Q1a

Step 5: Determine the volume of material on the composting pad:

a. Enter the material retention time (MRT) for the composting
operation.
b. Enter a windrow shrinkage factor, typically a 25% volume reduction so default value is 0.75.
c. Record the MRT, the shrinkage factor,
& the material volume.

Enter the
MRT = 90 days
Enter the shrinkage factor (default
value is 0.75) = 0.75
The resulting material volume on the
composting pad (Vt) is = 6546 cubic meters

Step 5: Determine the volume of material on the composting pad:

a. Enter the material retention time (MRT) for the composting
operation.
b. Enter a windrow shrinkage factor, typically a 25% volume reduction so default value is 0.75.
c. Record the MRT, the shrinkage factor,
& the material volume.

Enter the
MRT = 90 days
Enter the shrinkage factor
(shrinkage factor not considered) = 1
The resulting material volume on the
composting pad (Vt) is = 8728 cubic meters
Q1b composting pile height

@ 2.5 m

@ 3.5 m
Q1c: all pile heights @ 5 m

Composting @ 2.5m

Composting @ 5 m
Curing @ 2.5m

Curing @ 5m
Storage @ 2.5m

Storage @ 5 m

All pile @ 5 m
Q2a

Step 1: Enter material characteristics in

table.
Feedstock Characteristics
Material %MC %N C:N Wet bulk
(wb) (db) (wt:wt) Density
(kg/m3)

a. sso 75 1.4 36 700

b. fresh w c 42 0.12 425 320
c. Other. 1 1 1 1
d. Recycle. 1 1 1 1

Step 2: Determine the required recipe:

a. Enter proportions of each material below.
b. Record the resulting moisture content and C:N ratio.
c. Adjust proposrtions as required until desired MC and C:N achieved. Volumetric Volume/1000 kg
wet mass dry mass loader recipe loader recipe
Enter the amount of material a: 64.0 % 44.8 % 1.0 buckets 0.914 m3
Enter the amount of material b: 36.0 % 55.2 % 1.2 buckets 1.125 m3
Enter the amount of material c: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 buckets 0.000 m3
Enter the amount of material d: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 buckets 0.000 m3
Total = 100 % 100.0 % 2.2 buckets 2.039 m3
Must = 100.
The resulting MC = 63.1 %
The resulting C:N Ratio = 75.1

Step 3: Determine the resulting volume of material to be composted:

a. Enter the amount of primary material (material a) composted annually.
b. Record the amounts of each material.

Amount of primary material composted annually: 10000 wet tonnes per year
2500.0 dry tonnes per year
Amount of each material required:
a. sso 10000.0 wet t/yr 2500.0 dry t/yr 14285.7 m3 / year
b. fresh w c 5625.0 wet t/yr 3262.5 dry t/yr 17578.1 m3 / year
c. Other. 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
d. Recycle. 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
TOTALS 15625.0 wet t/yr 5762.5 dry t/yr 31863.8 m3 / year
Step 4: Determine the volume of material to be composted, bulk density, & air space (AS) at start-up:
a. Enter the expected volume reduction when materials are mixed. This is
typically a 20% volume reduction so the default value is 0.8.
b. Record the amount of material composted annually, the expected volume reduction,
the resulting start-up volume, & the resulting weight.

Enter the amount of volume reduction expected (default = 0.8) = 0.8

The resulting volume of mixture at start-up is = 25491 cubic metres per year
The resulting bulk density at start-up is = 613 wet kg / cubic metre AS (%)= 41.2
226 dry kg / cubic metre

Q3a

Calgary facility data;

$143M capital. • 521,000 ft2 • ~145,000 wet tonnes per year: – OFMSW (SSO) = 100,000 t y-1 –
Biosolids = 45,000 t y-1 • Total MRT = 60 days • Method: – 18 vessels (1 always spare) – 7.5 wide x 10
high x 55 m long = 4,125 m3 each. – MRT = 21 days – 500 wet tonnes per vessel – Aeration = 850,000 ft3
h-1

But 1 sq ft = 0.092903 sq m

Thus 521,000 sq ft = 48402.463 sq m

Then Biosolids = 45,000/48402.463 = 0.93 t m-2 y-1

And Total = 145,000/48402.463 = 2.99 t m-2 y-1

Edmonton facility data;

Biosolids = 0.46 + 0.11 = 0.57 t m-2 y-1

Total = 0.71 + 0.28 = 0.99 t m-2 y-1

Material Loading rate – Edmonton Loading rate – Calgary

Biosolids 0.57 t m-2 y-1 0.93 t m-2 y-1
Total 0.99 t m-2 y-1 2.99 t m-2 y-1
Q4a

Step 1: Enter material characteristics in

table.
Feedstock Characteristics
Wet
Material %MC %N C:N
bulk
(db
(wb) (wt:wt) Density
)
(kg/m3)

