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Drilling Chokes

Ultimate pressure control for the most challenging applications


Drilling Chokes: Advanced technology to
meet the challenges of well pressure
control, MPD and UBD drilling in challenging
environmental conditions

Controlling downhole pressure continues to be the Specialists at M-I SWACO, a Schlumberger


company, have put decades of experience,
most complicated issue operators confront daily. expertise and field-proven technical
performance into developing a line
Extreme pressures left uncontrolled can lead to of drilling chokes that have become
catastrophic results, but the inability to manage the industry standard for the most
demanding and specialized offshore
high equivalent circulating densities (ECD) in low- and onshore applications. Our chokes
are uniquely designed for a range of
pore pressure applications can also severely highly pressure-sensitive applications,
restrict production and raise costs considerably. including Managed Pressure Drilling
(MPD), Underbalanced Drilling (UBD),
The stakes are even higher in today’s drilling Coiled-Tubing (CT), frac-plug drill-out, frac
flowback, ECD control, H2S applications,
world in which deeper and more complicated well-control and clean-up operations.
well paths have become the norm. Heading off
high-pressure influx and keeping your well under
control requires careful matching of the right choke
for your application and downhole conditions.
Safely getting the most
from the well
Features M-I SWACO helps you do just that with its
■■ Line of chokes from 3K to 15K psi growing portfolio of industry-recognized
pressure ratings drilling chokes and control consoles that
provide precise and reliable pressure
■■ Designed for offshore and management for your most critical
onshore applications applications. Led by our pacesetting and
■■ Tungsten-carbide wear sleeves unequaled AUTOCHOKE and SUPERCHOKE
technologies, we offer a wide range of
■■ SUPERCHOKE† designed with rotating high-performance drilling chokes from
disc for flow control 3K to 15K psi (207 to 1,034 bar) pressure
■■ VERSA-CHOKE† designed for position- ratings, ensuring a responsive control
based control option for all your offshore and onshore
pressure management requirements.
■■ AUTOCHOKE designed to
automatically adjust fluid flow to As a widely acknowledged leader in
regulate casing pressure pressure control, M-I SWACO has
engineered a line of chokes considered
■■ ECHOKE† designed with electric motor best in class for shutting in the well,
and electronic console that replaces determining circulating pressure, breaking
the air-over-hydraulic console for circulation, and maintaining near constant
cold-weather service downhole pressure. Our innovative
Benefits AUTOCHOKE automatically maintains near-
constant casing, drill pipe and bottom-hole
■■ Delivers precise, reliable
pressure. Our ECHOKE uses electronic
pressure control
servo control to provide more accurate
■■ Includes highly responsive control and improved performance in cold
control consoles temperatures. The VERSA-CHOKE is the
■■ Helps manage ECD latest addition to our suite, and is designed
■■ Increases operational life for advanced well-control applications.
■■ Reduces effects of abrasive solids In addition to helping manage wellbore
■■ Provides effective control in wide pressures, our drilling chokes also
temperature, pressure range provide control over fluid loss and
water consumption to help minimize
■■ Controls easily during
a project’s environmental footprint
transition periods
and reduce costs. When the pressure
■■ Simplifies predictable casing and is on, more operators count on the
drillpipe pressure control well-documented dependability,
■■ Eliminates leakage precision and responsiveness of
■■ Provides reliable control in cold M-I SWACO drilling chokes.
temperatures
■■ Allows ‘hot swapping’ of actuators
■■ Provides excellent flow
characteristics
■■ Reduces costs of well control,
fluid-loss
■■ Minimizes environment impact
■■ Promotes safe operations
The M-I SWACO AUTOCHOKE

