Otro 5 Cap

FE1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 1‐ Motion in One Dimension
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
FE 1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 1- Motion in One Dimension & Two Dimensions
P2.5 A person walks first at a constant speed of 5.00 m/s along a straight line from point A
to point B and then back along the line from B to A at a constant speed of 3.00 m/s.
What is (a) her average speed over the entire trip? (b) her average velocity over the entire trip?
(a) Hints:
(i) Distance between A and B is constant, take it as l.
(ii) Speed =
(iii) Write an equation each for time taken from A to B, t1 and B to A, t2.
(iv) Average speed =
Solution:
t1 = l / 5.00 t2 = l / 3.00
Average speed = 3.75 m/s
(b) Hints:
Average velocity =
Solution:
Total displacement = 0, because the person starts from A and ends at A.
Average velocity = 0
1
Done by: Poon Di Ming (poon0019@ntu.edu.sg)
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
P2.16 An object moves along the x axis according to the equation x(t) = (3.00t2 – 2.00t +
3.00) m. Determine (a) the average speed between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s, (b) the
instantaneous speed at t = 2.00 s and at t = 3.00 s, (c) the average acceleration
between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s, and (d) the instantaneous acceleration at t = 2.00 s
and t = 3.00 s.
(a) Hints:
(i) Substitute value of t into x(t) to find the position, x for t = 2.00 s and
t = 3.00 s.
(ii) Average speed =
Solutions:
X1 = 11.0 m
X2 = 24.0 m
t1 – t2 = 1.0 s
Average speed = 13.0 m/s
(b) Hints:
(i) Differentiate x(t) in order to get instantaneous speed, v(t).
(ii) Put the values of t into equation v(t).
Solutions:
v(t) = 6.00t – 2.00
v(2.00) = 10.0 m/s
v(3.00) = 16.0 m/s
(c) the average acceleration between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s

Average acceleration =
= 6.00 m/s2
(d) Differentiate v(t) to get instantaneous acceleration, a(t).

Solution:
a(t) = 6.00 m/s2
So, for any second of time, the object moves with 6.00 m/s2 acceleration.
2
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
P2.29 The driver of a car slams on the brakes when he sees a tree blocking the road.
The car slows uniformly with an acceleration of –5.60 m/s2 for 4.20 s, making
straight skid marks 62.4 m long ending at the tree. With what speed does the car
then strike the tree?
Hints:
(i) The car slows uniformly with a negative acceleration meaning that the
velocity versus time graph is a straight line with a certain gradient.
(ii) Average velocity = = ½(u + v)

(iii) Acceleration, a = (v – u )/ t
Solutions:
We can simplify the equation above into:
u + v = 2s/t ---- (i)
v – u = at --- (ii)
We can plus the (i) and (ii) to get the value of v.
v = 3.10 m/s
3
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
P2.56 The acceleration of a marble in a certain fluid is proportional to the speed of the
marble squared, and is given (in SI units) by a = –3.00 v2 for v > 0. If the marble
enters this fluid with a speed of 1.50 m/s, how long will it take before the
marble's speed is reduced to half of its initial value?
Hints:
(i) a = –3.00 v2 for v > 0, meaning that the acceleration is not constant.
So integration of the equation should be needed for this question.
(ii) a = dv/dt
(iii) vi = 1.50 m/s, vf = 0.75 m/s
Solutions:
a = –3.00 v2
dv/dt = -3.00v2
dv = -3.00
t= s
4
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
P3.6 If the polar coordinates of the point (x, y) are (r, θ), determine the polar
coordinates for the points: (a) (−x, y), (b) (−2x, −2y), and (c) (3x, −3y).
Hints:
It is better to draw out the information given by the question to understand it.
Polar coordinates of the point (x, y) are (r, θ):
The relation of r with x and y is r2 = x2 + y2
Solutions:
(a)
Polar Coordinate = (r, 180º - θ)

(b) Since r2 = x2 + y2 , so (-2x)2 + (-2y)2 = (2r)2
Since both value of x and y is just doubled and have negative sign, we know that
the point is at 3rd quadrant.
Polar Coordinate = (2r, 180º + θ)
(c) Since r2 = x2 + y2 , so (3x)2 + (-3y)2 = (3r)2
Now the point is 3 times the distance from the original point, just that the point
has negative y value, so the point is at 4th quadrant.
Polar Coordinate = (3r, - θ)
5
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
P3.11 A skater glides along a circular path of radius 5.00 m. If he coasts around one
half of the circle, find (a) the magnitude of the displacement vector and (b) how
far the person skated. (c) What is the magnitude of the displacement if he skates
all the way around the circle?
Hints:
To find displacement vector, we can simply draw a rough drawing to know where the
skater starts to skate and where he ends.
Solutions:
(a) Magnitude of the displacement vector = 2r = 10.0 m

