List of commonly used markers[edit]

Tumor marker Associated tumor types

Alpha
germ cell tumor, hepatocellular carcinoma[6]
fetoprotein (AFP)

CA15-3 breast cancer[7]

CA27-29 breast cancer[8]

Mainly pancreatic cancer, but also colorectal cancer and other types
CA19-9
of gastrointestinal cancer.[9]

Mainly ovarian cancer,[10] but may also be elevated in for example endometrial
CA-125 cancer, fallopian tube cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and gastrointestinal
cancer.[11] May also increase in endometriosis.[12]

Calcitonin medullary thyroid carcinoma

mesothelioma, sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour, adrenocortical

Calretinin
carcinoma, synovial sarcoma[6]

Carcinoembryoni gastrointestinal cancer, cervix cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast
c antigen cancer, urinary tract cancer[6]

hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor, pleomorphic lipoma, gastrointestinal

CD34
stromal tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans[6]

Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, hemangiopericytoma/solitary

CD99MIC 2 fibrous tumor, synovial sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia, sex cord-gonadal stromal
tumour[6]

CD117 gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mastocytosis, seminoma[6]

Chromogranin neuroendocrine tumor[6]

Chromosomes 3,
bladder cancer[13]
7, 17, and 9p21

Cytokeratin (vario
us types: TPA, Many types of carcinoma, some types of sarcoma[6]
TPS, Cyfra21-1)

smooth muscle sarcoma, skeletal muscle sarcoma, endometrial stromal

Desmin
sarcoma[6]

Epithelial
membrane many types of carcinoma, meningioma, some types of sarcoma[6]
antigen (EMA)

Factor
vascular sarcoma[6]
VIII, CD31 FL1

Glial fibrillary
acidic glioma (astrocytoma, ependymoma)[6]
protein (GFAP)

Gross cystic
disease fluid
breast cancer, ovarian cancer, salivary gland cancer[6]
protein (GCDFP-
15)

melanoma, PEComa (for example angiomyolipoma), clear cell

HMB-45
carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma[6]

Human chorionic
gonadotropin (hC gestational trophoblastic disease, germ cell tumor, choriocarcinoma[6]
G)

immunoglobulin lymphoma, leukemia[6]

 sex cord-gonadal stromal tumour, adrenocortical
inhibin
carcinoma, hemangioblastoma[6]

keratin (various
carcinoma, some types of sarcoma[6]
types)

lymphocyte
marker (various lymphoma, leukemia[6]
types

MART-1 (Melan- melanoma, steroid-producing tumors (adrenocortical carcinoma, gonadal

A) tumor)[6]

Myo D1 rhabdomyosarcoma, small, round, blue cell tumour[6]

muscle-specific
myosarcoma (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma)[6]
actin (MSA)

neurofilament neuroendocrine tumor, small-cell carcinoma of the lung[6]

neuron-specific
neuroendocrine tumor, small-cell carcinoma of the lung, breast cancer[6]
enolase (NSE)

placental alkaline
phosphatase (PL seminoma, dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma[6]
AP)

prostate-specific
prostate[6]
antigen (PSA)

PTPRC (CD45) lymphoma, leukemia, histiocytic sarcoma[6]

melanoma, sarcoma (neurosarcoma, lipoma, chondrosarcoma), astrocytoma, ga

S100 protein strointestinal stromal tumor, salivary gland cancer, some types
of adenocarcinoma, histiocytic tumor (dendritic cell, macrophage)[6]
smooth muscle
gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma, PEComa[6]
actin (SMA)

synaptophysin neuroendocrine tumor[6]

thymidine kinase lymphoma, leukemia, lung cancer, prostate cancer

thyroglobulin (Tg) post-operative marker of thyroid cancer (but not in medullary thyroid cancer)[6]

thyroid
transcription all types of thyroid cancer, lung cancer[6]
factor-1 (TTF-1)

colorectal cancer,[14] Breast cancer,[15][16] renal cell carcinoma[17][18] Lung

Tumor M2-PK cancer,[19][20] Pancreatic cancer,[21] Esophageal Cancer,[22]Stomach
Cancer,[22]Cervical Cancer,[23] Ovarian Cancer,[24]

sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, lung

vimentin
carcinoma, lymphoma, leukemia, melanoma[6]