a. Fod waste (FW) 70 2.5 19 500

b. Leaf & yard waste (LYW) 50 3.4 14 450
c. Other. 1 1 1 1
d. Recycle. 1 1 1 1

Step 2: Determine the required

recipe:
a. Enter proportions of each material
below.
b. Record the resulting moisture content and
C:N ratio.
c. Adjust proposrtions as required until desired MC and Volume/100
C:N achieved. Volumetric 0 kg
wet dry loader
mass mass recipe loader recipe
1. bucket 2.00
Enter the amount of material a: 100.0 % 91.4 % 0 s 0 m3
0. bucket 0.00
Enter the amount of material b: 0.0 % 8.6 % 0 s 0 m3
0. bucket 0.00
Enter the amount of material c: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0 s 0 m3
0. bucket 0.00
Enter the amount of material d: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0 s 0 m3
Tot 1. bucket 2.00
al = 100 % 100.0 % 0 s 0 m3
Must = 100.
The resulting MC = 70.0 %
The resulting C:N Ratio = 19.0
Step 3: Determine the resulting volume of material to be composted:
a. Enter the amount of primary material (material a) composted annually.
b. Record the amounts of each material.

Amount of primary material composted annually: 1350 wet tonnes per year
405.0 dry tonnes per year
Amount of each material required:
a. Fod waste (FW) 1350.0 wet t/yr 405.0 dry t/yr 2700.0 m3 / year
b. Leaf & yard waste (LYW) 115.0 wet t/yr 57.5 dry t/yr 255.6 m3 / year
c. Other. 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
d. Recycle. 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
TOTALS 1465.0 wet t/yr 462.5 dry t/yr 2955.6 m3 / year

Step 4: Determine the volume of material to be composted, bulk density, & air
space (AS) at start-up:
a. Enter the expected volume reduction when materials
are mixed. This is
typically a 20% volume reduction so the
default value is 0.8.
b. Record the amount of material composted annually, the
expected volume reduction,
the resulting start-up volume, & the
resulting weight.

Enter the amount of volume reduction expected

(default = 0.8) = 0.8
The resulting volume of mixture cubic metres
at start-up is = 2364 per year
The resulting bulk density at wet kg / cubic
start-up is = 620 metre AS (%)= 40.5
dry kg / cubic
196 metre
Q4b

Step 1: Enter material characteristics in

table.
Feedstock Characteristics
Material %MC %N C:N Wet bulk
(wb) (db) (wt:wt) Density
(kg/m3)

a. FW 70 2.5 19 500
b. LYW 50 3.4 14 450
c. WC 42 0.12 425 320
d. Recycle. 1 1 1 1

Step 2: Determine the required recipe:

a. Enter proportions of each material
below.
b. Record the resulting moisture content and C:N ratio.
c. Adjust proposrtions as required until desired MC and C:N Volume/100
achieved. Volumetric 0 kg
dry loader
wet mass mass recipe loader recipe
Enter the amount of 1. bucket 2.00
material a: 100.0 % 91.4 % 0 s 0 m3
Enter the amount of 0. bucket 0.00
material b: 0.0 % 8.6 % 0 s 0 m3
Enter the amount of 0. bucket 0.00
material c: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0 s 0 m3
Enter the amount of 0. bucket 0.00
material d: 0.0 % 0.0 % 0 s 0 m3
1. bucket 2.00
Total = 100 % 100.0 % 0 s 0 m3
Must = 100.
The resulting MC = 70.0 %
The resulting C:N
Ratio = 19.0
 Step 3: Determine the resulting volume of material to be composted:
a. Enter the amount of primary material (material a) composted annually.
b. Record the amounts of each material.

wet tonnes per

Amount of primary material composted annually: 1350 year
dry tonnes per
405.0 year
Amount of each material required:
a. FW 1350.0 wet t/yr 405.0 dry t/yr 2700.0 m3 / year
b. LYW 115.0 wet t/yr 57.5 dry t/yr 255.6 m3 / year
c. WC 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
d. Recycle. 0.0 wet t/yr 0.0 dry t/yr 0.0 m3 / year
TOTALS 1465.0 wet t/yr 462.5 dry t/yr 2955.6 m3 / year

Step 4: Determine the volume of material to be composted, bulk density, & air
space (AS) at start-up:
a. Enter the expected volume reduction when materials are
mixed. This is
typically a 20% volume reduction so the
default value is 0.8.
b. Record the amount of material composted annually, the expected
volume reduction,
the resulting start-up volume, & the
resulting weight.

Enter the amount of volume reduction

expected (default = 0.8) = 0.8
The resulting volume of cubic metres
mixture at start-up is = 2364 per year
The resulting bulk density at wet kg / cubic
start-up is = 620 metre AS (%)= 40.5
dry kg / cubic
196 metre
Q5a

Q5b

Q5c

Calgary facility in-class data;

$143M capital. • 521,000 ft2 • ~145,000 wet tonnes per year: – OFMSW (SSO) = 100,000 t y-1 –
Biosolids = 45,000 t y-1 • Total MRT = 60 days • Method: – 18 vessels (1 always spare) – 7.5 wide x 10
high x 55 m long = 4,125 m3 each. – MRT = 21 days – 500 wet tonnes per vessel – Aeration = 850,000 ft3
h-1