(b) Distance travelled = ½ the circumference of the circle
= ½ ( 2πr)
= 15.7 m
(c) Displacement = 0
6
FE1001 Physics 1
&2 Dimensions
2007/08 Sem 1
7
FE 1001 PHYSICS
TUTORIAL #3-CHAPTER 4&5
2007/2008 SEMESTER 1
FE 1001 Physics
Tutorial-3 Guide
P4.22
2150m is the vertical distance and X is the horizontal distance. a is the

angle of the bomb below horizontal line. Resolve the linear velocity of
the bomb into vertical and horizontal component.
First, find the time taken to reach the target and substitute into the vertical
distance equation (S y =u y t+ 1 at 2 )where a=g. By using:
2
( cos a ) =1+(tan a) to form a quadratic equation and find he angle a of
1 2 2
the bomb.
P4.30
Since the astronauts are undergoing circular motion with constant
velocity. Therefore , they are experiencing a centripetal acceleration
toward the rotating mechanical arm.
By applying the centripetal acceleration equation: a=r
v2
r
and ν=rω
to find the circular velocity of the mechanical arm in radius per second.
Finally, the answer is converted to revolution per second by dividing it
with 2π.
Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 1

FE 1001 PHYSICS
P4.35
a) The particle moves in a circular path of radius 2.50m and has a

resultant acceleration a of 15m/s.The acceleration vector makes an
angle of 30˚ with the a r component. Resolve a into its X
component to find a r .
b) By applying a r =ν 2 /r equation to find the linear velocity of the
particle.
c) To find tangential acceleration of particle by resolving a
component to its y component.

FE 1001 PHYSICS
P4.38
a) a h =(3.00i-2.00j)m/s 2 and a j =(1.00i+3.00j)m/s 2 .Convert

both the acceleration of Heather and Jill to velocity by applying
the equation v=u+at. The initial velocity, u=0 and time
t=5s.v =v -v
hj h j which shows that the speed of Heather with
respect to Jill (the speed of Heather as observe by Jill when they
moving away from each other).
b) By applying the equation r f =r i +ut+ 1 at 2 where a=the
2
acceleration of Heather with respect to Jill.
c) The same method as shown in a) is applied.( a hj =a h -a j ).

FE 1001 PHYSICS
E061.1
I. Car A is moving in a clockwise direction as shown in the figure.

This means car A is moving towards negative y direction with
respect to car B. Therefore, velocity of car A with respect to car
B, V ArB =V A -V B .
II. Convert V A in km/s to m/s .Since car B moving in a straight line
with constant velocity, and a B =0.Car A moves in a circular
experience a centripetal acceleration. The method to find
acceleration of car A with respect to car B is similar to first
question.
III. Find the angle covered after 5s within the circular path. Assume
the position of the car from the origin as a polar coordinate and
apply Eular’s equation to find the polar coordinate of the car
and the magnitude of the vector.

FE 1001 PHYSICS
P5.23
5.00N
As shown in the figure, F 1 is the X component of the resultant force. By

applying Newton’s second law F=ma to find the resultant force and
resolve it to F 1 and determine its direction.

FE 1001 PHYSICS
P5.24
From the diagram shown, the table is frictionless and the

frictional force can be ignored. The two blocks have weight due
to gravitational pull and acting perpendicularly downward. For
the 5.00kg block which is place on the table experience a normal
reaction force from the table according to Newton’s third law.
As for the string which is connected by a smooth pulley
experience the same tension at both end of the string.
For the 5.00kg block:

The tension is the only force acting on the block. Apply Newton’s second
law F=ma .

FE 1001 PHYSICS
For the 9.00kg block:

This block is moving downward. Hence , resultant force is mg-T=ma.
By substituting all the data given and solve the equations simultaneously
to get the acceleration of the blocks and the tension of the string.

FE1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 4 – Circular Motion
& Other Application of Newton’s Laws
2007/08 Sem 1
FE1001 Physics I
Tutorial 4 - Circular Motion and Other Applications of Newton’s Laws
P5.44 Three objects are connected on the table as shown in Figure P5.44.
The table is rough and has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.350. The
objects have masses 4.00 kg, 1.00 kg and 2.00 kg, as shown, and the pulleys
are frictionless. Draw free‐body diagrams of each of the objects. (a)
Determine the acceleration of each object and their directions. (b)
Determine the tensions in the two cords.

T1 T2

T1 T2

Hint: i.) Construt free body diagram
ii.) ΣF = ma
iii.) FR = N, N = normal force

Solution:
T1 T2

1.00 kg

4.00 kg T1
T2
2.00 kg

FR
4g 2g

a.)ΣF = ma
4g – T1 = 4a……( 1 ) T1 – T2 ‐ FR = a …….( 2 ) T2 – 2g = 2a…...…( 3 )

Solving equation ( 1 ), ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) will get acceleration, a for each object. All
objects will have the same acceleration since they are connected with cords.

b.) Substitute the value of a into equation ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) will give us the value
of T1 and T2.

Done by WeiShin(ws87cheah@hotmail.com)
1
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P5.69 A van accelerates down a hill (Fig. P5.69), going from rest to 30.0 m/s
in 6.00 s. During the acceleration, a toy (m = 0.100 kg) hangs by a string from
the vanʹs ceiling. The acceleration is such that the string remains
perpendicular to the ceiling. Determine (a) the angle θ and (b) the tension
in the string.

Hint: i.) Free body diagram
ii.) ΣF = ma

Solution:
a.) Vi = Vf + at. Substituting the given values will give us the value of
acceleration, a.

Θ
T T
θ mg

F = ma
F
mg
sin θ = F / mg
=a/g
b.) Tension,T of the string can be found by solving the triangle.

