Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis

Lecture Notes, Study Materials and Important questions answers

Subject : Pharmaceutical Drug Analysis

GENERAL ASPECTS
Pharmaceutical Chemicals Purity and Management
1. Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Purity and Management - Answer (click here)
2. Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Purity - Answer (click here)
3. Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Management - Answer (click here)
4. Description of the Drug or Finished Product - Pharmaceutical
Chemicals: Management - Answer (click here)
5. Sampling Procedures and Errors - Pharmaceutical Chemicals:
Management - Answer (click here)
6. Bioavailability - Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Management - Answer (click
here)
7. Identification Tests - Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Management - Answer
(click here)
8. Physical Constants - Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Management - Answer
(click here)
9. Limit Tests Vis-A-Vis Quantitative Determinations - Answer (click here)
10. Various Types of Tests for Quantitative Determinations -
Pharmaceutical Chemicals: Management - Answer (click here)
11. Limit Tests for Metallic Impurities - Answer (click here)
12. Limit Tests for Lead - Answer (click here)
13. Limit Test for Arsenic - Answer (click here)
14. Limit Test’s for Acid Radical Impurities - Answer (click here)
15. Limit Tests for Non-Metallic Impurities - Answer (click here)

Theory and Technique of Quantitative Analysis

1. Theory and Technique of Quantitative Analysis - Answer (click here)
2. Volumetric Analysis - Answer (click here)
3. Volumetric Apparatus - Answer (click here)
 4. Volumetric Analysis: General Cosiderations - Answer (click here)
5. Technique of Volumetric Analysis - Answer (click here)
6. Biomedical Analytical Chemistry - Answer (click here)
7. Biomedical Analytical Chemistry: Colorimetric Assays - Answer (click
here)
8. Biomedical Analytical Chemistry: Enzymatic Assays - Answer (click here)
9. Radioimmunoassays (RIAS) - Answer (click here)
10. Automated Methods of Clinical Analysis - Answer (click here)

Errors In Pharmaceutical Analysis and Statistical Validation

1. Errors in Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)
2. Classification of Errors in Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)
3. Pharmaceutical Statistical Validation - Answer (click here)
4. Statistical Treatment of Finite Samples - Answer (click here)
5. Distribution of Random Numbers - Answer (click here)
6. Significant Figures - Answer (click here)
7. Comparison of Results - Answer (click here)
8. Method of Least Squares - Answer (click here)
9. Recommendations for Criteria of Rejecting an Observation - Answer (click
here)
10. Sampling Statistics - Answer (click here)

CHEMICAL METHODS
Aqueous Titrations
1. Aqueous Titrations - Answer (click here)
2. Theory of Acidimetry - Answer (click here)
3. Aqueous Titrations: Assay of Drugs - Answer (click here)
4. Theory of Alkalimetry - Answer (click here)

Non Aqueous Titrations

1. Non-Aqueous Titrations - Answer (click here)
2. Non-Aqueous Titrations: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Non-Aqueous Titrations: Methodology - Answer (click here)
4. Assay by Non-Aqueous Titrations - Answer (click here)
5. Acidimetry in Non-Aqueous Titrations - Answer (click here)
6. Alkalimetry in Non-Aqueous Titrations - Answer (click here)

Permanganate Dichromate and Ceric Sulphate Titration Methods

 1. Permanganate, Dichromate and Ceric Sulphate Titration Methods -
Answer (click here)
2. Theory - Permanganate, Dichromate and Ceric Sulphate Titration
Methods - Answer (click here)
3. Assay Methods - Permanganate, Dichromate and Ceric Sulphate
Titration Methods - Answer (click here)
4. Permanganate Titration Methods - Answer (click here)
5. Dichromate Titration Methods - Answer (click here)
6. Ceric Sulphate Titration Methods - Answer (click here)

Iodimetric and Iodometric Titrations

1. Iodimetric and Iodometric Titrations - Answer (click here)
2. Theory - Iodimetric and Iodometric Titrations - Answer (click here)
3. Assay Methods - Iodimetric and Iodometric Titrations - Answer (click here)
4. Iodimetric Assays - Answer (click here)
5. Iodometric Assays - Answer (click here)
6. Argentometric Precipitation Methods - Answer (click here)
7. Argentometric Precipitation Methods: Theory - Answer (click here)
8. Argentometric Precipitation Methods: Assay Methods - Answer (click here)

Complexometric Analysis
1. Complexometric Analysis - Answer (click here)
2. Complexometric Analysis: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Complexometric Analysis: Assay Methods - Answer (click here)

Gravimetric Analysis
1. Gravimetric Analysis - Answer (click here)
2. Gravimetric Analysis: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Gravimetric Analysis: Assay Methods - Answer (click here)
4. Substances Assayed Gravimetrically - Answer (click here)
5. Substances Assayed After Conversion - Gravimetric Analysis - Answer
(click here)

Thermoanalytical Analysis
1. Thermoanalytical Analysis - Answer (click here)
2. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) - Answer (click here)
3. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) - Answer (click here)
4. Thermometric Titrations (TT) - Answer (click here)
Diazotization Sodium Nitrite Titration
1. Diazotization (Sodium Nitrite Titration) - Answer (click here)
2. Diazotization (Sodium Nitrite Titration): Assay Methods - Answer (click
here)

Estimation of Phenols and Related Compounds

1. Estimation of Phenols and Related Compounds - Answer (click here)
2. Estimation of Phenols and Related Compounds: Assay Methods - Answer
(click here)

