ETIKA PENULISAN

CONTENT
∎Kode Etik Penulis
∎Jenis Pelanggaran Kode Etik Penulisan
∎Plagiarisme
∎Jenis Plagiarisme
∎Bentuk Plagiarisme
∎Cara Menghindari Plagiarisme
∎Paraphrase

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 Ethical rules: Global
 In different countries

In different publisher

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 In different publisher

KODE ETIK PENULIS

∎Menjunjung tinggi hak, pendapat atau temuan

orang lain.
∎Menyadari sepenuhnya untuk tidak melakukan
pelanggaran ilmiah.
∎Pelanggaran tersebut diantaranya:
- Falsifikasi
- Fabrikasi
- Plagiarisme

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 ∎Fabrikasi data -- ‘mempabrik’ data atau
membuat-buat data yang sebenarnya tidak
ada atau lebih umumnya membuat data fiktif.

∎Falsifikasi data-- bisa berarti mengubah data

sesuai dengan keinginan, terutama agar sesuai
dengan simpulan yang ‘ingin’ diambil dari
sebuah penelitian.

∎Plagiarisme--- mengambil kata-kata atau kalimat

atau teks orang lain tanpa memberikan
acknowledgment (dalam bentuk sitasi) yang
secukupnya.

Ethics for writting

 Fabrication data/result
Making up
data or results,
and recording
or reporting
them

Creating
fictitious data

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  Falsification of data

Story of Pinokio

Ethics for Scientist

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 Plagiarism

Plagiarisme/plagiasi

∎Plagiarisme berasal dari bahasa Latin:

∎Plagiari(us) = “penculik”
∎Plagi(um) = “menculik”
∎Melihat akar kata di atas, plagiarisme dalam
penulisan makalah ilmiah, mengandung unsur
‘penganiayaan’ intelektual karena terjadi
pengambilan cara paksa kata-kata/gagasan tanpa
seizin pemiliknya.
∎Pada intinya semua menyatakan bahwa plagiarisme
merupakan pemanfaatan/penggunaan hasil karya
orang lain yang diakui sebagai hasil kerja diri sendiri,
tanpa memberi pengakuan pada penciptanya yang
asli.

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 Jenis Plagiarisme/plagiasi

∎Plagiarisme tidak hanya terbatas pada

pencurian gagasan atau hasil karya
orang lain di bidang ilmiah saja,
namun juga berlaku di bidang lainnya
seperti dunia seni, budaya, dsb.
∎Bentuknya pun dapat beraneka
macam tidak terbatas hanya pada
tulisan.

Bentuk Plagiarisme/plagiasi

∎Copy paste (copas) tulisan/artikel/posting milik

orang lain yang diperoleh dari internet tanpa
mencantumkan nama pemilik karya cipta tersebut.
∎Mengganti nama pemilik karya tulis dengan nama
sendiri atau nama lain dalam tulisan yang
disalin/disitasi.
∎Menyalin sama persis tulisan orang lain dalam
tulisan yang kita buat, tanpa ada sedikitpun
perbedaan kata.

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 Bentuk Plagiarisme/plagiasi

∎Menggunakan ide milik orang lain berupa gambar,

foto, video, audio, grafik, tabel dan sebagainya
tanpa mencantumkan sumber aslinya.
∎Menuliskan hasil penelitian orang lain dengan
menggunakan kalimat sendiri tanpa
mencantumkan sumber atau nama pemilik
karya/hasil penelitian tersebut.
∎Membeli hasil karya orang lain kemudian
menyebarluaskan hasil karya tersebut atas nama
pribadi

Self-Plagiarism

∎Apabila karya sendiri sudah pernah diterbitkan

sebelumnya, maka apabila kita mengambil
gagasan tersebut, semestinya dicantumkan
rujukan atau sitasinya.

∎Bila tidak, ini dapat dianggap sebagai auto-

plagiarisme atau self-plagiarism/Autoplagiarism.
∎Jenis plagiarisme ini sebenarnya dapat dianggap
“ringan”, namun bila dimaksudkan atau di
kemudian hari dimanfaatkan untuk menambah
kredit akademik, maka dapat dianggap sebagai
pelanggaran berat dari etika akademik.

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 Plagiarism is a serious offence that could lead to
paper rejection, academic charges and
termination of employment. It will seriously
affect your scientific reputation.

DON’T DO IT!

Unacceptable paraphrasing, even with correct

citation, is considered plagiarism
(www.google.com)

Cara menghindari plagiarisme

∎ Membuat kutipan langsung, yaitu dengan cara
menyalin kalimat, frase, atau salah stu bagian dari
teks secara langsung dengan kata-kata yang sama
persis disertai dengan Tanda Petik.
∎Perlu diperhatikan adalah bahwa kalimat yang kita
salin tidak boleh terlalu banyak, cukup berupa
ringkasannya saja, untuk kemudian dijelaskan
dengan menggunakan kalimat sendiri.
∎ Kutipan bisa juga dilakukan dengan catatan kaki.

