module 1

The net power output of an ideal reheat regenerative steam cycle is 80 MW. Steam
enters at h.p.
turbine at 80 bar 500�C and expands till it becomes saturated vapour. Some of the
steam then
goes to an open feedwater heater and the balance is reheated to 400�C, after which
it expands in an
l.p. turbme to 0.07 bar. Compute (a) The cycle efficiency; (b) the reheat pressure;
(c) the stearp flow rate to the h.p. turbine;
(d) the rate offlow of cooling water in the condenser ifthe temperature rise of
water is 8�C
; (e) ifthe velocity of steam flowing from the turbine to the condenser is limited
to 130 mS-1,
find the diameter of the connecting pipe.

13. (a) With a neat flow diagram, explain the working of Mercury-steam binary
vapour cycle. (8 marks)
(b) What is the difference between binary and coupled cycles. (2 marks)
12.
The net power output ofan ideal reheat regenerative steam cycle is 80 MW. Steam
enters the h.p. turbine at 80 bar,
500�C and expands till it becomes saturated vapour. Some of the steam then goes to
an open feed water heater and
the balance is reheated to 400�C, after which it expands in a I.p. turbine to 0.07
bar. Compute (a) The reheat pressure .
(b) The steam flow rate to the h.p. turbine (c) The cycle efficiency, and
(d) The rate of flow of cooling water in the condenser if the temperature rise
ofwater is 8�C.
Or
13. In a cogeneration plant, lOS kgIh ofsteam at 80 bar, 48O�C expands in the h.p.
turbine to 10 bar.
From the exhaust 4 )( 105 k.gIh ofsteam is extracted for process heating. The
remaining expands in
1.p. turbine to 0.08 bar. Saturated liquid at 0.08 bar leaving the condenser is
pumped to 9.5 bar where
it mixes with the condensate from the process heater leaving at 9.5 bar 120�C. The
entire flow is then
pumped to 80 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbines and pumps are 86%
and 80%, respectively.
Determine the heating load, in kJ/h, (b) The power developed by the turbines in
kW, and
(c) The rate ofheat transfer in the steam generator in kJ/h.

12. In a combined power and process plant the boiler generates 21,000 kg/h. of
steam at a pressure of
17 bar and temperature 230� C. Apart _of the steam goes to a process heater which�
cons~es
132.56 kW, the steam leaving the process heater 0.957 dry at 17 bar being\~ttled to
3,5 bar. The
remaining steam flows through an h.p. turbine which exhausts at a pressure of3.5
bar. The exhaust
steam mixes with the process steam before entering the l.p; turbine, which develops
1337.5 kW. At
the exhaust the pressure is 0.3 bar and the steam is 0.912 dry. Draw the line and
T-s diagrams of
the plant and determine (i) the steam quality at the exhaust of the h.p. turbine ;
(ii) The power
developed by the h.p. turbine and (iii) The isentropic efficiency of the h.p.
turbine.

13. In a cogeneration plant, 106 kg./h of steam at 80 bar, 480� C. expands in the
h.p. turbine to 10 bar.
From the exhaust. 4 x 105 kg.lh. of steam is extracted for process heating. The
remaining steam
expands in the l.p. turbine to 0.08 bar. Saturated liquid at 0.08 bar leaving the
condenser is pumped
to 9.5 bar where it mixes with the condensate from the process heater leaving at
9.5 bar, 120� C.
The entire flow is then pumped to 80 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of the
turbines and the pumps
are 86 % and 80 %. respectively. Determine (i) The heating load, in kJ/h. ; (ii}the
power developed
by the turbines in kW; .and (iii) The rate of heat transfer in the steam generator
in kJ/h.

12. A certair chemical plant requires heat from process steam at 1200 C. at the
rate of 5.83 MW and
power at rate of 1 MW from the generator terminals. Both heat and power
requirements are met by
a Ji,ck pressure turbine of 80% brake efficiency (brake output/isentropic output)
and 85% internal
(fEciency, which exhausts steam at 1200 C., dry and saturated. AIls the latent
heat released during
ccndensation is utilized is the process lJ.eater. Find the pressure and
temperature of the steam at
inlet to the turbine. Assume 90 % of efficiency for the electric generator.
13. The power output of a reheat regeneration stearn cycle is 80 l\fW. Stearn
enters the Iligh pressure
turbine at 80 bars, 5000 C. and expands till it becomes saturated vapour. Some
ofthe stearn then goes
to an open feed water heater and the balance is rejected at 400" C., after which
expands is a low pressure
turbine to 0.07 bar. Compute (a) reheat pressure; (b) stearn flow rate to h.p.
turbine;
(c) the cycle efficiency; and (d) the rate offlow ofcooling when is the condenser
jfthe temperature rise ofwater is 80� C.

12. In an electric generating station, using a binary vapour cycle with mercury in
the upper cycle and steam
in the lower, the ratio ofmercury flow to steamflow is 10 : 1 on mass basis. At an
evaporation rate ,)f 10,00,000 kg/h
for the mercury, its specific enthalpy raises by 356 kJlkg while passing through
the boiler. Superheating steam in the boiler
furnace adds 586 kJ to the steam specific enthalpy. Mercury gives up 251.2 kJlkg
during condensation and steam
gives up 2003 kJlkg in its condlmser. The overall boiler efficiency is 85%. The
combined turbine mechanical
efficiencies are each 95% for the mercury and steam units. The steam auxiliaries
need 5% ofthe energy
generated by the units. Find the overall efficiency of the plant.
13.
Explain the Rankine reheat and regenerative cycle.
In a thermal power plant operating on a regenerative Rankine cycle superheated
steam at 50 bar and 500�C
enters a turbine. A suitable fraction of the steam is withdrawn from the turbine
at 10 bar and tbc rest of the
steam expands to the condenser pressure 0.05 bar. Calculate the thermal efficiency
)f the steam power plant
and the mass flow rate of steam if the net power output of the plant is 100 MW.
Also compare this efficiency
with ideal Rankine cycle efficiency.
13.
When does reheating ofsteam become necessary? Explain the effect ofreheat on cycle
output and efficiency with neat sketch.