2
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P6.24 A small container of water is placed on a carousel inside a microwave
oven, at a radius of 12.0 cm from the center. The turntable rotates steadily,
turning through one revolution in each 7.25 s. What angle does the water
surface make with the horizontal?

The concept of centrifugal force can be used in this used in this question.
Ffugal = Fac
2
= mrω
Note that Ft, the net normal force of the container on the water will always be
tangential to the surface of the water.
Since the water is staying in that position, we can equate the net vertical force
with the net horizontal force using Ft and solve for θ.

3
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P6.25 A person stands on a scale in an elevator. As the elevator starts, the
scale has a constant reading of 591 N. As the elevator later stops, the scale
reading is 391 N. Assume the magnitude of the acceleration is the same
during starting and stopping, and determine (a) the weight of the person, (b)
the personʹs mass, and (c) the acceleration of the elevator.

Hint: i.) Draw free body diagram for each case
ii.) ΣF = ma

Solution:
R R

a a

mg mg

R – mg = ma mg – R = ma
R = m ( a + g ) R = m ( g – a )
591 = m ( a + 9.8 )…( 1 ) 391 = m ( 9.8 – a )…( 2 )

Solving equation ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) will give us acceleration of elevator, a. The
weight of the person can be found by substituting the value of a into either
equation ( 1 ) or ( 2 ).

4
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P6.36 A fire helicopter carries a 620‐kg bucket at the end of a cable 20.0 m
long as in Figure P6.36. As the helicopter flies to a fire at a constant speed of
40.0 m/s, the cable makes an angle of 40.0° with respect to the vertical. The
bucket presents a cross‐ sectional area of 3.80 m2 in a plane perpendicular
to the air moving past it. Determine the drag coefficient assuming that the
resistive force is proportional to the square of the bucketʹs speed.

Hint: i.) Construct free body diagram
ii.) Equate and solve the forces
T

Solution:

θ = 400 T cos θ = mg…( 1 ) T sin θ = R…( 2 )
T Solving equation ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) will give the
value of resistive force, R.
R
R = ½ DρAV2, where D = drag coefficient
ρ= density of air
A=cross‐sectional
mg area of the object
Free body diagram of the bucket V=speed of the object

*Density of air = 1.2 kgm‐3

5
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P6.63 An amusement park ride consists of a rotating circular platform 8.00
m in diameter from which 10.0‐kg seats are suspended at the end of 2.50‐m
massless chains (Fig. P6.63). When the system rotates, the chains make an
angle θ = 28.0° with the vertical. (a) What is the speed of each seat? (b) Draw
a free‐body diagram of a 40.0‐kg child riding in a seat and find the tension
in the chain.


Solution:
a.) T
T cos θ = mg…( 1 ) T sin θ = Fc
θ T sin θ = mv / r…( 2 )
2

Fc Solving equation ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) will give the
value of speed, v.
mg (Please take note, r is the radius from the centre of the circle)

Free body diagram of the seat

b.)
T’ T’ cos θ = ( mseat + mboy ) g
θ
Fc’ We can find out the and by substituting the
given values.

( mseat + mboy ) g

6
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

E052.1 A slider P of mass 1 kg is placed on an inclined rod BC. The
coefficient of static friction between the slider and the rod is μs = 0.2. The
inclined rod rotates about a vertical axis AB with a constant angular speed,
ω, as shown in Figure E052.1. At the instant shown, the slider is positioned
at 0.6 m from B.

i. What is the acceleration of slider P if it does not slide on the rod?
ii. Determine the maximum angular speed the rod can have so that the slider P does
not slide up the rod. Draw a free body diagram of the slider showing all the
forces acting on it in the vertical plane ABC.
iii. If the angular speed of the rod increases at a rate of 10 rad/s2 at the instant shown,
before the slider starts to slip, what is the tangential contact force exerted by
the rod on the slider?


Solution:
Reaction Force, R y
300
x
Fcentrifugal
600
FR

mg
i. a = r ω
2
ii. Solve the forces in x and y direction will give us the max. angular velocity,
ω.
( y direction ) R cos 30 – FR cos 60 – mg = 0
( x direction ) Fcentrifugal – R sin 30 – FR sin 60 = 0
* Fcentrifugal = mrω2
iii. dω / dt = 10 rad/s2
a = rα = r ( dω / dt )
F = ma
7
FE1001 Physics 1
Tutorial #5 (Chapter 7 & 8 Problems)
Energy and Energy Transfer
Potential Energy
FE 1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 5
P7.17 Truck suspensions often have “helper springs” that engage at high loads. One such
arrangement is a leaf spring with a helper coil spring mounted on the axle, as in Figure
P7.17. The helper spring engages when the main leaf spring is compressed by distance y0,
and then helps to support any additional load. Consider a leaf spring constant of 5.25 × 105
N/m, helper spring constant of 3.60 × 105 N/m, and y0 = 0.500 m. (a) What is the compression
of the leaf spring for a load of 5.00 × 105 N? (b) How much work is done in compressing the
springs?
a) Tips:
Main formula used : F = ks ( k = spring constant , s = distance of compression )

Notice that after a distance of y0, the helper spring will starts to work, and therefore, taking
up some of the force left after the compression of y0 distance of the leaf spring.

