6 Displacement ~ ime Graphs 4 Distance and dsplacement—time graphs cea be used to summarise he way anobject moves. Fromthemn 4+ read dry from the graph to find the distance ravelled or te diplacement of an object parla times, vice vers. alee tho speed or velocity ofthe object om the gradient of the graph For example, consider this graph: igure 61 tes ws (amongst other ings) that 1 the object traveled 16 min 4 seconds 1 fom the gradient of the graph we get: sgadient «ise = cinanes fun ime akon = svapeed = 16= és + ‘+ seth gradients constant, spedis constant, {Look at this example: igure 62 tes us (amongst oer things tat wl! “+ tae object was at csplacement of 30 m Ee : north atime zero an syed therefor? ) es 47 + 1-2, tho object moved towne co) FRY | Soporte tne st ie “41 + tetaidisacetmveledby theobectwas | 4S | 530 neues. Bol i “+ the displacement of the object was 30 m south ofits erga poston. + moved 30m ins fis avenge speed while moving. was therefore 5m (gradient. + its average vlocty wat $ ms to 250 Sislacemeat or south (gradients a repative slope). 1 its average speed for the whole period covered wag 3.75 ms (Cla distance Alivided by total time, ‘Average velocity = displcement is average velocity was 3.75 ms south Tine {lapacereo vided by atl ime) = 20ms = 375 me" southFor You To Do 1 ‘Figure 63 shows how the displacement of en cbject varied overtime o o @ @ © © ‘Calculate the displacement ofthe objet at time = 2,468,012 and we ‘When was its speed constant? CCleaate the speed of te object betwen tOand = 2s tSdandt= 108 tr loandt= 16 Cateutate is velocity during these thee time interval Calculate the average peed ofthe ‘objet forthe whe joumey Calculate the wverage velocity for ‘he whole tip Figue 6.4 sows he displacement ime reltionship for an cbjex over 12 feconde @ » 0 © o Tenify when indicted by A,B, C.D and E) te abject is moving ith greatest velocity, constant locity, zero. velociy, zero seceeridon ‘Where wa tat t=45? Cetelateits average sped forthe jourey. Calcul its average velocity for the journey. Draw 2 dstancetine graph for ‘he journey. Figure 6. shows how the displacement of an object changes overtime. o © o @ ° ‘Draw up a ube to show how fir the object travels in sections -A, B, Cand D 1 itsaverage speed during ech +s average velocity dering ‘hese rections, ‘eat the instantaneous velocity the object a= 3, 6,9, 13,17 tnd21 Calelate the tla distance the object tavelle. Catclate ts displacement during the 2, Calculate the objets. average sped and velocity forthe 22s 2 Tne 6)7 Displacement - Time Graphs 2 “The gual ia Figue 7.1 show how the placement of objects varied wit ie, (a) Desert, in your own words, the motion of each object. Imagine that each of your answers is ‘worth thee mas 20 You need to say atlas three things about the motion of each object. For example: Grp A sepreseas an object tt statlonary (Ist mal), ata displacement of 10 ‘metres (2d mark) north (d math) of the 20 displacement position. (©) Givean example ofan object, which would produce each graph. For example, graph A could representa car parked 10 metes sath ofits garage, a detect Toe mm te) Figure 7.4 198 Velocity —Time Graphs 1 ‘Velocity time graphs canbe sed in the came ways as displacement ~ time graphs to summarise ‘he motion ofan object. From then, we ca: ead velocities or ies drety fom he erp ‘se the gradient ofthe graph to ind se acderation ofthe object snd ‘sete area under te graph fin the change in displacement ofthe objeto the total istance avelled. Example 4: The graph shows the velocity of anobjectasafinctonoftime Teacceleation (@)_ If we now conser the gradient of the ‘ofthe ojo inconsat szaph, hen radint = rise, = 20m = 2 ms i run 10s > | © Checking this sing the formal ‘ea ES a geyees Bed 2m" ‘ge | 1 | se (4). So,the gradient ofa veloiyine graph fe | erste acslertion the jet Zz | ,? | Gradient = aceleraion i Te) Area change in displacement For You To Do ‘Aamongoter things, his graph lls ha: () the object started at 2 velocity of 20 ms" north atime 20 (©) i velocity inreased uifermly tl it vine 22:ma"'N atime 10s (© Fon Wary z the average velocity of the object was ime'N, (@)Hitteweled et an average 12 ms" for 1s, te distance travelled was 120 m. (@) Is displacement from is. staring postion is theettre 120 mN (9) Thearen under the curve (tight nein this ase i 1201 (@ _ifwemuliply the unis onthe Y-acsby ‘hoe on the X-anis we get vas! =m = distance! (The rea ‘under the curve of a veloctyine rap is therefore equal to the total iste trvelld, aad if that travel was in the one direction, i also equals the change in displacementof the object during the ime sven. “ 1 © @ © 0 ‘The grap shows how the velocity of toy cur changed over tine, Time e) Determine the ital and final velocities ofthe