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 Cara menghindari plagiarisme
∎Membuat Parafrase Teks, yaitu menuliskan
kembali bagian dari teks dari sumber yang akan
kita masukan dalam karya tulis kita, namun ditulis
dengan kata-kata sendiri, selanjutnya cantumkan
nama pengarang/pemilik ide yang kita gunakan.
∎Dalam parafrase tidak boleh ada persamaan kata
antara sumber asli dengan tulisan kita, namun apa
yang kita tuliskan harus tetap memiliki makna yang
sama dengan sumber aslinya.

Paraphrasing means
“rephrasing the words of an
author, putting his/her
thoughts in your own words.”
Using Paraphrase, IF:
When you paraphrase, you • That idea is important, and
rework the source’s ideas, you want to avoid:
words, phrases, and sentence - plagiarism
structures with your own. - too many “quote”
Like quotations, paraphrased • Showing your original idea
material must be followed
with in-text documentation
and cited on your Works-
Cited page.

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 False Paraphrasing :
∎Original (Gratz, 1982):
Bilateral vagotomy resulted in an increase in tidal
volume but a depression in respiratory frequency
such that total ventilation did not change.

∎Restatement 1:
Gratz (1982) showed that bilateral vagotomy resulted
in an increase in tidal volume but a depression in
respiratory frequency such that total ventilation did
not change.

Ronald K. Gratz. Using Other’s Words and Ideas.

Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological
University

True Paraphrasing :

∎Original (Buchanan, 1996):

What makes intentionally killing a human being a moral
wrong for which the killer is to be condemned is that
the killer did this morally bad thing not inadvertently or
even negligently, but with a conscious purpose – with
eyes open and a will directed toward that very object.
∎Restatement 2:
Buchanan (1996) states that we condemn a person
who intentionally kills a human being because he did a
"morally bad thing" not through negligence or accident
but with open eyes and a direct will to take that life.

Ronald K. Gratz. Using Other’s Words and Ideas.

Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University

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 Plagiarisme/Plagiasi
Original Text
∎Critical care nurses function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse
manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for
patients but follows the progress of unusual or long-term patients. On each shift a nurse
assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour-by-hour functioning of the
unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients,
ascertaining that beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls.
Resource nurses also take a patient assignment. They are the most experienced of all the staff
nurses. The nurse clinician has a separate job description and provides for quality of care by
orienting new staff, developing unit policies, and providing direct support where needed, such
as assisting in emergency situations. The clinical nurse specialist in this unit is mostly involved
with formal teaching in orienting new staff. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical
nurse specialist are the designated experts. They do not take patient assignments. The
resource nurse is seen as both a caregiver and a resource to other caregivers. . . . Staff nurses
have a hierarchy of seniority. . . . Staff nurses are assigned to patients to provide all their
nursing care. (Chase, 1995, p. 156)
Plagiarism Text
∎Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does
not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long-term cases. On each shift a resource
nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in
the operating room, and also has a patient assignment. The nurse clinician orients new staff,
develops policies, and provides support where needed. The clinical nurse specialist also orients new
staff, mostly by formal teaching. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical nurse specialist,
as the designated experts, do not take patient assignments. The resource nurse is not only a
caregiver but a resource to the other caregivers. Within the staff nurses there is also a hierarchy of
seniority. Their job is to give assigned patients all their nursing care.

True Paraphrase
∎ In her study of the roles of nurses in a critical care unit, Chase (1995) also
found a hierarchy that distinguished the roles of experts and others. Just
as the educational experts described above do not directly teach
students, the experts in this unit do not directly attend to patients. That is
the role of the staff nurses, who, like teachers, have their own “hierarchy
of seniority” (p. 156). The roles of the experts include employing unit
nurses and overseeing the care of special patients (nurse manager),
teaching and otherwise integrating new personnel into the unit (clinical
nurse specialist and nurse clinician), and policy-making (nurse clinician). In
an intermediate position in the hierarchy is the resource nurse, a staff
nurse with more experience than the others, who assumes direct care of
patients as the other staff nurses do, but also takes on tasks to ensure the
smooth operation of the entire facility.

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 Plagiarism is a serious offence that could lead
to paper rejection, academic charges and
termination of employment. It will seriously
affect your scientific reputation.

DON’T DO IT!

Unacceptable paraphrasing, even with correct

citation, is considered plagiarism
(www.google.com)

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