Hint :
Let FL = force by leaf spring , FH = force by helper spring ,
y1 = distance of compression of the spring for the remaining force after y0
F = ks

Total force implied = total force supported by springs
5×105 = FL + FH
= 5.25 × 105 ( y0 + y1 ) + 3.60 × 105 (y1)
y1 = 5×105 ‐ 5.25 × 105( 0.5)
( 5.25+3.60) ×105
= 0.268m
Therefore, total compression of leaf spring = y0 + y1 = 0.768m

b) Tips : work done in spring = k
So for this question, just sum up the total work done by both of the springs!
Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

1
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy
P7.33 A crate of mass 10.0 kg is pulled up a rough incline with an initial speed of 1.50
m/s. The pulling force is 100 N parallel to the incline, which makes an angle of 20.0°
with the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.400, and the crate is pulled
5.00 m. (a) How much work is done by the gravitational force on the crate? (b)
Determine the increase in internal energy of the crate-incline system due to friction.
(c) How much work is done by the 100-N force on the crate? (d) What is the
change in kinetic energy of the crate? (e) What is the speed of the crate after
being pulled 5.00 m?
a) Tips :
work done = force in the direction of distance travelled × distance travelled

Hint :
‐(mg)sinθ × 5 = ‐10(9.81) sin 20 × 5
= ‐168J
( note that it is in “‐“ , because the direction of the force applied by gravity is opposite to the
direction of the distance, therefore have to put a “‐“ infront of the force or the distance
travelled in order to satisfy the equation. )

b) Tips : friction force = kFn ( where k = coefficient of kinetic friction, Fn= normal force )
Increase in internal energy due friction = work done by friction

Hint :
U = Friction force × distance
= k × (mg)sinθ × 5
= 0.400 × 10(9.81)sin 20 × 5
= 184J

c) Tips : W=Fs
answer = 500J

d) Tips : try equating all the energy involved in the whole system and solve for the kinetic
energy

Hint : Work done = change in potential energy + change in internal energy +
change in kinetic energy
therefore, change in kinetic enegy can be found! ( answer = 148J)

e) Tips : there are several ways to find the final speed, but try to make use of what you
have found in the
previous part of the question.
(hint : kinetic energy is directly proportional to the mass and speed2 of a system)

2
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy

Hint :
In part d, we found the change in kinetic energy
So, change in KE = mvf2 ‐ mvi2
Therefore, vf2 = (148 + (10)1.52) 2 / 10

vf =
= 5.64ms‐1

P8.50 The mass of a car is 1500 kg. The shape of the body is such that its aerodynamic drag
coefficient is D = 0.330 and the frontal area is 2.50 m2. Assuming that the drag force is
proportional to v2 and neglecting other sources of friction, calculate the power required to
maintain a speed of 100 km/h as the car climbs a long hill sloping at 3.20°.

Tips : 1)power = = Fv
2) to have a maintained speed, that means the total force of the system have to = 0
3) remember to convert all units given to SI unit before calculation.

Hint : 100 km/h = 27 ms‐1
total force = force of car ‐ frictional force‐ force by gravity on car
Since total force = 0 , Force of car = frictional force + force by gravity on car
F = (air density)DAv2 + mg sin θ
= ( 1.2)(0.330)(2.5)(27 )2 + (1500)(9.81)sin 3.2

Power of car = Fv
= ( ( 1.2)(0.330)(2.5)(27 )2 + (1500)(9.81)sin 3.2) × 27
= 33.4kW

3
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy

P8.20 The system shown in Figure P8.20 consists of a light inextensible cord, light
frictionless pulleys, and blocks of equal mass. It is initially held at rest so that the
blocks are at the same height above the ground. The blocks are then released. Find
the speed of block A at the moment when the vertical separation of the blocks is h.

Concept check :which block will go down?? A
or B ?
The answer is A simply because
The tension in the string
holding A is bigger than that of
B, because there are two strings
supporting the weight of B
which happens to be as same as A.

Tips : when solving this question, the most
important part to get the answer is by understanding
how does the blocks falls. Is it by the same speed?
Does it falls by the same distance or are they
different.

Hint :
Concept: as A drop 2m( assumption), B will only go up by 1m, as B is supported by 2
strings in parallel and therefore, contributing each half of the length needed to pull the
block up.
Therefore, if the vertical separation between the blocks is h, then A will be contributing h
while B contributes h.

Lost in PE of block A = gain in PE of block B + gain in KE of block A&B
mg h= mg h + m(vA2+vB2) ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ○1

vA / vB = /
= Sa / Sb
= 2
Therefore, vB = ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐○
2

4
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy
○ 2 ○
1

g h= g h + ( vA2 + (vA/2)2 )
vA =
A force acting on a particle moving in the xy plane is given by F=2yˆ i +x2ˆ j N,

where x and y are in meters. The particle moves from the origin to a final position
having coordinates x = 5.00 m and y = 5.00 m, as in Figure P8.23. Calculate the work
done by F along (a) OAC, (b) OBC, (c) OC. (d) Is F conservative or non-
conservative? Explain.
Tips: when dealing with this question, the main concern that you will have to always
bare in mind is the direction with respect to its vector notation.
Other than that, note that i × j=0 and i×i or j×j = 1 in vector.

