35 Tenses with time clauses

~ Tenses with time clauses

when
until me.
you've paid Present or
Future you pay me. The present perfect suggests
Present perfect an interval of time between
payrnent and starting the
work.

whenme.
he paid Simple past
r the work Simple past
oon as

Simple past Past perfect The past perfect suggests an

l started the work r after
Present perfect
I've lived in Newtown
interval of time between
I he had paid me. payrnent and starting the
work.
Simple past
l moved there in 1985.

11 Tom Jones is a gardener at Moxley Hall. He is talking about his

life, past and future. Write sentences from the ideas given. Put the
time words in brackets at the correct place in the sentence.
Change the verbs to a suitable tense.

1 my father (teach) me gardening - l (be) a boy

(when)--.MI1-fuM1e-r wlAgnt me gardenWig wh8i1 1 WM a b~_. _
2 the offer ofajob at Moxley (come) - l Uoin) the army
(after) But
3 l (not start) at Moxley - l (leave) the army
(until) So

4 l (start) - l (know) l would like it he re

(as soon as)
5 l (be) he re - l (start) thejob in 1961
(since)
6 the head gardener (retire) next year - l (become) head gardener in his place
(when )
7 l (get) a rise in my wages - l (be) head gardener
(as soon as) _

55
 meant
have
ran
said
sowed
carne
swore
wore
met
sawed
sewed
went
meet
saw
cut
cost
cast
sew
send
ate
tore
Base
made
blew
becarne
bore
rose
mean
lose
rise
have
bet
bent
arose
paid
lie
rode
ride
run
sow
sell
shrink
show
sat
stood
sent
forbade
beat
make
lost
awoke
bled
bound risen
run
havelain
read
bit
broke
bred
forecast
shine
stole
shook
shake
shone
shoot
stank
stink
froze
strike
swear
swept
swarn
swim
throw
won
tear
thrust
win
knit
haveled
wound arisen
seen
come
sworn
swurn
worn
met
set
eaten
won
meant
cut
cost
sat
cast
sent
torn
written
rung
drearntJdrearned
drew
smell
did
dealt
havesunk
crept
see
sink
shut
fled
burst
built
seek
sit
stand
drive
drank
felt
set
steal
flew
stick
fed
hid
hit
havetaken
hurt
kneltJkneeled
led
leantJJeaned
withdrew
wept
knew
let
left
wrote lost
become
borne
awoken
ridden
bent
bet
bound
bitten
bred
drearntJ
drawn
shrunk
done
dealt
sprung
built
fled
flown
stolen
stuck
forecast
shone
driven
felt
spun
shot
fed
told
thrust
understand
woke
wake
wear
wind
withdraw
write read
smeltJsmelled
wound
withdrawn
smeltJsmelled
have
broadcast
bumtJburned
sank
sold
shrank
showed
found
chose
stuck
fell
shot
struck
held
told
tell
think
threw
heard
laid
grew
took
take
lent
teach
rang
put
sprang
stung
spat
got
Past burst
found
frozen
given
heard
laid
leantJJeaned
lent
known
left
made
beaten
bled
blown
put
broken
burntJburned
said
sung
sold
shut
broadcast
spent
sownlsowed
stood
stung
shown
forbidden
shaken
drunk
chosen
fallen
spat
stunk
struck
thrown
hid/hidden
hit
held
swung
grown
hurt
understood
kneltJkneeled
understood
woken
leamtJJearned
learnt/learned
let
litJlighted
light
pay
lay
ring
began
brought
say
sleep
slept
dug
sing
sought
sang
bought
spend
speak
fought
spread
spring
caught
spent
spoke
spin
speed
forgot
clung
spit
forgave
gave
kept
hung crept
got
swept
gone
'bearspoiltJspoiled
weep is often
wept
perfect
simple
paid
begun
brought
sought
dug
spoiltJspoiled
spoil
sting
spun
sped
split
sweep
thought
swung
swing slept
sewn
spoken
spread
bought
fought
caught
sped
split
clung
forgotten
forgiven
thought
taught
kept
hung
leaptJJeaped
haveleaptJJeaped
participle, ed) 1used
litJJighted
havesawn(ed)
taught knit (e.g.
(ted) was inborn
the passive,
in 1980.with a different past
Irregular verbs
Base 61
( ed) means that the regular form in ed is an alternative to the irregular formo
 Practise your Tenses

(I] Present peIfect: questions and statements;

some expressions of frequency
The present perfect is used to talk about actions or events in the
past that are still going on in the present, or are still important for
the present, or are' part of the.general experience of someone who
is still alive. (It is NOT used when talking about a particular time
in the past, Then, the simple past is used,)

etc.
fallen've
arrived
's he/she/it arrived?
I/We/Youtrhey Have Vwe/you/they
have
(formal) has
(formal) etc.
fallen?
Has

Position of expressions of Yes, I've done it once,

frequency: twice,
Have you ever done it? several times,
No, I've never done it. etc,
Yes, I've often done it,
sometimes

11 Look at this table of things Marie Leblanc and her brother Pierre
have done, or have not done, Then complete the questions and
answers according to the instructions. Use the present perfect
tense, and the words in the table,
rteNef" 1.Mree
011 re ay- oftert
liked
livein
wanted
t1e.ver
their
public
sungin
met the
be
you en tosame
to
father's
aEngland
birthday
forgotten
G1lwa~/.)
MWera/ timeó
record twi.ce
t1eNef"
tim~
ridden
t1eNer
VleNer ti,m&.1

1 (Ask Marie about her experience 01horse-riding.) Marie,

(Give her answer,) Me? Oh no,

2 (Ask Pierre about his experience 01horse-riding,) Pierre,
?