The uniquely engineered AUTOCHOKE Advantages ■■ Compliance


is the cornerstone of the M-I SWACO ■■ High pressure rating –– M-I SWACO designs, manufactures,
portfolio and continues to set the and monograms in accordance with
–– 3K psi (207 bar)
standard for high-pressure drilling chokes. API 6A and API 16C, and in compliance
–– 10K psi (689 bar)
The 3K, 10K and 15K AUTOCHOKE units with NACE MR0175
provide automatic, precise pressure control –– 15K psi (1,034 bar)
–– Optional third-party certifications
and incorporate the best choke technology ■■ Maintains casing pressure
available
available for pressure intensive UBD –– Dynamically positioning shuttle ■■ High-capacity
and MPD applications. This pacesetting –– Automatically adjusts fluid flow
choke automatically regulates casing –– High-capacity: 3 in (76 mm) choke bore.
to regulate casing and drillpipe
pressure under all conditions, including: Improves flow characteristics at
pressures
throttle point and through choke bore
■■ Regulating mud pump start-up or ■■ Precise control and reduced cost
–– Self-cleaning orifice: Reduces plugging
shutdown; –– The precise control of the ■■ Over-pressure protection
■■ Making and breaking drillpipe AUTOCHOKE can dynamically change
bottomhole pressure (BHP) when –– The operator can dial in the desired
connections; and
managed pressure drilling is required maximum casing pressure and the
■■ Automatically adjusting the orifice size to AUTOCHOKE automatically opens to
compensate as mud and gas flow –– Reduces fluid-loss costs: Automatic
protect the well from overpressure
alternately through the unit. adjustment during well control
operations minimizes the occurrence
■■ Downstream choke-bore protection
The AUTOCHOKE is highly effective in –– Tungsten-carbide sleeves: Extended-
of over-pressuring the formation and
H2S and abrasive-fluid applications. wear sleeves increase in-service life,
the resultant fluid loss
With its capacity to automatically reducing the effects of abrasive solids
■■ Frac plug drill-out operation
maintain casing pressure, the and protecting the API ring gasket
AUTOCHOKE makes stripping pipe simpler –– The dynamic shuttle allows proppant
slugs to flow through the AUTOCHOKE
■■ No-leak shut in seals and
and safer. As drillpipe is lowered into
while maintaining a constant fluid long-life materials
the hole, an equal volume of fluid under
pressure is automatically displaced return stream. The hard-faced wear –– Metal-to-metal and elastomer-to-
through the high performance choke. sleeve and tungsten carbide metal seals: Constructed of long-life
downstream sleeves stand up to components for severe service
the highly abrasive sand flow of operations: tungsten-carbide static
frac operations trim, reversible dynamic trim,
hardfaced shuttle nut and internal
removable body sleeve
AUTOCHOKE control console
The AUTOCHOKE console is constructed (76 mm) diameter orifice in the static from the well through the orifice.
of stainless steel and includes drillpipe trim piece. Hydraulic pressure, The set point pressure applied to the
and casing-pressure gauges, a hydraulic which is adjusted through a set-point backside of the shuttle assembly is
set-point regulator and gauge, and a hand- pressure regulator, is applied to the adjusted by a pressure regulator and
operated hydraulic backup pump. backside of the shuttle. This creates a measured by the set-point gauge
The AUTOCHOKE console is equipped pressure-balance between the casing located on the choke control panel.
with an electronic position indicator, digital pressure of the well and the hydraulic The annulus pressure is applied to the
pump-stroke-rate meter, timer and clock. pressure of the AUTOCHOKE unit. front side of the shuttle assembly.

How it works If the casing pressure is higher than the An increase in annulus pressure or a
The unique design of the AUTOCHOKE hydraulic pressure, the shuttle opens, decrease in the hydraulic set-point pressure
features a dynamically positioning shuttle which increases the orifice size. will cause the shuttle assembly to move
that moves back and forth on an axis If the casing pressure is lower than the away from the static trim, increasing the
housed inside a hardfaced wear sleeve. hydraulic pressure, the shuttle closes, orifice size. This allows fluid to flow from
The dynamic trim seats into the 3 in. decreasing the orifice size. As the shuttle the well and decrease the casing pressure
moves, it regulates the flow of fluid or gas until it equals the set-point pressure.