car. Cleat its sceleration, CCaeuate the change in displacement of the object (Caleult he oa ditace i travelled. Caleuateits average ood Calculate its average velocExample 2: Ifthe moving object changes ection, rite metionis changing wath nifD aceeeraton, the graph is more complicated, ‘Consider the graph below. ‘Area I= displacement east ‘Area 2= displacement Hest ‘Area I+ ares 2~ total change in placement "rom this graph we ean see that (a) teebectveled ata constant velocity (of 15 ms eat or 13 sezonds, then ©) gradient = rise elosity change tine for ehange = Mls ies 1 IS ‘accelerated at Omg east forth next Sp ineensing its speed 19 30m then (©) slowed down (accelerated west negative (gradient) at 3.0 ns (gradient between 50 and 50 2) until te velcity was 30 ms wast, fstazancous velocity 3 time 40 was Zero (@ Tho object uaveled 225 m inthe fst 15 (he area tnder the graph forthe first 159). (©) The total displacement ofthe object in the easteny direction was 712.5. (upto time 40 (he total area 1) 0 © Oo) @ 0 0 © eeu under core) After tie 40s, te object travelled 150m vest aren). ‘Theos distance wavelied was 862.5 m (areas 142) ‘The maxim displacement ofthe object 905 712.5 meat (aren 1) ‘he total diplcomant ofthe object was 5625 meas (area I~ area 2—remember ‘changed deci att= 40and stredto so back towards whee istarted) sverage velosiy of the object was 1123 ms" east (lol displacement ved by oul tie) average speed of the object_wat 17.251 (oul distance wveled divided by total ine taken) For You To Do ‘The graph shows how the velocity of ax object changed aver ime. Deuce the initial velocity of he object ‘Win wast final velocity? ‘What wast velocity at time 70.5? ‘Atwhat time wast speed 16 ms"? ‘Deteine the acelerton ofthe objec. (Cleat the isance the object aveled inthe Sit Seon, Caleaate how far it reveled daring the vole ouey, Calculate is fina dgplacemet fom its stating poston (Calculate the average speed ofthe objet ‘over the 10. Calculate the average velocity of the object over the 105More For You To Do 3. The graph sows the velocity of an objects function of time. (2) Idetify the obj’ iia spond. (©) entity it intial vel. (6) __Descibe te mation ofthe object in each seton: A, and © (@)Caeulate he distance wevelled in each eeeSon. (©) Caeulat its evrage sped in each section. (Calcite the otal distance i traveled (2) Ceuta its average specs (Cleat the displacement ofthe object atthe end ofeach seston. (Calculate its average velocity in each @—Caevit its tora splacement (0) Caeulate is average velocity forthe Journey (Tet when the object was ttonary, lest the eeceleration of the object imeach section. 4. The gph shows how the velocity of an object, moving fam Xo Y, changes overtime. (©) Diwups ebleto show ) edistnce reveled, Gi) eavergespeod (Gi) the diplacemene iv) _ the average veloigyof the objec: foreach section A, B,C,DandE. ©) Wnt was the maximum speed ofthe objec? (©) Whendid is oceu? (@) When was the objoat treet? (©) Whatwasitsaverge speed for the journey? (Whats is average velocity forthe journey? (@)Decemie the accserston of the object fr each section of the journey. 5. ‘The gph shows how te velosiy of an object changed over tine. (@)Calealate the doplacement ft object, teach point A, Band C shown onthe sph? © Analyse the gaph to find the scceleation at each of the thee points (hint ‘raw tangent tothe eure at each point (A, B snd C) and calculate te gradient of each tangent) 169 Velocity - Time Graphs 2 ‘The grap in Figur 9.1 show bow th velocity objets varied with ime (@) Describe, in your own wos, the motion f each object. Imagine tht each of your answers is ‘worth tree marks so yoo need to atlas thre things about the mation a each objet, For example graph A represents an object tovlling constantly (mark 1) t 10m" @) North (3) for 10 (aerate mark 3) The distance traveled bythe objects 100 m (bonus mar), (©) Giveancxample ofan objet, which would produce each aaph. Forgrph A, thiscouldbe acar traveling noth at 10 mas for 10 seconds 7“You nem ne a seat tion = ‘al lapcomeny ey cnet ot Gre [Greece veloc Sesame ne lene er anim sereer ra Sos Diepacamenttine graphs 1 CRE Gone eons Som 0) Fame 105 1.18 &) tome ort (9 Receeatas ae? ee Pesouese. sg cae 3 8 oe BP Bawe prs inset o Eee ed 9 ies Q Sas 8 ae 8 eres Bae 6) A] Pati | ovat [Aca pa | sea | “eat, ae | eet | meet | fav) | Car) @[ ot [ies | ON | ON ie) 9 | tesa | 38 | 'o [4 | seme | ax | ae (O seepedcamne ls ass a's Displacement tine grap —2 Selden Be i yecoy me pape ® 8 @ ° o 8 o o @ ot met 3 Sewn = 235 (9 searaun Sent 1 SS.ne*aaen Reddo eie 80.6% uth ‘esa ound Sua tring ou bain sPlonl re mts ep na oy, sen (Cex o cence a eee a) ‘Spice (ede gba aly ie ‘arog gant. to Anatysing Expaimenta Dats Experiment Set 0.0.10, 208.30 948,540,