a) Tips : work done = dx
Note that when the value of distance travelled is used, a vector notation is needed
to clarify its’ direction. Eg: OA= 5i
Hint :
WOAC = WOA + WAC
WOA = dx Note that ‘x2’ in this case is treated as a constant due to its
vector notation, because in the direction of j, x is not affected,
therefore it’s a constant.
= [ 2yix + x2jx ]5i
= 2(0)i(5i) + 52j(5i)

5
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy
= 0J

WAC = dy
= [ 2yiy + x2jy ]5j
= 2(5)i(5j) + 52j(5j)
= 0 +125
= 125J
WOAC = 125J

b) hint same as (a), answer = 50J

c) WOC = ds ( note that ds is used because this time, its not in the direction of
either j nor i)
= dx + dy ( to make calculation easier, it is separated and therefore,
determination of the factor of integration is possible )

since as shown in the diagram, in OC,at any instant, y=x
therefore,
WOC = dx + dy ( in this situation, x and y2 is not treated as constant as they
were in the earlier part because in OC, x and y changes in
both j and i direction. )
= [ ]5 + [ ]5
= 66.7J

d)Tips :
Conservative force = force that is conserved, and it’s work is independent of the path it
takes

Hint : F is not conservative because it’s work is dependent of the path it takes.


6
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy

E042.2 A force, Fr, acts in a constant direction on a 10-kg block as shown in Figure
E042.2. The magnitude of the force varies with the position s of the block, as given
by F=60s2.
When s = 0, the block is moving horizontally to the right with a speed of 3 m/s.
(i) Calculate the work done by the force, Fr

, on the block as it slides 2 m.
(ii) Using the work and kinetic energy principle, determine the speed of the block after it slides 2
m. Assume that there is no friction between the block and the ground.
(iii) If friction exists between the block and the ground such that the coefficient of kinetic
friction is 3.0=kμ
, what is the speed of the block at s = 2 m?

a) Tips:1) remember that work done must always be found by using F in the work direction
2) notice that the F given is a variable, therefore, W= have to be used in this
quaetion.

Hint : Fin direction of work = 60s2 cos θ = 60s2 ( ( in the display pic, can found that cosθ =
)
W =
ds
= 128J

b) Tips: Work and kinetic energy principle simply means that you will have to apply the
rule of
conservation of energy. Since there is no friction, total work done must be
converted to the total
increase in KE, and from there, speed can be found.

Hint:
Work done = change in KE
128 = m(v2‐u2)
= 10 (v2‐32)

V = 5.99ms‐1


7
FE1001 Physics 1
Potential Energy
c) Tips: this question is actually exactly same as part (a) and (b) just that now we need to
combine both.
Method in (a) is used to solve for the work done by friction, while method in (b) is
used to solve
for the final velocity after subtracting away the work done by friction from the total.

Hint:
Friction force in direction of work done by friction = μR
= μ( mg + Fsinθ ) ( note that sinθ = )
= 0.3( 98.1 + 36s2 )

Work done by friction= ‐ ds
= ‐87.66J ( note that its ‘‐’ because work done by friction is opposite
to the direction
of displacement of the object.)

Total work done + work done by friction = change in Kinetic Energy
128 + (‐87.66) = m(v2‐u2)
v= 4.13ms‐1


8
FE1001 PHYSICS I
TUTORIAL #6 –
LINEAR MOMENTUM & COLLISIONS
2007/08 Semester 1
FE1001 PHYSICS 1
TUTORIAL #6 – LINEAR MOMENTUM & COLLISIONS
P9.6 A friend claims that, as long as he has his seatbelt on, he can hold on to a 12.0-
kg child in a 60.0 mi/h (96 km/h) head-on collision with a brick wall, in which
the car passenger compartment comes to a stop in 0.050 0 s. Show that the
violent force during the collision will tear the child from his arms.
Hint:
Find the change in momentum in the system.