Fully closed Hydraulic set-point Fully opened Hydraulic set-point Passing Debris Hydraulic set-point
pressure pressure pressure

Casing Pressure Casing Pressure Casing Pressure Shuttle sliding


The M-I SWACO SUPERCHOKE

The highly advanced 5K, 10K and 15K Advantages ■■ Tungsten-carbide sleeves
SUPERCHOKE has become one of the ■■ Multiple pressure-sensitive applications –– Increase in-service life. Extended wear
industry’s most widely used chokes, sleeves reduce the effects of abrasive
–– Well kicks
particularly for well kill and high- solids and protects the API ring gasket
–– Well testing
pressure applications. The SUPERCHOKE Versatility
–– Well clean-up operations
■■
delivers easy, precise and reliable
High pressure rating –– Ideal for offshore and onshore
well pressure control during transition ■■

applications
operations, such as mud pump start-up –– 5,000 psi (345 bar)
or shut-down. The SUPERCHOKE is ■■ Certifications
–– 10,000 psi (689 bar)
equally effective when mud and gas are –– 15,000 psi (1,034 bar) –– Designed, manufactured, and
flowing alternately through the choke. monogrammed in accordance with API
■■ Dependable choke-disc design
It is designed and manufactured for H2S 6A, API 16C, and NACE MR0175
service and abrasive fluid applications. –– Heavy-duty, diamond-lapped tungsten-
–– Optional configurations available to
carbide discs honed to near-perfect
P-X Temperature rating (-20F to 350F),
Three modes of SUPERCHOKE operation: flatness. Rotation of actuator fork
PR2, PSL3G, and Material Class EE-NL
Normal operations allows finite regulation of the opening
for H2S service
■■

–– Power to the control console is size from full-open to full-close


–– Optional certifications to ABS CDS,
supplied by rig air to provide hydraulic ■■ Positive closure
DNV ES-E-101, CE and PED marked,
power to the SUPERCHOKE –– A 17° dead band overlap beyond the NORSOK Z-016, and NORSOK D-002
■■ If rig air is lost full-close position ensures closure –– Customized certifications available
–– Activation is manual with hydraulic even if the plates become worn from
pump located on control console extended exposure to abrasives-laden
fluid flow. Quality of the seal is not
■■ If hydraulic lines are severed
affected by pressure drops and surges.
–– Activation is manual with bar provided In fact, the seal improves under
on the choke indicator head pressure
SUPERCHOKE control console
M-I SWACO choke-control consoles are How it works control lever, a master air supply valve,
available to control either a single or dual The advanced design of the SUPERCHOKE a choke position indicator, drill pipe and
SUPERCHOKE unit. These consoles are employs an adjustable orifice size that casing pressure gauges and pump stroke
equipped with either standard hydraulic ranges from a maximum area of 1.92 in2 counter and rate meter. The hydraulic
or optional digital casing and drill-pipe (12 cm2) to total shutoff. The control panel pump and hydraulic fluid reservoir are
gauges, pneumatic position indicator provides hydraulic power to the actuator located beneath the console. Should
and digital pump-stroke rate meter. mounted on the SUPERCHOKE, which in air supply be interrupted, an included
turn rotates the tungsten carbide discs hand-operated hydraulic pump provides
within the SUPERCHOKE to control orifice power to control the SUPERCHOKE.
size. The control panel is comprised of a
The M-I SWACO ECHOKE

The M-I SWACO ECHOKE is a remotely Advantages ■■ Faster open/close speeds


operated, electrically actuated and ■■ Multiple pressure-sensitive applications –– The 8 seconds from full-open to full-
variable-speed version of the SUPERCHOKE close is faster than a hydraulically
–– Well kicks
and is ideally suited for cold temperatures actuated choke
–– Well testing
and similarly harsh environments. Motor and drive power requirements
–– Well clean-up operations
■■

