) .
c) FIR Digital filter design by windows.
6. Simulink and DSP Block set.
7. DSP hardware experiments using DSP starter kits.
a) Addition
b) Subtraction
c) Multiplication
d) Division
e) Factorial
f) Generation of different waveforms
g) Generation of Echo
 Equivalent Subjects:

The following equivalent subjects have been suggested in the BOS meeting for the students failed in
the 97-98 onwards batch.

1. IV sem....... FIELDS AND WAVES...... III sem – Fields waves of 2K1

2. V! sem...... Introduction to DSP ...... VI DSP of 2K1

But no equivalent subjects were suggested for the failed students of 2K1 scheme as the scheme is not
yet wound up.Equivalent subjects should be suggested only after the course is wound up.So it was
suggested grant carry over for the present 2K1 scheme .Students who are in V semester will be highly
benefited on one side and the examination system will be simplified on other hand.

Now university has already granted carry over for the VII semester students to carry ahead the
bridge mathematics subject. This facilty should have been extended to all the subjects. I have the
example of a student having failed in the subject ߧSignals and systems if III sem ߨ. He does not
have the backlog of more than 4 subjects in V and VI semesters put together . But for this III
sem. Subject ,he should have been in VII sem. This is a clear discrimination and we strongly urge
the authorities to implement carry over for the 2K1 scheme of students uniformly for all the
subjects whether it is bridge Mathematics or some other subject in the best interest of students.