(Tip: Definition of linear momentum, p = mv)
The rate of change of momentum will thus gives us the violent force during the
collision. (Tip: Newton’s Second Law, )
P9.55 A 60.0-kg person running at an initial speed of 4.00 m/s jumps onto a 120-kg
cart initially at rest (Figure P9.55). The person slides on the cart’s top surface
and finally comes to rest relative to the cart. The coefficient of kinetic friction
between the person and the cart is 0.400. Friction between the cart and ground
can be neglected. (a) Find the final velocity of the person and cart relative to
the ground. (b) Find the friction force acting on the person while he is sliding
across the top surface of the cart. (c) How long does the friction force act on
the person? (d) Find the change in momentum of the person and the change in
momentum of the cart. (e) Determine the displacement of the person relative
to the ground while he is sliding on the cart. (f) Determine the displacement of
the cart relative to the ground while the person is sliding. (g) Find the change
in kinetic energy of the person. (h) Find the change in kinetic energy of the
cart.
Figure P9.55
Hint:
a) Consider the momentum of the whole system before and after the collision.
(Tip: Use Conservation of Linear momentum for perfectly inelastic collision)
1
Done by: Neo Ming Feng (z070141@ntu.edu.sg)
FE1001 PHYSICS I
TUTORIAL #6 –
2007/08 Semester 1
b) Frictional force is proportional to Normal Reaction Force
(Tip: F = μn, where n is the normal reaction force of the cart on the person.)
c) Use Kinematic Equation
(Tip: , vf = vi + at, where a can be derived using Newton’s 2nd law.)
d) Use the definition of linear momentum
e) Consider conservation of energy of the system.
(Tip: Energy lost by the person = Work done by Frictional Force)
f) Using Newton’s 2nd law, we can find the acceleration of the cart while the
person is sliding.
Use Kinematic Equation to solve for the displacement of the cart relative to
the ground while the person is sliding.
(Tip: use vf2 = vi2 + 2as)
g) Consider conservation of energy of the system.
(Tip: Energy lost by the person = Work done by Frictional Force)
h) Consider conservation of energy of the system.
(Tip: Energy gained by the cart = Change in Kinetic Energy)
P9.67 A 5.00-g bullet moving with an initial speed of 400 m/s is fired into and passes
through a 1.00-kg block, as in Figure P9.67. The block, initially at rest on a
frictionless, horizontal surface, is connected to a spring of force constant 900
N/m. If the block moves 5.00 cm to the right after impact, find (a) the speed at
which the bullet emerges from the block and (b) the mechanical energy
converted into internal energy in the collision.
Figure P9.67
Hint:
a) Find the total energy gained by the block after the bullet is driven through it.
(Tip: Use the equation for elastic potential energy)
Find the initial velocity of the block just after the bullet collided with it.
(Tip: Consider Conservation of Energy)
2
FE1001 PHYSICS I
TUTORIAL #6 –
2007/08 Semester 1
Solve for the speed at which the bullet emerges from the block.
(Tip: Consider Conservation of Momentum of the system)
b) Consider Conservation of Energy.
(Tip: Change in Mechanical Energy = Change in Kinetic Energy of the bullet)
P9.72 Sand from a stationary hopper falls onto a moving conveyor belt at the rate of
5.00 kg/s as in Figure P9.72. The conveyor belt is supported by frictionless
rollers and moves at a constant speed of 0.750 m/s under the action of a
constant horizontal external force Fext supplied by the motor that drives the
belt. Find (a) the sand's rate of change of momentum in the horizontal
direction, (b) the force of friction exerted by the belt on the sand, (c) the
external force Fext, (d) the work done by Fext in 1 s, and (e) the kinetic energy
acquired by the falling sand each second due to the change in its horizontal
motion.
Figure P9.72
Hint:
a) Given the rate of mass falling onto the moving conveyor belt, we will be able
to find the rate of the change momentum.
(Tip: Use the Definition of Linear Momentum)
b) Consider Newton’s Second Law.
(Tip: Fnet = Rate of change of momentum)
c) Consider Newton’s 3rd law of motion.
(Tip: Action Force = Reaction Force but in opposite direction)
d) =F.
(Tip: Rate of change of displacement = velocity)
e) Use equation of Ek.
(Tip: Gain in Ek per second = )
E062.2 A block A of mass 40 kg is pulled up a smooth, inclined surface by a winch,

as shown in Figure E062.2(i). The winch delivers a uniform tension force F to
its cable B. The tension force, F, varies with time as shown in Figure
E062.2(ii). Initially the block is resting on the slope against the wall.
(i) Determine the time at which the block starts to move up the incline.
(ii) Determine the speed of block A when t = 24 s.
3
FE1001 PHYSICS I
TUTORIAL #6 –
2007/08 Semester 1
Hint:
(i) Draw a free-body diagram
Considering the weight of block A, we can find the Reaction force, Ninitial, that
is acting by the wall on block A initially, t = 0s.
We can determine the time at which the block starts to move up the incline by
using the F vs t graph in Figure E062.2(ii). (You should derive and use the
equation of linear curve for range t=0s to t=10s to determine the time)
(Tip: The force at which the block starts to move up the incline is when
Reaction force by the wall on Block A is zero, i.e. F = Ninitial)
(ii)(Tip: Impulse, I = , where Fr is the resultant force on the block

p = mv)
I = Δp
Æ = Δ mv
Æ = m(vf – vi)
where
F is the force acting block A or the tension force in cable B
WAs is the component of block A’s weight parallel along the incline
ti is the time at which the block starts to move up the incline
Thus vf is the speed of block A when t=24s
4
[Fe1001] [Physics I]
Tutorial [7] – [Rotation of a Rigid Object About a Fixed Axis]
2007/2008 Semester 1
FE 1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 7-Rotation of a Rigid Object about a Fixed Axis
P10.24 Figure P10.24 shows a side view of a car tire. Model it as having two
sidewalls of uniform thickness 0.635 cm and a tread wall of uniform thickness
2.50 cm and width 20.0 cm. Assume the rubber has uniform density 1.10 × 103
kg/m3. Find its moment of inertia about an axis through its centre.
Figure P10.24
Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 1

Solution:
We can separate the tire into 3 parts, which are 2 sidewalls and 1 tread.
For the moment of inertia of the tire side way, we apply

, because r is not constant.

Moment of inertia of tire tread,
,because we consider tread as a hollow cylinder and not thin

cylindrical shell.
To find M,
Moment of inertia of the whole tire is

P10.29 Many machines employ cams for various purposes, such as opening and
closing valves. In Figure P10.29, the cam is a circular disk rotating on a
shaft that does not pass through the center of the disk. In the manufacture
of the cam, a uniform solid cylinder of radius R is first machined. Then an
off‐center hole of radius R/2 is drilled, parallel to the axis of the cylinder,
and centered at a point a distance R/2 from the center of the cylinder. The
cam, of mass M, is then slipped onto the circular shaft and welded into
place. What is the kinetic energy of the cam when it is rotating with
angular speed ω about the axis of the shaft?