The ECHOKE incorporates an electric ■■ High pressure rating –– Holding, 100% speed, .472 Amps
actuator, a local drive box and the –– Moving, 100% speed, .832 Amps
–– 5,000 psi (345 bar)
electronic remote console. The ultra- Choke body power requirements
–– 10,000 psi (689 bar)
■■
reliable ECHOKE local drive box replaces
–– 15,000 psi (1,034 bar) –– Moving, 50% speed, 1.248 Amps
the large choke console currently
required for hydraulic operation. ■■ Cold weather service –– Moving, 100% speed, 2.176 Amps
A single operator can easily carry the –– The electric motor and electronic –– With 10,000 psi (690 bar):
small, highly portable remotely controlled console replace the air-over-hydraulic Moving, ~1% speed, 1.44 Amps
actuator control panel to the drill floor. console and improve reliability in cold Moving, 50% speed, 2.152 Amps
weather environments Moving, 100% speed, 3.624 Amps
The predominate benefit of the ECHOKE
Small footprint
■■ Certifications
in harsh operating conditions is remote ■■

delivery of a high degree of control, safety –– The quiet and space-saving design of –– Designed, manufactured, and
and speed in well-control situations. the remote console allows it to be monogrammed in accordance with API
The ECHOKE has exhibited excellent located in the driller’s cabin 6A, API 16C, and NACE MR0175
high-torque performance. The variable ■■ Reduced cabling requirements –– Optional configurations available to
speed drive allows the ECHOKE to P-X Temperature rating (-20F to 350F),
–– The ECHOKE unit requires only one
deliver faster open and close speeds. PR2, PSL3G, and Material Class EE-NL
communication cable between the
for H2S service
Three methods of ECHOKE operation: remote console and local drive box
–– Optional certifications to ABS CDS,
■■ Variable-speed drive
■■ Electronic control using the remote DNV, CE and PED marked, NORSOK
console on the drill floor. –– The operator can easily control the Z-016, and D-002
choke opening and closing speed, –– Customized certifications available
■■ Electronic control using the local drive
allowing for precise choke positioning
box near the choke manifold.
adjustment during critical well-
■■ Manual control at the choke, using the control situations
actuator hand-wheel.
The M-I SWACO VERSA-CHOKE

The M-I SWACO 15K VERSA-CHOKE was to meet project-specific installation and –– Trim can be changed from 1 ½,
engineered for advanced well-control operating conditions. Flange sizes of 2 to 3 in. by only changing
applications, requiring large trim with up to 4 1/16 in are available and custom internal components
high pressure and temperature ratings. spool lengths can be provided to meet –– Available with API 6A material class
The highly flexible VERSA-CHOKE is custom applications upon request. and EE-NL NACE trim to 350°F.
ideally suited for high-end pressure –– Available with multiple API
management, managed pressure drilling
Advantages
flange sizes up to 4 1/16 in
(MPD), underbalanced drilling (UBD), ■■ Multiple pressure-sensitive applications –– Spool length and size can be
frac plug drill-outs and frac flowback. –– Advanced pressure control configured to meet custom
Unlike intrinsically pressure-balanced –– MPD/UBD applications
chokes, the position-based VERSA-CHOKE –– Frac plug drill-out ■■ Certifications
is controlled by specially designed –– Frac flowback –– Designed, manufactured, and
hydraulically driven actuators. Unique to the ■■ High pressure rating monogrammed in accordance with API
modular VERSA-CHOKE is the capacity to 6A, API 16C, and NACE MR0175
–– 5 K (345 bar)
easily “hot swap” actuators without having –– Optional configurations available to
to disassemble any internal components, –– 10K (689 bar)
P-X Temperature rating (-20F to 350F),
thereby reducing maintenance time. –– 15K (1,034 bar)
PR2, PSL3G, and Material Class EE-NL
Both piston-style and worm-gear style ■■ Position-based control system
for H2S service
actuators are available. The piston-style –– Worm-gear hydraulic actuator –– Optional certifications to ABS CDS,
actuator is designed for use on the 5K (available for all pressure ratings) DNV, CE and PED marked, NORSOK
VERSA-CHOKE, while the worm-gear –– Piston-style hydraulic actuator Z-016, and D-002
actuator is designed for use with any (available for 5K choke only) –– Customized certifications available
pressure VERSA-CHOKE. All actuators ■■ Ease of maintenance
are designed to withstand without failure
the full rated backpressure of the choke. –– Actuators can be changed out
without having to disassemble any
The VERSA-CHOKE is available in internal components
reversible 1 ½, 2 and 3 in. trim sizes. –– Quick-change internal components
The capacity to reverse trim, which is ■■ Configuration flexibility
common to all pressure ratings, doubles
the operational life of the choke. Moreover, –– Modular design and components
trim size can be changed by only changing allows configuration to be customized
internal components. The modular design to specific operating conditions
also allows customized configurations
M-I SWACO Drilling Chokes prove
themselves in the field