Karl Fischer Method for Determination of Water

1. Karl Fischer Method for Determination of Water - Answer (click here)
2. Instrumentation - Karl Fischer Method for Determination of Water -
Answer (click here)
3. Applications of Karl Fischer Method for Determination of Water in
Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)

Tetrazolium Assay of Steroids

1. Tetrazolium Assay of Steroids - Answer (click here)
2. Tetrazolium Assay of Steroids: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Assay of Pharmaceutical Substances - Tetrazolium Assay of Steroids -
Answer (click here)

ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS
Potentiometric Methods
1. Potentiometric Methods - Answer (click here)
2. Potentiometric Methods: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Potentiometric Methods Instrumentation: Electrodes, Automatic Titrator
- Answer (click here)
4. Applications of Potentiometric Titrations in Pharmaceutical Analysis -
Answer (click here)

Amperometric Methods
1. Amperometric Methods - Answer (click here)
2. Amperometric Methods: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Amperometric Methods: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
 4. Applications of Amperometric Titrations in Pharmaceutical Substances -
Answer (click here)

OPTICAL METHODS
Refractometry
1. Refractometry - Answer (click here)
2. Refractometry: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Refractometry: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Determination of Refractive Index of Pharmaceutical Substances -
Answer (click here)
5. Applications of Refractivity - Answer (click here)

Polarimetry
1. Polarimetry - Answer (click here)
2. Polarimetry: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Polarimetry: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Determination of Optical Activity of Pharmaceutical Substances - Answer
(click here)
5. Nephelometry and Turbidimetry - Answer (click here)
6. Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Theory - Answer (click here)
7. Instruments for Nephelometry and Turbidimetry - Answer (click here)
8. Turbidimetric Assay of Pharmaceutical Substances - Answer (click here)
9. Nephelometric Assay of Pharmaceutical Substances - Answer (click here)

Ultraviolet and Absorption Methods

1. Ultraviolet and Absorption Methods - Answer (click here)
2. Ultraviolet and Absorption Methods: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Ultraviolet and Absorption Methods: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Ultraviolet and Absorption Methods: Assay Methods - Answer (click here)

Infrared Spectrophotometry
1. Infrared Spectrophotometry - Answer (click here)
2. Infrared Spectrophotometry: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Infrared Spectrophotometry: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Applications of IR-Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Assays - Answer (click
here)
5. Applications of IR-Spectroscopy in Analytical Chemistry - Answer (click
here)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Answer (click here)
2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Interpretation of a NMR-Spectrum - Answer (click here)
4. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Instrumentation - Answer
(click here)
5. Applications of NMR-Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer
(click here)

Emission Spectroscopy
1. Emission Spectroscopy - Answer (click here)
2. Emission Spectroscopy: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Applications of Emission Spectroscopy - Answer (click here)

Flame Spectroscopy
1. Flame Spectroscopy - Answer (click here)
2. Flame Spectroscopy: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Flame Spectroscopy: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Applications of Flame Emission Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical
Analysis - Answer (click here)

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

1. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy - Answer (click here)
2. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Important Aspects of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy - Answer (click
here)
5. Application of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Pharmaceutical
Analysis - Answer (click here)

ASSAY METHODS BASED ON SEPARATION TECHNIEQUES

Liquid Liquid Extraction
1. Liquid-Liquid Extraction - Answer (click here)
2. Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Factors Influencing Solvent Extraction - Answer (click here)
4. Emulsion Problem Encountered in Extractions - Answer (click here)
 5. Assay Methods Based on Liquid-Liquid Extraction - Answer (click here)

Thin Layer Chromatography TLC

1. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Answer (click here)
2. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Preparation of Thin Layers on Plates - Thin Layer Chromatography
(TLC) - Answer (click here)
4. Choice of Adsorbents - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Answer
(click here)
5. Choice Of Solvent System in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -
Answer (click here)
6. Activation of Adsorbent - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Answer
(click here)
7. Purification of Silica Gel-G Layers - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
- Answer (click here)
8. Spotting of the Components - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -
Answer (click here)
9. Development of Thin Layers - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -
Answer (click here)
10. Special Techniques in Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Answer (click
here)
11. Chemical Reactions on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Plates -
Answer (click here)
12. Combination of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) With other
Techniques - Answer (click here)
13. Detection of Components - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) - Answer
(click here)
14. Evaluation of the Chromatogram - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -
Answer (click here)
15. Applications of TLC in Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)

Gas Liquid Chromatography GLC

1. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC) - Answer (click here)
2. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC): Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC): Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Working Techniques for Quantitative Analysis - Gas Liquid
Chromatography (GLC) - Answer (click here)
5. Applications of GLC in Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)
6. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) - Answer (click here)
7. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Theory - Answer
(click here)
 8. Instrumentation - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -
Answer (click here)
9. Derivatization - High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -
Answer (click here)
10. Applications of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in
Pharmaceutical Analysis - Answer (click here)

Size Exclusion Chromatography

1. Size Exclusion Chromatography - Answer (click here)
2. Size Exclusion Chromatography: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Size Exclusion Chromatography: Apparatus - Answer (click here)
4. Applications of Size Exclusion Chromatography in Pharmaceutical
Analysis - Answer (click here)

MISCELLANEOUS METHODS
Radioimmunoassay
1. Radioimmunoassay - Answer (click here)
2. Radioimmunoassay: Theory - Answer (click here)
3. Radioimmunoassay: Instrumentation - Answer (click here)
4. Radioimmunoassay: Methodology of the Assay - Answer (click here)
5. Applications of Radioimmunoassay (RIA) in Pharmaceutical Analysis -
Answer (click here)
6. Novel Applications of Radioimmunoassay(RIA)-Techniques - Answer
(click here)