Hints:
1) Find the moment of inertia of the cam using the parallel axis theorem.
(I=1/2MR2+MR2)
2) Use the formula K=1/2Iω2 to find the kinetic energy of the cam
3) Find the moment inertia and the mass of the cylinder which denoted by IS
and Ms respectively.
4) Find the mass of the cam in term of Mo which Mo is the mass solid circular
disc and M is the mass of the cam
5) Use the formula πR2tρ to get the mass of the Ms
Solution:
By using the parallel axis theorem, moment of inertia of the circular disc is
I=1/2 Mor2+Mor2
=1/2 MoR2+Mo(R/2)2
=3/4 MoR2

Is=1/2Ms(R/2)2
=1/8MsR2

Mo= πR2tρ
Ms= πr2tρ
= π(R/2)2tρ
=1/4 πR2tρ
=1/4Mo

M=Mo‐Ms
= Mo‐1/4
=3/4 Mo
Therefore Mo=4/3M and Ms=‐1/3M

Icam= I +Is
= 3/4 MoR2+1/8MsR2
=3/4 MoR2+1/8MsR2
=3/4(4/3M)R2+1/8(‐1/3M)R2
=23/24MR2

K=1/2Icamω2
= 1/2(23/24 MR2) ω2
= 23/48 MR2ω2

P10.30 The fishing pole in Figure P10.30 makes an angle of 20.0° with the horizontal.
What is the torque exerted by the fish about an axis perpendicular to the page
and passing through the fisherʹs hand?

Figure P10.30
Solution:
Find the perpendicular distance, r, of the tension from the Fisher’s hand.

Find the torque.
(Hint: Definition of torque, τ = r x F)

P10.39 An electric motor turns a flywheel through a drive belt that joins a pulley on
the motor and a pulley that is rigidly attached to the flywheel, as shown in
Figure P10.39. The flywheel is a solid disk with a mass of 80.0 kg and a
diameter of 1.25 m. It turns on a frictionless axle. Its pulley has much smaller
mass and a radius of 0.230 m. If the tension in the upper (taut) segment of the
belt is 135 N and the flywheel has a clockwise angular acceleration of 1.67
rad/s2, find the tension in the lower (slack) segment of the belt.
T1 = 135N
α = 1.67 rad/s2
R = 1.25/2m r = 0.23m
T2 = x N
r( T1 – T2 ) = Iα ( this is simply by using the formula τ=Iα )

T2 = T1- Iα/r
= 135 - mR2α/r
Get the answer by substituting in the given value.

P10.46 A 15.0‐kg object and a 10.0‐kg object are suspended, joined by a cord that
passes over a pulley with a radius of 10.0 cm and a mass of 3.00 kg (Fig.
P10.46). The cord has a negligible mass and does not slip on the pulley. The
pulley rotates on its axis without friction. The objects start from rest 3.00 m
apart. Treat the pulley as a uniform disk, and determine the speeds of the two
objects as they pass each other.
Figure P10.46
Hint: First we need to know the moment of inertia of the pulley since it is undergoing rotational
motion. Assume the pulley as a cylinder.
Solution: I= 1 MR
2
where M=mass of pulley, R=radius of the pulley
2
I pulley = 1
2
(3.00kg)(0.1m)
2
2
=0.015kgm
Hint: Apply the principle of conservation of energy:

Total E f =Total E i
2 2 2
Solution: 1/2m 1 V +1/2m 2 V +1/2I pulley ω = m 1 gh - m 2 gh and ω=V/r
2 2 2 2
(0.5)(15)(V )+(0.5)(10)( V )+(0.5)(0.015)(1/0.1 )( V ) = (15)(9.8)(1.5) -(10)(9.8)(1.5)
2 2 2
7.5 V +5 V +0.75 V -220.5+147=0
2
13.25v -73.5=0
V=2.36m/s

FE1001 Physics 1
Tutorial 8 – Angular Momentum
and Static Equilibrium
2007/08 Sem 1

FE1001 Physics I

Tutorial 8 – Angular Momentum and Static Equilibrium

P11.12 A 1.50‐kg particle moves in the xy plane with a velocity of v = (4.20 i – 3.60
j) m/s. Determine the particleʹs angular momentum when its position
vector is r = (1.50i = 2.20j) m.

Solution
p = mv

L = r X p
= r p sin θ , θ = 90ο
= ( 1.50 i + 2.20 j ) X 1.5 ( 4.20 i – 3.60 j )

1
Done by : LDP Academic Physics Division 2007
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P11.45 A rigid, massless rod has three particles with equal masses attached to it
as shown in Figure P11.45. The rod is free to rotate in a vertical plane
about a frictionless axle perpendicular to the rod through the point P, and
is released from rest in the horizontal position at t = 0. Assuming m and d
are known, find (a) the moment of inertia of the system (rod plus particles)
about the pivot, (b) the torque acting on the system at t = 0, (c) the angular
acceleration of the system at t = 0, (d) the linear acceleration of the particle
labeled 3 at t = 0, (e) the maximum kinetic energy of the system, (f) the
maximum angular speed reached by the rod, (g) the maximum angular
momentum of the system, and (h) the maximum speed reached by the
particle labeled 2.