Texas: Pressure, flow rate changes no match for 15K AUTOCHOKE


The Situation The Solution The Results
The operator required a more consistent The operator deployed the 15K Throughout the multi-plug drill-out, the
and cost-effective solution for managing AUTOCHOKE in an attempt to effectively responsiveness of the 15K AUTOCHOKE
flow during the highly abrasive environment and accurately control near constant BHP was fast and predictable, requiring minimal
common to frac plug drill-out operations. while reducing plugging, choke cutout, and manual adjustments during the operation.
The desired pressure control solution non-productive time. Feedback from the crew members was
would be used to drill out 14 plugs in a positive, with emphasis on the reduced
Carthage, TX field. amount of required control and minimal
wear to the internal components.
Louisiana: SUPERCHOKE kills well in one circulation, removes guesswork
The Situation The Solution The Results
The operator planned to re-enter a well that For the re-entry, M-I SWACO After the well kicked at 2,425 ft with a
had been permitted to 15,000 ft (4,572 m), recommended the operator employ its 14.9 lb/gal (1.7 sg) oil-base drilling fluid in
but encountered a host of formation SUPERCHOKE engineered for precise the hole, the SUPERCHOKE was activitated
problems that prohibited drilling past pressure control in well control, well and successfully killed the well in one
11,850 ft (3,612 m). Successfully drilling the testing and well cleanup operations, as well circulation. The operator was able to
re-entry required overcoming the lost as in high-pressure drilling applications. proceed with drilling 2,000 ft of the targeted
circulation, high pressure and differential The SUPERCHOKE would overcome the formation, while skirting the fracture
drill string sticking experienced in the deficiencies of a conventional control panel gradient between 15.2 and 15.6 lb/gal
original well. Using drilling fluid densities of in which the fixed orifice size in the valve is equivalent mud weights. Throughout the
15.2 lb/gal (1.8 sg) or lower would generate opened or closed by controlling plates, operation, the FCP and drill-pipe pressures
a kick while weights higher than 15.6 lb/gal sleeves, or pin-and-seat elements with a never deviated higher than 50 psi and
(1.8 sg) would lead to lost circulation. joystick located on a control panel. allowed the operator to easily maintain
The objective was to overcome these In a kill operation, the constant adjustment constant drillpipe pressure or FCP until
potential issues and drill 2,000 ft (610 m) required with the joysticks made it nearly the kill weight mud reached the surface at
into the formation. The re-entry drilling impossible to hold casing pressure, initial 6,700 strokes. The capacity to kill the well in
program eventually would require a well circulating pressure (ICP) and final one circulation saved significant rig time,
control operation to be conducted. circulating pressure (FCP) during pump while giving M-I SWACO personnel the
start up, drill-pipe schedule, or when gas ability to record pertinent data to validate
was being produced. M-I SWACO also the efficiency of the SUPERCHOKE
looked at the re-entry as prime opportunity as a viable well control technology.
to again validate the advantages of the As demonstrated in this application, a
SUPERCHOKE as a single-circulation well key advantage of the technology is
kill technology. removing the guesswork from critical
well-kill operations.

Put our Drilling Chokes to


work for you
To meet the diverse needs of our
customers, our Drilling Chokes are
available for both purchase and rental,
and include service maintenance.
To find out more about how our high-
performance Drilling Chokes are
controlling pressures for our other
customers worldwide, contact your
local M-I SWACO representative.
Online Resources
Pressure Control Products
www.miswaco.com/pressurecontrol
Drilling Chokes
www.miswaco.com/pressurecontrol

This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I SWACO makes no guarantees or
warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product
warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document
is legal advice or is a substitute for competent legal advice.

©2013 M-I L.L.C. All rights reserved. †Mark of M-I L.L.C.


DBR.0110.1312.R2 (E) 500 Digital Print in U.S.A.

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