(Give his answer,) Yes,

22
 11 Present perfect: questions and statements; some expressions of frequency

3 (Ask Pierre about Marie's experience of singing in public.)

Pierre, ?

(Give Pierre's answer.) Yes,

4 (Youwant to knowMarie's ideas about living in America

Askher.) Marie, _
?

(Give her answer.) No,

5 (You want to know Pierre's ideas about living in America

But you are too shy to ask Pierre. Ask Marie instead) Marie,
?

(Give Marie's answer.) Yes, _

6 (Are Pierre and Marie good at remembering their father's

birthday? Ask their father.)
Monsieur Leblanc,
------------_?
(Give their father's answer. )

7 (Ask Marie about her visits to England) Marie,

?

(Give her answer. ) Yes,

8 (You meet Marie at a party. You are not sure if it is your

first meeting. Ask her a suitable question) Marie,
--------------- before?

(Give Marie's answer.) Yes,

9 (Ask Marie a similar question about meeting Pierre before. )

(Give Marie's answer.)

23
 Practise your Tenses

~ Present perfect: positive and negative forrns;

use withfor and since
Present perfect negative Notes onfor and since:
arrived
come
etc.
hhaven't
as n't
(formal)
have not Vwe/you/they
has not J have been here for two hours.
(formal)
(= period of time up to the present)
J haven 'tplayed tennis for ten years.
(= period of time up to the present)
J have been here sinceeight o'clock.
(= point of time in the past)

11 Members of the Staywell Keep- Fit Club gave up a lot of bad habits
some years ago and started to live in a very healthy way. The
president of the club is talking about some of the members.
Make sentences using the present perfect withfor or since,
according to the sentences and words given. Use positive or
negative forms as indicated.

1 Sid stopped smoking 18 years ago. (smoke (negative), for)

SiAi hMn't 4maked fur 18 !1W_~_. _
2 Don became a vegetarian in 1980. (be (positive), since)

3 Liza began to be interested in healthy eating five years ago. (be (positive), for)

4 Sam gave up alcohol after his car accident. (drink (negative), since)

5 1started running two kilometres every morning in 1985. (run (positive), since)

6 Mary stopped going to bed after midnight two years ago. (stay up (negative), for)

7 Sue and Pam stopped taking useless medicines when they joined the health club.
(take (negative), since)

8 Bob and 1play squash every Friday night. This began when the squash court opened.
(play (positive), since)

24
 13 Present perfect: rnixed simple forros, including negative Questions

[ill Present perfect: rnixed simple forms, including

negative questions
etc. Examples:
he/she/it come?
Haven't I/we/you/they Ha ven 't they arrived yet?
Why ha ven't you told them about it?
Why hasn't she paid the money?

B Mr Barker has arrived at the office in abad mood. Write the

correct form of the verbs in italics (question or statement,
positive or negative). Ir the verb is already correct, write 'no
change'.

BARKER: 1asked for the payments list yesterday. It isn't here. Why lit has arrived on my desk?
NORRIS: The people in the payments office 2have been very busy recently. Perhaps 3they have had
time to find it for you.
BARKER: Humph! And you, Nora. 4¡ have told you always to have a cup of coffee waiting for me when
1arrive?
NORA: I'm sorry Mr Barker. The coffee machine 5has broken down.
BARKER: Bah! 6¡ have had any breakfast this morning, and now you tell me there's no coffee! And
look! 7The cleaner has emptied my ashtray. It's still full of cigarette ends from yesterday.
DAVE: (whispers to Nora): What abad mood he's in! Perhaps 8his wife has gone on a business trip
again.
NORA: (whispers to Dave): Or perhaps 9she has told him howwonderful he is. IOHe'salways
liked hearing that kind of thing, you know.
NORRIS: Er ... Mr Barker, llyou haveforgotten something this morning?
BARKER: What is it now?
NORRIS: 12I've arranged your meeting with Mr Nashimuro, the head of Tony Electronics, just as you
asked me to do yesterday. But l3you have put your tie on.
BARKER: Oh dear no, you're right. l4I'veforgotten my tie. Can 1borrow yours?

1 8 _
2 _ 9 _
3 _ 10 _

4 _ 11 _
5 _ 12 _

6 _ 13 _
7 _ 14 _

25
Practise your Tenses

[§] Present perfect and simple past

B Complete the passage below, using the correct form of the verb in
brackets (present perfect or simple past).

The OIympic Games

The original Olympic G.ames (lbegin) b~_Ct_n _ around 800 BC in Ancient Greece,
and econtinue) until they ebe) abolished by
the Roman Emperor Theodosius in AD 393. The first modern Olympics (4take place)

__________ in Athens in 1896, and since then, more than a dozen different countries
(5stage) the Summer Olympics. The cities of Paris, London,

Berlin and Los Angeles (6stage) _________ the Olympics twice.

In 1956, Australia Cbecome) __________ the first country outside Europe and

America to stage the Olympics, while Mexico (sbe) the first Latín

American country to stage the Olympics, in 1968.

Many of the greatest athletes in the world (9take part) in the

Olympic Games, but no one (lOequal) the achievements of the great
Finnish athlete, Paavo Nurmi, who between 1920 and 1928 (1Iwín) nine
gold and three silver medals.

The Olympic Games (12see) many tragedies and triumphs. For

example, in the marathon of 1908, the little Italian, Dorando Pietri e3collapse)
__________ five times in the last part of the race, but (14come)

__________ first - only to be disqualified because spectators (15help)

__________ him over the finishing line. And in 1936, the famous black Allerican
athlete Jesse Owens, e6break) six world records in a single day!
From the first modern Olympics in Athens, when only fourteen countries (17participate)
__________ ,the Olympics eSgrow) to include over 140

countries. Gold, silver and bronze medals (19g0) to over 8,000 men and
women.

28