Figure P11.45

Hints:
a) Calculate the sum of inertia using the formula miri2
b) Find the torque using
c) Find angular acceleration using
d) Find the linear acceleration using a=rα
e) Using principle of conservation of energy to find the maximum kinetic
energy
(K+U)i+∆E=(K+U)f
f) Use 1/2Iω2=mgd to find the maximum angular speed
g) Maximum angular momentum, L=Iωmax
h) Maximum speed is Vf=ωfr

2
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1
Solution:
a) miri2
=(2/3d)2m+(d/3)2m+(4/3d)2m
b) τ=r x F
=(d/3)(‐i) x 3mg(j)
c) τ=Iα
α=τ/I
d) a=rω
=(2/3d)(3g/7d)
=2g/7 ms‐2
e) The angular acceleration is not conserve but energy is
(K+U)i+∆E=(K+U)f
0+3mg(d/3)+0=1/2Iωf2+0
Max KE= mgd
f) 1/2Iω2=mgd
½(7/3md2)ω2= mgd
g) L=Iω

h) Vf=ωfr
)
3
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P11.50 A projectile of mass m moves to the right with a speed vi (Fig. P11.50a).
The projectile strikes and sticks to the end of a stationary rod of mass M,
length d, pivoted about a frictionless axle through its center (Fig. P11.50b).
(a) Find the angular speed of the system right after the collision. (b)
Determine the fractional loss in mechanical energy due to the collision.
Figure P11.50b
Solution:
(a) Use conservation of momentum to find the angular momentum of the stick
after collision.
Hint:
Angular momentum, , of the projectile before collision:
Use conservation of momentum to find angular speed :
(b) Use Conservation of Energy:
Fractional Loss =

4
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P12.2 Write the necessary conditions for equilibrium of the object shown in
Figure. P12.2. Take the origin of the torque equation at the point O.

Figure. P12.2

Solution:

ΣFx = 0 Fx – Rx = 0
ΣFy = 0 Fy + Ry – Fg = 0
ΣM = 0 Fy l cos θ –Fg (1/2) cos θ – Fx l sin θ = 0

5
FE1001 Physics 1
2007/08 Sem 1

P12.3 A uniform beam of mass mb and length supports blocks with masses m1
and m2 at two positions, as in Fig. P12.3. The beam rests on two knife
edges. For what value of x will the beam be balanced at P such that the
normal force at O is zero?

Fig. P12.3

Hint: For an object to be in static equilibrium, total moment must equals to zero at
any point of rotation on the object. When the reaction force at O is zero that means
the system is going to rotate (impending moment). To make the calculation easier to
choose a point of rotation which one of the force can be eliminated.
Solution:
R1 R2

m1g mbeamg m2g

∑M=0

Take point P as the point of rotation where M2 exerted a force at opposite
direction (clock wise).

M 2 gx = M 1 g (l/2+d) + M b gd (reaction force at point O = 0)

Solve this equation for x.
6

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FE1001 Physics 1

Tutorial 1- Motion in One Dimension & Two Dimensions

Average speed = 3.75 m/s

Total displacement = 0, because the person starts from A and ends at A.

(c) the average acceleration between t = 2.00 s and t = 3.00 s

(d) Differentiate v(t) to get instantaneous acceleration, a(t).

(ii) Average velocity = = ½(u + v)

The relation of r with x and y is r2 = x2 + y2

Polar Coordinate = (r, 180º - θ)

(a) Magnitude of the displacement vector = 2r = 10.0 m

2150m is the vertical distance and X is the horizontal distance. a is the

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 1

a) The particle moves in a circular path of radius 2.50m and has a

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 2

a) a h =(3.00i-2.00j)m/s 2 and a j =(1.00i+3.00j)m/s 2 .Convert

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 3

I. Car A is moving in a clockwise direction as shown in the figure.

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 4

As shown in the figure, F 1 is the X component of the resultant force. By

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 5

From the diagram shown, the table is frictionless and the

For the 5.00kg block:

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 6

For the 9.00kg block:

Done by Soo Chee Wai (soocheewai@yahoo.com.sg) 7

Tutorial 4 - Circular Motion and Other Applications of Newton’s Laws

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

A force acting on a particle moving in the xy plane is given by F=2yˆ i +x2ˆ j N,

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

(i) Calculate the work done by the force, Fr

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

Done by : Goh Yee Hui (faith_chris@hotmail.com)

TUTORIAL #6 – LINEAR MOMENTUM & COLLISIONS

Find the change in momentum in the system.

E062.2 A block A of mass 40 kg is pulled up a smooth, inclined surface by a winch,

(i) Draw a free-body diagram

(ii)(Tip: Impulse, I = , where Fr is the resultant force on the block

Thus vf is the speed of block A when t=24s

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 1

For the moment of inertia of the tire side way, we apply

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 2

Moment of inertia of tire tread,

,because we consider tread as a hollow cylinder and not thin

Moment of inertia of the whole tire is

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 3

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 4

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 5

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 6

r( T1 – T2 ) = Iα ( this is simply by using the formula τ=Iα )

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 7

Hint: Apply the principle of conservation of energy:

Done by: LDP Academic Physics Division 2007 8

Use conservation of momentum to find angular speed :

(b) Use Conservation of Energy:

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